RIC Vol 33 Nº3, Diciembre 2018 by RICUC ICC
The structural behavior of heritage buildings is now a priority for restoration architects and st... more The structural behavior of heritage buildings is now a priority for restoration architects and structural engineers, because of the loss of human lives and the damages in the constructions caused by earthquakes. The conventional intervention, which applies the Colombian code for earthquake-resistant constructions (NSR 10), affects the conservation of their heritage values. This is a proposal for a structural analysis applying traditional methods, but including the integral knowledge of the building, as well as the structural principles that their behavior and the development of intervention proposals based on their own structural principles. A group of doctrinal churches in the high lands of Boyacá and Cundinamarca in Colombia (1579-1616) were selected as cases of study , using a basic architectonical church model, which maintains the constant geometry, but modifies its constructive technique, with the purpose of understanding the differences and result interpretations for this type of constructions. The evidence shows the importance of involving the comprehension of distinctive technical features, as a way to achieve seismic protection solutions for human life, in the same way as historical construction values.
The acoustic quality in enclosed spaces is defined by the constructive characteristics of the env... more The acoustic quality in enclosed spaces is defined by the constructive characteristics of the environment, which must be designed to increase the propagation of the sound. Therefore, the sound message to be transmitted, whether spoken, song or by music instruments, can be intelligibly captured by the listeners. Among the main characteristics that influence the sound behavior in rooms are its dimensions, its geometric shape and the finishing materials applied on their internal surfaces. Each room has different acoustic requirements, directly related to the purpose for which it is intended. Therefore, the professional responsible for the design and construction of these environments should analyze and recognize the needs of each case. In this way, the present case study presents the evaluation of the acoustic quality of a multiple use auditorium, at Unisinos Campus, in São Leopoldo, southern Brazil. Acoustic measurements were performed to calculate the Reverberation Time (T30) and the Early Decay Time (EDT) of the room. Afterwards, the modelling of the auditorium in the acoustic simulation software CATT-Acoustics was carried out, allowing the estimation of other objective acoustic parameters such as the Speech Transmission Index (STI), Definition (D50) and Clarity (C80). The results obtained through measurements and acoustic simulations show that the auditorium has satisfactory acoustic quality for speech, but it is not so suitable for receiving musical presentations. The model generated in the software also made it possible to simulate constructive solutions aiming to improve the acoustic quality of the room.
Recent researches have proven the importance of considering the seismic directionality effect. Th... more Recent researches have proven the importance of considering the seismic directionality effect. The performance of buildings subjected to earthquakes depends on its orientation respect to the seismic actions applied. This type of calculation is computed using the nonlinear dynamic analysis (NLDA) and rotating the acceleration horizontal components onto all non-redundant angles, which entails a high computational cost. This paper presents an alternative approach to consider the directionality effect. The method is based on the nonlinear static analysis (NLSA) and in the energy balance between the capacity curves and the response spectra of the rotated seismic actions. This approach was applied to a 4-story steel frame building 3D-model with ground motions records from Mexico City. A high variability in the building performance is observed due to the incidence angle of the seismic action; the proposed method would allow considering this variation in the structural analysis, in an easy way, demanding less calculation time and providing results compatible with those obtained through the NLDA.
Many construction projects present uncertainty in their budgets and schedules. Also, the manageme... more Many construction projects present uncertainty in their budgets and schedules. Also, the management of time and costs is inconsistent. There are methodologies and techniques that improve the management of construction projects: Techniques such as Earned Value Management (EVM), ideal for planning, monitoring and controlling the management of time and costs during the execution of projects, and methodologies such as Building Information Modeling (BIM) recognized for improving the planning and design of construction projects. This paper proposes the integration of BIM and EVM through an OpenBIM software called COST-BIM, designed in JAVA programming language and NetBeans 8.0.1 development environment. It manages construction projects time and costs under a single interface, consisting of four modules and fifteen processes. The software is validated through a real project of social interest housing (Vivienda de Interés Social VIS), comparing the budget, schedule, EVM original indicators and EVM projections of the project versus those generated by the tool.
COST-BIM manages construction projects from its planning, during its execution and until its monitoring and control turning it into a useful software for construction managers that strive to increase the performance of their projects.
