Electronics and Comm

The performance of Wireless Mesh Networks is not optimal by using the conventional layered protocols (TCP-IP). Then the method of optimization at different layers of the protocol stack (TCP-IP) can help to achieve optimal network performance. This method usually results in a clean-slate protocol architecture that is different from the protocol architecture of WMNs. Such a difference actually demonstrates the need for a cross-layer design. Specific features pertaining to WMNs also show the need for cross-layer optimization across different protocol layers. In this paper, the need for cross layer design in WMNs is discussed first. Later in this paper we will discuss the different cross layer optimization schemes and algorithms between different protocol layers are discussed.

The performance of Wireless Mesh Networks is not optimal by using the conventional layered protocols (TCP-IP). Then the method of optimization at different layers of the protocol stack (TCP-IP) can help to achieve optimal network performance. This method usually results in a clean-slate protocol architecture that is different from the protocol architecture of WMNs. Such a difference actually demonstrates the need for a cross-layer design. Specific features pertaining to WMNs also show the need for cross-layer optimization across different protocol layers. In this paper, the need for cross layer design in WMNs is discussed first. Later in this paper we will discuss the different cross layer optimization schemes and we will compare the performance metrics such as throughput, end-to-end delay and PDR(packet delivery ratio) in multihop wireless sensor networks with and without user cooperative diversity.

In wireless ad hoc networks, a central issue is how to improve the system throughput, delay with low cost. To address this issue, one common approach is the multichannel scheme. Multi-channel Multi-radio (MCMR) is a promising solution because commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) products can be utilized. The performance evaluation of IEEE802.11n in multi-channel multi-radio (MCMR) mobile ad hoc network, based on various performance metrics such as throughput , end-to-end delay, PDR(packet delivery ratio) and routing overhead has been made at different number of channels.

This paper deals with the level control of coupled tanks system using sliding mode control. A standard sliding mode control technique is proposed for the system. To reduce the chattering problem associated with the standard sliding mode control technique integral sliding mode control (ISMC) technique is proposed. The proposed control techniques guarantee the asymptotic stability of the closed loop system. To illustrate the developed control techniques the performance of the system is verified by MATLAB software. The simulation results indicate that the proposed control techniques work well.

The field of analog VLSI design current mode devices has significantly gained importance. Current mode devices such as current conveyors have established their identity as the most demanding devices in the signal processing area due to their high bandwidth, greater linearity, larger dynamic range, low power consumption, simple circuitry and occupy less chip area. In this paper we have proposed a Tunable High Frequency Oscillator that employs the use of only Current Controlled Conveyors and Capacitors. Various simulations have been carried out to obtain the desired results. The outcomes show that by varying Bias Current and capacitor value we get oscillations of different frequencies.

Current mode VLSI devices such as current conveyors have established their identity as the most demanding devices in the area of signal processing due to their high bandwidth, greater linearity, larger dynamic range, low power consumption, simple circuitry and occupy less chip area. CCCIIs are widely used as basic active building blocks to realize various current-mode active filters. The universal filter is among the most popular analog filters as it can provide several standard functions like low pass, high pass, band pass, and band reject and all pass In this paper we have proposed a Tunable Universal Filter that employs the use of only Current Controlled Conveyors and Capacitors. Various simulations have been carried out to obtain the desired results. The outcomes show that the proposed circuit works well as an All Pass Tunable Universal filter.

As the Joint Photographic Experts Group (JPEG) has become an international standard for image compression; we present techniques that allow the processing of an image in the "JPEG-compressed" domain. The goal is to reduce memory requirements while increasing speed by avoiding decompression and space domain operations. In each case, an effort is made to implement the minimum number of JPEG basic operations. In this paper we are reviewing the Wavelet Transform Technique for coding the images. We use the Wavelet Transform instead of Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) and the compressed data is analysed for the size of file on disk. While most of the results apply to any image, we focus on scanned images as our primary source.

