Articles by Leigh Payne
International Journal of Transitional Justice, Jan 31, 2014
How and why do democratic governments overcome amnesty laws and cultures of impunity to allow for... more How and why do democratic governments overcome amnesty laws and cultures of impunity to allow for trials for past human rights violations? To confront this question, we first identify widespread agreement on four key factors associated with the degree of accountability in a new democracy: civil society demand, domestic judicial leadership, the absence of veto players and international pressure. We then outline the interactions among those factors that lead to four distinct scenarios of overcoming amnesty, from the failure to do so (obstinate amnesties) to successful democratic displacement of amnesties and the proliferation of trials. Because Latin America has had great variation in these accountability pathways, we use it as a test region to examine the dynamic interaction of the four key factors in overcoming impunity. We conclude by considering this new dynamic interaction framework outside Latin America.
Book Chapters by Leigh Payne
Desde tempos imemoriáveis, a mudança de regimes políticos e de concepções de justiça implicam em ... more Desde tempos imemoriáveis, a mudança de regimes políticos e de concepções de justiça implicam em processos de transições nos quais restam arestas. O século XX, marcado por grandes guerras e conflitos, acompanhou diversos desses movimentos, com a gradual consolidação de um ideário democrático sendo construído em todo o ocidente. Um dos principais mecanismos utilizados para a consolidação de transições e supressão de arestas dos processos políticos foi a inserção de leis de anistia no sistema jurídico, não obstante, tal processo é amplamente questionado e muitas dessas anistias, com o passar dos anos erodiram. Expomos a seguir, brevemente, alguns dos principais temas conexos a este debate, que serão enfrentados nos dezesseis textos deste livro, como forma de orientar o leitor quanto aos propósitos e resultados esperados por esta obra coletiva, fruto de conferências e debates ocorridos durante o seminário Amnesty in the Age of Accountability: Brazil in Comparative and International Perspective, promovido em outubro de 2010 no Centro de Estudos Latino-Americanos da Universidade de Oxford (Reino Unido), em copromoção com a Comissão de Anistia do Ministério da Justiça da República Federativa do Brasil.
Books by Leigh Payne
Durante mucho tiempo la transición española se consideró
modélica. Sin embargo, en los últimos añ... more Durante mucho tiempo la transición española se consideró
modélica. Sin embargo, en los últimos años, se ha visto
ampliamente cuestionada, al tiempo que cobraba fuerza la
demanda de justicia y verdad sobre las atrocidades cometidas
por los franquistas en la guerra y la posguerra. El relato
asentado durante la transición invitaba a dejar el pasado
de lado como único modo posible de transitar de forma
pacífica hacia la democracia sustentándose en la idea de
que todos habían sido igualmente culpables de la barbarie
desatada en la contienda. Este pilar fundamental de la
transición comienza a agrietarse a medida que las exhumaciones
de fusilados republicanos perturban el olvido en
el que habían caído las víctimas del franquismo y las confesiones
de los verdugos refieren verdades incómodas sobre
el pasado. Este excelente ensayo, claro y sintético, analiza
cómo ha tenido lugar esta transformación.
Papers by Leigh Payne
Legacies of Violence in Contemporary Spain, 2016
SSRN Electronic Journal, 2017
Guarantees of non-recurrence of mass atrocity crimes are embedded within the United Nations resol... more Guarantees of non-recurrence of mass atrocity crimes are embedded within the United Nations resolutions and declarations on peacebuilding and sustainable development, particularly SDG 16 linking social integration, justice, and sustainable peace. The United Nations and the World Bank recognize the need to channel conflict towards socially regenerative pathways, and work to prevent conflict prior to its effect on the social, economic, and political systems that drive human development. Yet there is a scarcity of empirical investigations into the requisite societal incentives and capabilities for the fostering of local dynamics to reduce the risk of conflict, including the establishment and function of constitutions, human rights institutions, and transitional justice processes. As part of the joint World Bank-United Nations "Sustaining Peace: Making Development Work for the Prevention of Violent Conflicts" project, this study provides an initial exploration of the relationship between these factors and conflict reoccurrence. 1 We use the term "recurrence" because of the adoption of that term in the joint UN-World Bank study. We contend, however, that conflict reoccurrence would more accurately reflect the objective of the study than recurrence. In our view, the UN Special Rapporteur's mandate erroneously uses the "recurrence" terminology. To recur infers a repeated recurrence of an event. However, reoccurrence is where an event happens again but not necessarily repeatedly or multiple times. The objective of the study is to consider any reoccurrence, not only repeated recurrences of conflict. It is our view that the term reoccurrence should replace recurrence in international organizations' usage.
Politics & Gender, 2020
Who is entitled to have rights? This essay examines how right-wing movements attempt to prevent i... more Who is entitled to have rights? This essay examines how right-wing movements attempt to prevent individuals, especially women and members of LGBT groups, from accessing equal rights through the use of terms such as “moral worth” and “family values.” At the core of our discussion of the backlash against social rights in Latin America is the need to compare and contrast the case examined here with similar movements outside the region. The vast enterprise of studies on right-wing movements in Western Europe rarely travels outside a few national boundaries. Eastern Europe and the United States are occasionally included. For the most part, right-wing movements are not seen as comparable. Sometimes the reason for excluding Latin America is expressly stated, particularly because the historical experiences are so distinct—for example, the long duration of personal or military dictatorships. Interpretations of right-wing movements in Latin America by scholars outside the region tend to view ...