The use of concrete made with recycled materials allows an alternative in the optimization and co... more The use of concrete made with recycled materials allows an alternative in the optimization and considerable reduction of resources during the manufacturing process of the components. The resistance to compression and bending in concrete of 210 Kg/cm2 modified with plastifying additive at ages 7, 14 and 28 days were evaluated using recycled rubber of 5, 10 and 15% in its composition. Three experimental groups were included, with plasticizing admixture and recycled rubber, and two control groups, with and without plastifying additive. The resistance to compression reached maximum values of 218.45 Kg/cm2 and 212.33 Kg/cm2 at 5% and 10% rubber, respectively. As for the flexural strength, a maximum value of 81.86 Kg/cm2 was achieved for 10% rubber. The recycled rubber proved to be an excellent addition to be used in concrete mixtures despite the losses of mechanical strength, but by adding plastifying additive, it significantly improves making it possible to be incorporated into concrete up to 10%. By means of variance analysis with significance of 5%, it is concluded that the percentage of recycled rubber has a significant effect on the resistance to compression and bending in the manufacture of modified concrete with plastifying additive.
The continued growth in demand for cement has raised concerns in the industry about environmental... more The continued growth in demand for cement has raised concerns in the industry about environmental and sustainability issues. In addition, the worldwide generation of large quantities of solid waste threatens human health and on environmental quality. This paper proposes to assess the feasibility of using a residual powder derived from organic waste of vegetable or animal origin for replacing part of Portland cement during concrete production. Specifically, the powder is derived from a living being such as the remains of food (meat, vegetables, fruits and eggshells), paper, wood, bones and seeds. Its scientific contribution is a conscious change due to development of an alternative material to contribute with more sustainable processes in the construction industry. Three types of mixtures for cement content were studied: aggregate/cement (A/C) ratios of 15, 10 and 6. Concrete samples were then made by replacing the cement with organic waste powder in percentages of 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20%. These mixtures were evaluated for their physical and mechanical properties. The results showed that the reference concrete had higher compressive strength than the concrete with low cement content (A/C ratio of 15:1). However, samples made with 5% of powder and an A/C ratio of 10:1 presented values at least 2.1% greater than compressive strength of the reference concrete. Mixtures rich in cement (A/C ratio of 6:1) and the powder replacements of up to 10% showed in the best mechanical behavior in 13% in relation to the reference concrete. Therefore, waste powder can be used as filling material to replace part of the cement, resulting in denser and more resistant concrete, as well as less specific absorption and voids.
The quality of the air on the Old City of Havana have come to be over the last decades a growing ... more The quality of the air on the Old City of Havana have come to be over the last decades a growing concern regarding the durability and the aesthetics of the historical buildings. The aim of this work is to assess the impact of atmospheric pollutants on the conservation of the historic buildings of Havana, declared a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 1982. The city, located between 20-2600 m from the north coast is constantly exposed to an increasing levels of atmospheric pollutants mainly from anthropogenic sources. The future projections on climate for the Caribbean area reflect changes in temperature, humidity and rainfall levels, which will have implications for the preservation of the heritage buildings
The construction sector is responsible for high levels of energy consumption and for environmenta... more The construction sector is responsible for high levels of energy consumption and for environmental impacts during the life cycle of a building all over the world. Therefore, sustainability has become an inherent topic in building design, in response to the stringency of natural resources and to performance. A way to design sustainable buildings is taking advantage of the available natural resources on site to reduce the needs for artificial conditioning. Requirements of performance have become more restrictive and existing buildings must conform to them. This is possible through a retrofit process which improves their performance to comply with actual requirements, besides improving the comfort of their occupants. Most of the developed procedures for retrofitting analysis take into account only energy consumption and emission of pollutants. The aim of this paper is to demonstrate a procedure to help designers and decision makers on choosing the best retrofit strategy considering energy consumption, thermal comfort and the cost-benefit of these strategies. A computational model of a building located at the State University of Campinas was developed to simulate different passive strategies and the results obtained are presented in an easy-to-use chart as part of the procedure.
The research proposes a strategy to develop cross-training plans to be implemented in engineering... more The research proposes a strategy to develop cross-training plans to be implemented in engineering companies that carry out multidisciplinary projects. Through empirical data collected by the application of the case method, the study performs an analysis to determine the activities and tasks that can be performed by specialists from different but complementary areas. The study is based on different existing theories, such as job rotation, project management maturity models, intellectual capital and motivational and leadership theories. As a result, each specialist obtains a holistic vision on the management of interdisciplinary projects, contributing to their development and improving the coordination of different areas. The application of these cross-training plans to key personnel in multidisciplinary projects benefits the interpersonal relationships among the project team and, consequently, collaborates in obtaining projects with better performance.