The performance of Wireless Mesh Networks is not optimal by using the conventional layered protocols (TCP-IP). Then the method of optimization at different layers of the protocol stack (TCP-IP) can help to achieve optimal network performance. This method usually results in a clean-slate protocol architecture that is different from the protocol architecture of WMNs. Such a difference actually demonstrates the need for a cross-layer design. Specific features pertaining to WMNs also show the need for cross-layer optimization across different protocol layers. In this paper, the need for cross layer design in WMNs is discussed first. Later in this paper we will discuss the different cross layer optimization schemes and algorithms between different protocol layers are discussed.

This paper deals with the level control of coupled tanks system using sliding mode control. A standard sliding mode control technique is proposed for the system. To reduce the chattering problem associated with the standard sliding mode control technique integral sliding mode control (ISMC) technique is proposed. The proposed control techniques guarantee the asymptotic stability of the closed loop system. To illustrate the developed control techniques the performance of the system is verified by MATLAB software. The simulation results indicate that the proposed control techniques work well.

The performance of Wireless Mesh Networks is not optimal by using the conventional layered protocols (TCP-IP). Then the method of optimization at different layers of the protocol stack (TCP-IP) can help to achieve optimal network performance. This method usually results in a clean-slate protocol architecture that is different from the protocol architecture of WMNs. Such a difference actually demonstrates the need for a cross-layer design. Specific features pertaining to WMNs also show the need for cross-layer optimization across different protocol layers. In this paper, the need for cross layer design in WMNs is discussed first. Later in this paper we will discuss the different cross layer optimization schemes and we will compare the performance metrics such as throughput, end-to-end delay and PDR(packet delivery ratio) in multihop wireless sensor networks with and without user cooperative diversity.

With the growth of commercial activity on the internet, a domain name can be said to be used as a business identifier image. A trademark, a design, a logo or an easily remembered picture is a studiously crafted personality profile of an individual, institution, corporation, product or service. Domain name conflicts arise most frequently as a consequence of the practice of cybersquatting [11]. Cybersquatters deliberately exploit the first-come-first-served nature of the domain name registration system and then the squatters either offer to sell the domain to the person or company who owns a trade mark contained within the name at an inflated price. In India, there is no statute law which explicitly refers to dispute resolution in connection with cyber squatting or other domain name disputes. The Trade Marks Act, 1999 used for protecting use of trademarks in domain names is not extraterritorial , therefore, it does not allow for adequate protection of domain names. This paper projects the overview of cybersquatting & its prominent effects in India. With the current legal framework have been highlighted out and formulated a three pronged approach which would go a long way to eradicate these squatters.

Current mode VLSI devices such as current conveyors have established their identity as the most demanding devices in the area of signal processing due to their high bandwidth, greater linearity, larger dynamic range, low power consumption, simple circuitry and occupy less chip area. CCCIIs are widely used as basic active building blocks to realize various current-mode active filters. The universal filter is among the most popular analog filters as it can provide several standard functions like low pass, high pass, band pass, and band reject and all pass In this paper we have proposed a Tunable Universal Filter that employs the use of only Current Controlled Conveyors and Capacitors. Various simulations have been carried out to obtain the desired results. The outcomes show that the proposed circuit works well as an All Pass Tunable Universal filter.

The field of analog VLSI design current mode devices has significantly gained importance. Current mode devices such as current conveyors have established their identity as the most demanding devices in the signal processing area due to their high bandwidth, greater linearity, larger dynamic range, low power consumption, simple circuitry and occupy less chip area. In this paper we have proposed a Tunable High Frequency Oscillator that employs the use of only Current Controlled Conveyors and Capacitors. Various simulations have been carried out to obtain the desired results. The outcomes show that by varying Bias Current and capacitor value we get oscillations of different frequencies.

Over the past years, wireless sensor systems have picked up a global consideration from both the researchers and the genuine clients. It includes a large number of sensing devices, some computing techniques and communication with limited power supplies and processing abilities which collectively work to fulfill a large sensing task. IEEE 802.15.4/ZigBee based Wireless Sensor Networks raise a few issues like Energy Scavenging for the limited power supply. Accordingly good functioning of such system relies upon energies of the wireless motes. This paper presents two analytical models which demonstrate and predict the QoS in terms of throughput, jitter, average end-to-end delay and energy consumption. These two distinct network models based on IEEE 802.15.4 are cluster-based and grid-based, and are simulated using QualNet v 6.1 Simulator.

Solar Photovoltaic (SPV) is a novel technology to harvest solar energy as and when we talk about replacing the conventional grid electricity. The degree of development of a country is measured by the amount of energy used by humans. Energy demand is increasing due to population, urbanization and industrialization. As a result conventional electricity needs to be replaced with non conventional energy resources so as to save the environment from pollution due to increased number of unwanted gases and dust particles in the air. Harmful gases like COx and SO2 in the environment are affecting the Air Quality Index (AQI) and making it difficult for humans to breathe. Solar Energy is a clean and green solution to improve the AQI of the earth. In this research we study and analyze the performance of a grid interactive SPV plant installed at Academic Block-II, Integral University. In this regard, we measure the performance ratio for 4 (four) months. The effect of shading on the PV panel is r...

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) based on the IEEE 802.15.4 MAC and PHY layer standards is a recent trend in the market. It has gained tremendous attention due to its low energy consumption characteristics and low data rates. However, for larger networks minimizing energy consumption is still an issue because of the dissemination of large overheads throughout the network. This consumption of energy can be reduced by incorporating a novel cooperative caching scheme to minimize overheads and to serve data with minimal latency and thereby reduce the energy consumption. This paper explores the possibilities to enhance the energy efficiency by incorporating a cooperative caching strategy.

Reliability and Energy Consumption issues in large ubiquitous Wireless Sensor Networks are a cause of concern especially because there is an inherent conflict between the two: an increase in reliability usually leads to an increase in energy consumption. Conversely, energy conservation has been a priority research concern in wireless sensor nodes. Data aggregation from various nodes and its transmission to the sink node through multiple hops which is important for network reliability increases the overall energy consumption in the network. Several schemes were proposed in the past to address the reliability needs and also to minimize the energy consumption in the network. In this context, this paper proposes a novel strategy for IEEE802.15.4/ZigBee based networks by incorporating a Distributed Energy Aware Routing (DEAR) protocol with a localized Cooperative Caching algorithm that addresses the query generated by a requester node or sink node with datum already existing in the local...

Considering Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) in today's scenario, sending and receiving uninterrupted sensory data remains a challenge to achieve with minimal latency and energy consumption as low as possible. Energy consumption is exponentially growing in computing devices such as computers, embedded systems, portable devices, and wireless sensor networks. Extensive research has been in practice recently to minimize energy consumption without compromising the Quality of Service (QoS) that is to provide data to the requester node with minimum Delay and high Reliability. In this paper, a cooperative caching algorithm is used with the proposed Distributed Energy Aware Routing (DEAR) protocol that attempts to minimize energy consumption by reducing the packet overhead in the network and also providing the data to the requester with minimum delay by retrieving requested datum from the nearby caching node available in the vicinity of the requester or sink node. The simulation results clearly show that the energy consumption is less when the grid-based analytical model is used against the star/cluster based model while keeping the same necessary attributes.

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) based on the IEEE 802.15.4 MAC and PHY standards are a recent trend in the market. Due to its low power consumption characteristics and low data rate, it gained a lot of attention. However, for large networks, spreading of overheads over the entire network is still a problem. The energy consumption can be reduced by minimizing overhead by combining new collaborative caching schemes and providing data with minimal latency, thereby reducing energy consumption. This article explores the possibility of improving energy efficiency by consolidating caching strategies.