SSRN Electronic Journal, 2016
This article presents a new dataset of allegations of corporate human rights abuse in Latin Ameri... more This article presents a new dataset of allegations of corporate human rights abuse in Latin America from 2000-2014. The dataset responds to growing interest in the role of businesses in human rights violations, accountability processes for corporate abuses, and possible remedies for victims. It is the first dataset of its kind that offers a tool for analyzing five types of allegations of corporate human rights abuse (physical violence, development and poverty, health, environment, and labor) and judicial or non-judicial remedy mechanisms associated with each allegation. Initial analysis of the data show results that defy assumptions in the existing literature regarding which sectors are most likely to be targeted in allegations of abuse, who makes claims against companies, and the outcomes of those claims for victims of abuse.
Revealing New Truths about Spain's Violent Past, 2016
The expectation that perpetrators’ confessions would set off a public debate did not occur in Spa... more The expectation that perpetrators’ confessions would set off a public debate did not occur in Spain. When confessions took place, they proved few, fleeting, or fugitive. Perpetrators vanished before a dialogue could begin. Many years had passed since the worst atrocities. Society, still haunted by the memory of these events, wanted to move on. The heroic confessions, which blamed Republicans for the violence that Francoist patriotic forces had to crush, overwhelmed and silenced any alternative version of the past. Spanish society was determined to avoid catalyzing contentious political and social debate over them. This chapter tracks these processes through the confessional acts of Jose Luis de Vilallonga.
Revealing New Truths about Spain's Violent Past, 2016
The grandchildren of the Civil War have profoundly affected Spain’s efforts to sustain the pact o... more The grandchildren of the Civil War have profoundly affected Spain’s efforts to sustain the pact of oblivion by unburying new evidence through the exhumation of mass graves, accompanied by ceremonial acts and testimonies about past violence. The act of unsettling the bones has also unsettled accounts. The grandchildren benefited from timing. This younger generation lived through the period of silence and oblivion, and only acted and challenged it at a safer moment long after the transition. They themselves did not fear negative repercussions for disturbing Spain’s settled past but instead acted as citizens in a democracy, challenging views, posing alternatives, and making demands for dialogue. They seized a very persuasive stage, moreover, a site in which the violence of the past could not be denied. Due to this timing and staging, these political actors also received an audience. The media covered the exhumations, the events that transpired at them, the revelations and denials. In so doing, a debate ensued, the very early beginnings of contentious coexistence.
Revealing New Truths about Spain's Violent Past, 2016
Revealing New Truths about Spain's Violent Past, 2016
A new, settled account emerged during the transition to democracy. The narrative of “we are all g... more A new, settled account emerged during the transition to democracy. The narrative of “we are all guilty” attempted to equalize responsibility for past atrocities. Disturbing confessions on both sides of the Spanish Civil War emerged, however, and they unsettled the accounts of the past. This chapter examines the confessions of perpetrators who live with the trauma of witnessing and committing violent acts under orders or for a cause. It explores the complex layers of complicity in the violence and avoids simplistic notions of good and evil.
Revealing New Truths about Spain's Violent Past, 2016
During the early stages of the Civil War, some of the main military authorities on the Francoist ... more During the early stages of the Civil War, some of the main military authorities on the Francoist side confessed to a plan to use brutal and widespread violence to eliminate the Republican enemy. These heroic confessions failed to provoke outrage due to their timing, staging, and audience. Occurring in the midst of the war, they lacked either a public stage or an audience capable of provoking contestation over them. But this type of heroic narrative, glorifying violence, was conveniently forgotten. A settled account emerged instead that emphasized a self-sacrificing heroic struggle by Francoists against Republican atrocities.
Revealing New Truths about Spain's Violent Past, 2016
part of the material is concerned, specifi cally the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of ... more part of the material is concerned, specifi cally the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfi lms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specifi c statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use.
Amnesty in the Age of Human Rights Accountability Comparative and International Perspectives 2012 Isbn 9781107617339 Pags 336 357, 2012
A Anistia Na Era Da Responsabilizacao O Brasil Em Perspectiva Internacional E Comparada 2011 Isbn 9788585820077 Pags 542 571, 2011
A Anistia Na Era Da Responsabilizacao O Brasil Em Perspectiva Internacional E Comparada 2011 Isbn 9788585820077 Pags 18 31, 2011
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Articles by Leigh Payne
Book Chapters by Leigh Payne
Books by Leigh Payne
modélica. Sin embargo, en los últimos años, se ha visto
ampliamente cuestionada, al tiempo que cobraba fuerza la
demanda de justicia y verdad sobre las atrocidades cometidas
por los franquistas en la guerra y la posguerra. El relato
asentado durante la transición invitaba a dejar el pasado
de lado como único modo posible de transitar de forma
pacífica hacia la democracia sustentándose en la idea de
que todos habían sido igualmente culpables de la barbarie
desatada en la contienda. Este pilar fundamental de la
transición comienza a agrietarse a medida que las exhumaciones
de fusilados republicanos perturban el olvido en
el que habían caído las víctimas del franquismo y las confesiones
de los verdugos refieren verdades incómodas sobre
el pasado. Este excelente ensayo, claro y sintético, analiza
cómo ha tenido lugar esta transformación.
Papers by Leigh Payne
modélica. Sin embargo, en los últimos años, se ha visto
ampliamente cuestionada, al tiempo que cobraba fuerza la
demanda de justicia y verdad sobre las atrocidades cometidas
por los franquistas en la guerra y la posguerra. El relato
asentado durante la transición invitaba a dejar el pasado
de lado como único modo posible de transitar de forma
pacífica hacia la democracia sustentándose en la idea de
que todos habían sido igualmente culpables de la barbarie
desatada en la contienda. Este pilar fundamental de la
transición comienza a agrietarse a medida que las exhumaciones
de fusilados republicanos perturban el olvido en
el que habían caído las víctimas del franquismo y las confesiones
de los verdugos refieren verdades incómodas sobre
el pasado. Este excelente ensayo, claro y sintético, analiza
cómo ha tenido lugar esta transformación.