RIC Vol 33 Nº2, Agosto 2018 by RICUC ICC
Currently, construction companies have shown a need to adopt process improvement systems in order... more Currently, construction companies have shown a need to adopt process improvement systems in order to function competitively in the market. However, civil construction, compared to the manufacturing, still has deficiencies relating to the incorporation of new improvement systems. Thus, the use of Kaizen Events (KE) is one of the main mechanisms used to perfect processes during the production (execution) phase of a product, ensuring enhanced performance and added value to the client. The present research sought to evaluate a method for adopting KE in the construction sector. The data-gathering tools used were a questionnaire and a focus group where academics and/or experts who fit a specific profile participated. A methodological strategy for the development of the work was adopted under the approach of Design Science Research (DSR) and the theoretical referential was developed from a Systematic Literature Review (SLR). Improvements were made to the method to improve its applicability and functionality in real life scenarios using the results obtained. Accordingly, the results show horizons for future research on KE in civil construction.
Context: The use of solar energy, rather than an alternative, is the viable solution to the energ... more Context: The use of solar energy, rather than an alternative, is the viable solution to the energy demands of our planet for sustainable development. Given the population increase and the quality of life at a global scale, it is very reasonable to forecast an increase in global energy demand. In this context, solar cooling systems are a viable and timely strategy to follow.
Methods: This work offers a state of the art on the different methods of obtaining solar cold. The review is generated by using the tools offered by the Scopus directory and using the VOSviewer bibliometric analysis software.
Results: Solar thermal cooling in buildings is shown as a trend within these energy practices, followed by photovoltaic solar cooling. Today, the United States of America, Italy, and China are the nations that lead this field. The most fertile research areas in this subject matter are engineering, energy and materials science.
Conclusions: The next few years will be decisive for the development of solar cooling technologies since they depend on the incentives and promotion plans offered by those responsible for formulating environmental and energy efficiency policies for buildings.
Water hammer in pipe networks is a subject little discussed in the technical literature. This may... more Water hammer in pipe networks is a subject little discussed in the technical literature. This may be due to the belief that the network shape helps to reduce its impact, since the pressure waves would tend to subdivide as they propagate through the system pipes. In this article the water hammer is analysed in a pipe network due to the closure of a valve modelled how if it were of type butterfly, gate circular, gate square, ball, needle and globe. It is concluded that the extreme pressure values depend on the type of valve which it is being closed, and that the network shape is not a relevant factor that it helps to attenuate the transient pressures.
Green building construction has experienced significant growth in the recent decades and Peru is ... more Green building construction has experienced significant growth in the recent decades and Peru is not the exception because actually several of the prime office buildings have or are pursuing any green building certification. However, the higher initial costs affect its continuity and growth speed. Researchers have studied the tools and techniques for cost containment and their application had effective use in the construction process. The aim of this study was to suggest a specific tool or technique for traditional constructions that can benefit and enhance the cost containment of green buildings. The findings from this study show the impact and applicability of collaborative working in design and construction as a management tool, through a survey among construction professionals in regards cost containment for green buildings. These results could encourage the green buildings construction growth in this country, through the appliance of this tool.
Concrete is the most used building material worldwide, involving thousands of field, academic and... more Concrete is the most used building material worldwide, involving thousands of field, academic and laboratory professionals in its production, transportation and its application, which creates a great margin of possible error that may yield in a poor quality concrete. Each professional takes care of the concrete quality according to his/her experience or academic knowledge/expertise. In order to analyze the factors that concrete workers in Barranquilla (Colombia) perceive as the most important for achieving a high-quality concrete, a survey was made to both academic and field experts with different years of experience and analytic hierarchy process (AHP) was applied to weigh the perception of each factor in the concrete quality. Results have shown that for the survey respondents one of the most important factors is the environment; this may be associated with geographic location of the city, which is in a coastal region.
This study aimed to characterize and evaluate the performance of the Amazonian plant fiber curaua... more This study aimed to characterize and evaluate the performance of the Amazonian plant fiber curaua (Ananas erectifolius) as reinforcement in the cementitious composite panels’ production process. For the production of these panels were determined extractives content and bulk density of the fibers. The panels were produced with curaua fibers, varying the contents (5%, 10% and 20%). Also, as a methodology, vegetable fibers were treated through immersion in cold water for 24 hours, immersion in hot water for 6 hours, and finally immersed in NaOH solution for 2 hours at a concentration of 1%. The panels were manufactured in the dimensions of 500x500x15 mm, a nominal bulk density of 1.60 g/cm3 and kept under pressure (4 MPa) for 24 hours. After pressing the panels were conditioned for 28 days for cement cure. As a result, it was observed that the incorporation of 10% curaua fibers is possible as reinforcement in the cementitious matrix, in the manufacture of wood-concrete panels. It was also found that the chemical treatment of the fibers provided the improvement in the physical properties of the composites.
The traffic flux is a complex phenomenon in which the dynamic behavior is generally badly defined... more The traffic flux is a complex phenomenon in which the dynamic behavior is generally badly defined, indeed all laws and models reflect from idealizations and empirical approximations. For this reason we develop in this paper a methodological approach for a macroscopic modeling of the traffic. The approach is based on the probabilistic aspect of the phenomenon, with the method exploitation, the base data and Agbartchenkov works results, in order to describe the basic phenomena caused by traffic. The major interest is the description of such system using a probabilistic model, which links all the factors influencing the highway traffic and the safety of the bridges, limiting speeds, density and the minimum distance between two moving objects of road traffic on a bridge.
The world has developed different methodologies for the design of asphalt mixtures; each of which... more The world has developed different methodologies for the design of asphalt mixtures; each of which is intended to optimise and find the optimal combination of materials that allow them to be resistant under specific travel, climate and structural support conditions. This article presents the results of an investigation which utilised coal tar as a binding agent for road surface mixtures and carried out a comparison of results of the physical and mechanical properties of sample bituminous mixtures produced by two distinct methodologies, Marshall and Ramcodes. Finally, an analysis was carried out on the suitability of tar as a binding agent and on utilising the Ramcodes methodology when designing mixtures.
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of six different types of treatment on mos... more The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of six different types of treatment on mosso bamboo biomass (Phyllostachys pubescens) in order to verify its compatibility with Portland cement. The treatments adopted for mosso bamboo were: immersion in different solutions as to know: cold water, hot water, sodium hydroxide, sodium silicate, silane and calcium chloride. The degree of compatibility was determined through the study of the hydration heat rates in the first 24 hours and the compressive strength after 7 days of the bamboo-cement composites. The influence of the crystallinity of the fibers was analyzed using X-Ray Diffractometry. Results indicated that the addition of 4% calcium chloride to the blend is the most efficient treatment to decrease the species inhibitory capacity, while treating the raw material with sodium hydroxide adversely affected to the binder. The treatment with cold water presented the highest composite compressive strength and the treatment with silane presented the highest fiber crystallinity index.
RIC Vol 33 Nº1, Abril 2018 by RICUC ICC
The present work describes different stages that the Urban Development Institute (IDU) has addres... more The present work describes different stages that the Urban Development Institute (IDU) has addressed to achieve the adequate and correct application of crumb rubber modified (CRM) asphalt mixtures. The first research stage in the laboratory included an exhaustive analysis of the mechanical properties of the mixtures, according to asphalt mixture typologies used in Colombia. In addition to a brief application on a fatigue carousel to evaluate the deterioration of this type of mixtures under accelerated loading. The second stage deals with the performance analysis and comparison with other types of asphalt mixtures modified with polymers available in the Colombian market. This stage involved the construction of one full-scale pavement test lane with different sections considering asphalt modified with polymers (SBS, SBR), and two sections with rubber asphalt, one through dry process and the other through wet process. As a result of these stages, a technical specification was developed to serve as guidelines for the production and analysis of mixtures added with crumb rubber. Likewise, the environmental advantages of applying this technology in the Colombian context are described.
This paper shows the importance of performing an asynchronous dynamic analysis for some bridge ty... more This paper shows the importance of performing an asynchronous dynamic analysis for some bridge types. First, the existence and damage caused by the asynchronous seismic excitation are explored. Then, the general mathematic expression that describes the movement of structures under non-uniform seismic excitation in its supports and the asynchronous patterns that characterize the asynchronous phenomenon (wave passage, loss of correlation, and local site effect) are introduced. In a general approach, the analysis methods that have been implemented and the design codes that emphasize the importance of asynchronous analysis on bridges are also presented. Finally, the results obtained by some authors interested in bridges subjected to asynchronous seismic excitation for several structural types are discussed.
