Chemistry

This paper will provide an outline of the dissolved pollutants and their removal techniques from water and wastewater. Dissolved impurities are omnipresent in all kinds of water like ground water, surface water and other industrial sewage. Many methods are available for the treatment of dissolved pollutants. Rather than the conventional methods such as membrane technology, coagulation- flocculation method, electro dialysis, and ion exchange method for removing dissolved impurities from a different kind of water, the applicability of the adsorption technique is a simple, economical and the most potential one. Adsorbents may be conventional and non-conventional. Activated carbon and silica gel are included in conventional materials. Activated carbon is preferred material for removing pharmaceutical waste, heavy metals, and dyes from an aqueous medium. They can remove larger and smaller particles from water and wastewater due to their porosity. Among non-conventional methods, clay mine...

Article Info Thin layer chromatography (TLC) is considered as an efficient analytical technique used for the monitoring and identification of the adsorption behaviour of different amino acids through soil as a stationary phase amended with polyvinyl acetate at different concentration. The study gives complete idea about the mobility of four different uncharged amino acids namely glycine, alanine, tryptophan and glutamine in terms of retention factor by thin layer chromatography. Among four amino acids, highest mobility was found in case of glycine. The order of mobility was found to be in order of glycine > alanine > tryptophan > glutamine in which distilled water has been used as a mobile phase. It has been observed from the results that pH and electrical conductivity also influence mobility of amino acids. The influence of activation temperature and particle size of soil on the mobility of amino acids was also studied.

Persistent hiccup is a rare condition, occasionally caused by central nervous system abnormalities. We report a 55 year old patient with daily hiccup events. A EEG recording showed sharp and slow activity over bilateral occipital region with generalization. This is the description of an epileptic patient with hiccups as the main seizure manifestation. The electrophysiological findings suggest a complex form of epilepsy and polysynaptic impulse transmission.

This paper will provide an outline of the dissolved pollutants and their removal techniques from water and wastewater. Dissolved impurities are omnipresent in all kinds of water like ground water, surface water and other industrial sewage. Many methods are available for the treatment of dissolved pollutants. Rather than the conventional methods such as membrane technology, coagulation- flocculation method, electro dialysis, and ion exchange method for removing dissolved impurities from a different kind of water, the applicability of the adsorption technique is a simple, economical and the most potential one. Adsorbents may be conventional and non-conventional. Activated carbon and silica gel are included in conventional materials. Activated carbon is preferred material for removing pharmaceutical waste, heavy metals, and dyes from an aqueous medium. They can remove larger and smaller particles from water and wastewater due to their porosity. Among non-conventional methods, clay mine...

Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Kurukshetra-136 119, Haryana, India E-mail : [email protected] Department of Civil Engineering, Lingaya's University, Faridabad-121 002, Haryana, India Manuscript received online 28 August 2014, revised 05 April 2015, accepted 16 April 2015 Food industry is a major source of waste water pollution. Several techniques are available to remove pollutants from food industry waste water. One of the promising technologies for the removal of pollutants from food industry waste water is coagulation and flocculation. In the present work, various coagulants like lime, alum and ferrous sulphate were applied on waste water to select the suitable one with optimum removal efficiencies for further treatment with polyelectrolytes. Parameters such as turbidity, Total suspended solids (<strong>TSS</strong>), Chemical oxygen demand (<strong>COD</strong>), Biological oxygen demand (<strong>BOD</strong&...

Department of Applied Chemistry, Z. H. College of Engineering & Technology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh-202 002, India Department of Chemistry, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh-202 002, India <em>Manuscript received R June 1999, reivsed 21 February 2000, accepted 3 March 2000</em> The effects of some organic compounds, viz. formic acid, acetic acid, methanol, ethanol, formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, acetone and ethyl methyl ketone on the mobility of some trace metals, viz. Co, Zn, Cu, Ag and Pb through soil amended with fly ash have been invstigated in an alkaline fine sandy loam soil of Aligarh district (U.P.). The results indicate decrease in the mobility of trace metals with increasing dosage of fly ash in soil but with a variation in intensity by use of organic compound as a mobile phase. The mobility order is Co > Zn > Cu > Ag > Pb in case of organic acids and alcohols, and Co > Cu > Zn > Ag > Ph for aldehydes and ketones. The effect of ...

Carbon Capture is the process by which carbon dioxide (CO2) is isolated from other gases That are produced as a result of fossil fuel combustion or other industrial processes. According to the National Energy Technology Laboratory, up to 95% of CO2 gas Generated in these ways can be prevented from entering the atmosphere. After CO2 is captured, it must be compressed and Transported to a storage site. Carbon Sequestration refers to the underground storage of captured CO2 in specific geological formations. CO2 is injected under such high pressure during sequestration that it becomes liquid [16]The International Energy Agency (IEA) has estimated that the world energy demand will increase with more than 50% by 2030 and fossil fuel will contribute to more than 80% of the world energy consumption by 2030. Therefore, the world faces the climate change challenge and global concern of reducing GHG emissions (especially carbon dioxide-CO2) that result mainly from the combustion of fossil fuel...

Water is an essential component for survival of living beings globally. Water is being polluted day by day by anthropogenic sources. Rapid industrialization and urbanization play key roles for polluting the water. A lot of soluble and insoluble materials act as contaminants or pollutants for making water not usable. Inorganic materials such as heavy metals, ions and organic materials such as phenol and phenolic compounds are heavily released by the industry in the water. WHO and EPA recommended some values for these contaminants in water. Above the value of these contaminants from the recommended values may cause harmful effects for human beings as well as other living organisms. The aim of this study is to identify the sources of various types of inorganic and organic contaminants and their removal techniques from the water.

The soil is a significant element of the landscape because it affects the crops, distribution of natural vegetation and human settlements across the landscape. Soil contains organic matter, liquids, gases as well as numerous microbes. Soil quality monitoring plays the most important role in sustainable crop production. Monitoring of soil using traditional methods requires many tests to be conducted in order to predict the soil quality. Soil testing entails the analysis of a soil sample from a specific land that includes estimation of pH, electrical conductivity for moisture content, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium (NPK) level, temperature, etc. There are many challenges for direct monitoring of soil quality in terms of its chemical, biological and physical characteristics. However, with the advancement in sensor technology, certain sensors for soil quality monitoring have been developed and commercially available too. In this paper, the design and development of available sensor mon...

Food industry is a major source of waste water pollution. Several techniques are available to remove pollutants from food industry waste water. One of the promising technologies for the removal of pollutants from food industry waste water is coagulation and flocculation. In the present work, various coagulants like lime, alum and ferrous sulphate were applied on waste water to select the suitable one with optimum removal efficiencies for further treatment with polyelectrolytes. Parameters such as turbidity, