Papers by Anna Józefowska
Scientific Reports, 2024
Clay vessels have a wide variety of functions in social activities in the Hallstatt period. In ad... more Clay vessels have a wide variety of functions in social activities in the Hallstatt period. In addition to food storage and processing, they were used for ritual purposes and as funerary vessels. The paper presents the results of archaeological and chromatographic studies of 31 vases from two different Hallstatt culture sites in lower Silesia (Poland). The investigations included vessels fragments from the Domasław cemetery and from the Milejowice settlement. The chromatographic analyses focused on fatty acids and biomarkers and made it possible to identify the most likely sources of substances they came into contact with during use. The c-means and hierarchical cluster analyses showed that grave vessels differed from settlement ceramics. Thus, conclusions on the diverse vessel functions could be made.
Documenta Praehistorica, 2024
Unique ceremonial vessels such as rhyta, kernoi and pseudokernoi were discovered in a cemetery fr... more Unique ceremonial vessels such as rhyta, kernoi and pseudokernoi were discovered in a cemetery from the Early Iron Age in Domasław (Poland). The appearance of such vessels proves that the societies of the Hallstatt culture adopted cultural ideas, feasting and drinking practises and offerings from the Mediterranean world. GC-MS analyses were carried out on five vessels and compared with pottery from the Domasław cemetery (74 samples) and the nearby settlement of Milejowice (46 samples). The investigations show that the examined vessels probably contained ceremonial drinks and liquids used for offerings and libations during funeral ceremonies.
Documenta Praehistorica, 2023
The article presents the remains of textiles excavated in Early Iron Age cremated graves in the c... more The article presents the remains of textiles excavated in Early Iron Age cremated graves in the cemetery in Domasław (Poland). The fragments were preserved in 62 burials, mainly richly furnished chamber graves, on jewellery, dress accessories, tools, and weapons. The analysis of the contexts of the finds reveals that urns were ‘dressed up’ and textile containers were used. The contextual analysis of the finds provides the basis for the conclusion that their use in funeral ceremonies had a ritualized form. The textiles in the graves confirm the adaptation of the customs of the European Hallstatt elites among the local community.
Założenia rowkowe o charakterze funeralnym ze stanowiska Domasław 10/11/12 / Chrzanów 4, pow. wrocławski, jako przejaw oddziaływań kulturowych / Funeral ditch structures from archaeological site of Domasław 10/11/12 / Chrzanów 4, Wrocław county, as a manifestation of cultural influences, 2022
The most interesting feature discovered in Domasław’s burial ground is the ditched enclosures com... more The most interesting feature discovered in Domasław’s burial ground is the ditched enclosures complex of a funeral character. The oldest complex with a ring trench was dated to the middle Bronze Age (HaA2). This custom reaches its apogee in the early Iron Age (HaC). A total of 26 chamber graves encircled by trenches, as well as another ditch without a burial probably also from this period, were discovered in the cemetery. At the end of the early Iron Age, burial practices within the Domasław necropolis did not cease completely. The category of sepulchral features with a younger chronology should also include the rectangular, nearly quadrangular structures which appear in the La Tène period and even at a later phase using this burial ground. The Domasław burials with surrounding trenches have no analogies in the nearest regions. Excavated circular structures make the largest group of funeral ditches to the north of the Carpathian and Sudeten Mountains. The strong impact from the Hallstatt circle probably led to profound transformation in the sphere of beliefs, ideas, and social stratification. The observed changes in burial rites were also recorded in the form of chamber graves which stand out for their construction and furnishing. The appearance of circular ditches at this burial ground might be also treated as an element of southern influences. The custom of surrounding graves with rectangular ditches recorded in enclaves of the La Tène culture in Poland is undoubtedly the effect of the arrival of Celtic people from the south to these area.
Archäologisches Korrespondenzblatt 51/1, 2021
Przegląd Archeologiczny, 2018
In connection with the planned construction of the Wrocław bypass in the years 2006-2008, the res... more In connection with the planned construction of the Wrocław bypass in the years 2006-2008, the rescue archaeological excavation team of the Wrocław Branch of the Institute of Archaeology and Ethnology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, carried out rescue excavations at the site 10/11/12 in Domasław. The most sensational results were obtained during the excavations of the cemetery of the population of the Lusatian culture, above all from the early phase of the Iron Age, the period when the image of the material culture of this community changed fundamentally. This is showed by the construction and grave goods of nearly 300 Hallstatt chamber graves, containing more than 50 luxury graphite-treated and painted pottery vessels, decorations, toiletry sets, tools, bronze vessels and weapons. At the cemetery, a fragment of a bronze sword’s blade was discovered in a grave dated to the IV/V period of the Bronze Age and seven iron and one bronze sword in the Hallstatt graves, undoubtedly imports from the north-Atlantic manufacturing centre. Metallurgical analyses of bronze artefacts may indicate the Alpine origin of the raw material, they also testify to the small qualities of iron swords for the purposes for which they were intended. In one case, the meteorite origin of the raw material was proved. The fact that swords were put to the graves together with the dead, certainly distinguished the individuals and showed their social position. In the light of many premises obtained during the excavations at the cemetery in Domasław, the sources are a confirmation of contacts, already mentioned in the literature, with the mediterranean civilization, mainly through the Hallstatt cultures.
Śląskie Sprawozdania Archeologiczne, 2018
The analysis of well-preserved early Iron Age chamber graves from the burial ground in Domasław, ... more The analysis of well-preserved early Iron Age chamber graves from the burial ground in Domasław, allows to perceive the entire range of funeral customs of the communities at that time. Beliefs and traditions as well as new cultural contacts imposed a model of burial, funerary architecture, as well as grave-goods. Their selection and distribution indicate the planned use of the space of the chambers and respect the scheme of assembled grave-goods. In the western part of the chambers, the urns were deposited with sets of jewelry and elements of clothing, tools, toilet sets, weapons, in the eastern – disc-shaped plates, moon-idols, pots, the remaining space was associated with drinking and eating sets of vessels. An additional deposition zone in the chamber graves was the pit backfills where the damaged and burned fragments of vessels from the pyre were found. Wooden constructions, prestigious objects and vessels sets from the chamber graves show the high status of the local community included in the network of supra-regional relations of the Hallstatt world. In this funeral group, we can try to capture the model of burial, the rules of its construction, grave-goods, layout and function of things arranged in graves, ensuring the fulfillment of the rites of passage.
ΕΥΔΑΙΜΩΝ. Studies in honour of Jan Bouzek, Opera Facultatis philosophicae Universitatis Carolinae Pragensis vol. XVIII, 2018
We would like to present our observations on the cultural contacts in the south‑western part of P... more We would like to present our observations on the cultural contacts in the south‑western part of Poland in the Early Iron Age. Our remarks are based on the recently excavated sites (Domasław, Milejowice, Stary Śleszów) and those already mentioned in the literature (Kietrz, Łazy, Witnica, Świbie). The formal study of some artefacts indicate that they are not typical for the region where they were found and the parallels point pointing to other origins, both closer (coast of Baltic Sea) and more distant (Hallstatt culture, Etruscan culture, Besarab culture). The emergence of new products resulted in more than their material, tangible presence. The introduction of culturally foreign wares led to other durable and far‑reaching changes in funeral practices, social structure, ways of organizing production, techniques of manufacturing and in architecture. This in turn led to a complete change of the prevailing cultural model, which manifests itself clearly, especially in the social zone. Undoubtedly, the observed changes represent contacts with the dominant cultural centres of Europe at that time, which led to the migration, not only of objects, but also ideas, beliefs and perceptions of the world. The transformation took place under the influence of strong interactions arising from the circle of the Hallstatt culture and from northern Italy, which remained in close contact with the Greek colonies.
RAPORT , 2012
The graveyard from the Early Iron Age discovered at the Domasław site 10-12 (AZP 82-28/89-91), Ko... more The graveyard from the Early Iron Age discovered at the Domasław site 10-12 (AZP 82-28/89-91), Kobierzyce commune, dolnośląskie voivodeship, proves the existence of a local province of the Hallstatt culture and becomes its representative site. Research proves that the Lower Silesia region was used by a society characterised by extensive contacts with the most important cultural centres in the Central Europe of that epoch.