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RIC Vol 33 Nº3, Diciembre 2018 by RICUC ICC
COST-BIM manages construction projects from its planning, during its execution and until its monitoring and control turning it into a useful software for construction managers that strive to increase the performance of their projects.
RIC Vol 33 Nº2, Agosto 2018 by RICUC ICC
Methods: This work offers a state of the art on the different methods of obtaining solar cold. The review is generated by using the tools offered by the Scopus directory and using the VOSviewer bibliometric analysis software.
Results: Solar thermal cooling in buildings is shown as a trend within these energy practices, followed by photovoltaic solar cooling. Today, the United States of America, Italy, and China are the nations that lead this field. The most fertile research areas in this subject matter are engineering, energy and materials science.
Conclusions: The next few years will be decisive for the development of solar cooling technologies since they depend on the incentives and promotion plans offered by those responsible for formulating environmental and energy efficiency policies for buildings.
RIC Vol 33 Nº1, Abril 2018 by RICUC ICC
COST-BIM manages construction projects from its planning, during its execution and until its monitoring and control turning it into a useful software for construction managers that strive to increase the performance of their projects.
Methods: This work offers a state of the art on the different methods of obtaining solar cold. The review is generated by using the tools offered by the Scopus directory and using the VOSviewer bibliometric analysis software.
Results: Solar thermal cooling in buildings is shown as a trend within these energy practices, followed by photovoltaic solar cooling. Today, the United States of America, Italy, and China are the nations that lead this field. The most fertile research areas in this subject matter are engineering, energy and materials science.
Conclusions: The next few years will be decisive for the development of solar cooling technologies since they depend on the incentives and promotion plans offered by those responsible for formulating environmental and energy efficiency policies for buildings.
These factors are classified into 5 project LC phases: inception phase, design phase, construction phase, operation phase, and demolition phase. A questionnaire survey is adapted in this study. A total of 119 questionnaires were distributed randomly to engineers working in construction projects in the Gaza Strip to solicit their opinions regarding taking sustainability concepts into consideration. The results revealed 10 most important sustainable factors that were taken into consideration by engineers in the LC phases of the construction projects in Gaza Strip, which are classified as follows: 4 factors are classified under the inception phase, 3 factors under the design phase, 2 factors under the construction phase, and 1 factor under operation phase. The most common factors that are taken in consideration are: provision of services, standardization, community amenities, materials choice, and site security.
la ocurrencia de huracanes, para la simulación de las series temporales así como los métodos numéricos existentes.
findings and input on prospective studies are delivered.
finalizar en la última se entregan las conclusiones y aportes sobre posibles futuros estudios.
increase of the deflection capacity of SFRC for the initiation phase of corrosion, which can improve its ductility and bond capacity between the matrix and embedded steel fibers. Finally, equations have been proposed to describe the effect of watery and saline environments in the initiation phase of corrosion on CRFA subjected to bending stresses.
Fatigue tests were performed on 68 specimens of 100 x 100 x 350 mm, at a frequency of 8 Hz, and stresses between 80% and 90% of the modulus of rupture of each mixture. The Weibull probability distribution was used to calculate the fatigue curves with different failure probabilities. For the stress ranges studied, the fatigue life did not increase in the mix with fiber content of 20 kg/m3, but it did increase by 6% to 40 kg/m3 (0.5%) and 25% to 80 kg/m3 (1%), compared with the control mixture.
patrimonio arquitectónico Colombiano y aún se conservan 11 de estas casas en el Departamento de Cundinamarca. Este artículo, presenta los resultados de un estudio desarrollado por los grupos de investigación GRIME y Estructuras & Construcción, donde el objetivo fue estudiar un método de rehabilitación de casas consistoriales de tapia pisada mediante maderas de confinamiento. La investigación se basó en pruebas en mesa vibratoria sobre modelos a escala 1:20, con y sin refuerzo en maderas de confinamiento. Los resultados sugieren que el modelo reforzado tuvo menores desplazamientos sísmicos (69% menos que el modelo sin refuerzo) y que las maderas de confinamiento disminuyeron la fisuración y el agrietamiento de los muros de tapia pisada.
Rev. ing. constr. [online]. 2015, vol.30, n.2, pp. 99-108. ISSN 0718-5073. http://dx.doi.org/10.4067/S0718-50732015000200002
future research topics.