Books by Anna Józefowska
Cmentarzysko z epoki brązu w Domasławiu 10/11/12 i Chrzanowie 4, pow. wrocławski. Tom I. Katalog / The cemetery of the Bronze Age from Domasław 10/11/12 and Chrzanów 4, Wrocław District. Vol. I. Catalogue, 2022
Pozyskane w trakcie badań terenowych materiały z nekropoli z epoki brązu wymagały wieloletnich za... more Pozyskane w trakcie badań terenowych materiały z nekropoli z epoki brązu wymagały wieloletnich zabiegów laboratoryjnych, jak mycie i wyklejanie ceramiki czy konserwacja zabytków metalowych. Wykonane zostały również niezbędne prace dokumentacyjne, rysowanie i fotografowanie zabytków, inwentaryzacja. Tokiem tych prac kierowała mgr I. Dolata-Daszkiewicz, a uczestniczyli w nich przede wszystkim mgr mgr K. Świątek, A. Milanik, M. Sapielak oraz M. Babiarz, M. Stankowska, M. Marciniak i wielu innych. Klasyfikację chronologiczno-kulturową materiałów zabytkowych wykonał prof. dr hab. G. Domański i prof. dr hab. B. Gediga, a analizę typologiczną-prof. dr hab. B. Gediga i mgr mgr K. Nowaczyk, L. Nowaczyk, M. Anioła, A. Zarzycka-Anioła. Konserwacja zabytków metalowych była przeprowadzona w laboratorium Instytutu Archeologii Uniwersytetu Wrocławskiego pod kierunkiem dr Beaty Miazgi oraz w Centralnym Laboratorium Instytutu Archeologii i Etnologii PAN w Warszawie przez Zespół kierowany przez dr. inż. Zdzisława Hensla. Analizę geomorfologiczną badanego obszaru i jego okolic sporządził mgr K. Sadowski z Instytutu Geologii Uniwersytetu im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu (Sadowski 2009). Przygotowany został cykl analiz specjalistycznych i na ich marginesie powstały publikowane opracowania szkła (Purowski 2013) i bursztynu (Łydżba-Kopczyńska et al. 2012). Datowanie 14 C sporządzone zostało w Laboratorium prof. dr hab. T. Goslara na Uniwersytecie im. A. Mickiewicza w Poznaniu (Gediga 2019; Goslar 2019). Analizy antropologiczne materiałów kostnych z grobów wykonane zostały przez Zespół dr. P. Dąbrowskiego z Uniwersytetu Medycznego we Wrocławiu (Dąbrowski 2011). Przepalone materiały kostne pochodzenia zwierzęcego z grobów opracowuje dr R. Abłamowicz z Muzeum Śląskiego w Katowicach, pozyskane kości zwierzęce-dr A. Krupska z Katedry Anatomii i Histologii Wydziału Medycyny Weterynaryjnej Uniwersytetu Przyrodniczego we Wrocławiu, a petrograficzne analizy kamieni z grobów-dr A. Wójcik i dr S. Madej z Instytutu Nauk Geologicznych Uniwersytetu Wrocławskiego. Dodatkowo wykonano badania na obecność kwasów tłuszczowych z uwzględnieniem markerów roślinnych i zwierzęcych z zastosowaniem chromatografii gazowej łączonej ze spektrometrią mas przeprowadzone przez prof. dr. hab. inż. J. Kałużną-Czaplińską i dr A. Rosiak z Politechniki Łódzkiej. Opracowania wyników analiz specjalistycznych znajdą się w kolejnym tomie tej serii.
Cmentarzysko z epoki brązu w Domasławiu 10/11/12 i Chrzanowie 4, pow. wrocławski. Tom II. Tablice. Domasław stan. 10/11/12, 2022
Cmentarzysko z epoki brązu w Domasławiu 10/11/12 i Chrzanowie 4, pow. wrocławski. Tom III. Tablice. Chrzanów stan. 4 / The cemetery of the Bronze Age from Domasław 10/11/12 and Chrzanów 4, Wrocław District. Vol. III. Tables. Chrzanów 4, 2022
Transformation of the funeral rite in the Bronze Age and the Early Iron Age in the light of analysis of sources from the cemetery in Domasław, Wrocław District, and necropolis of the near region (problems of socio-cultural changes), 2019
Uploads
Papers by Anna Józefowska
Books by Anna Józefowska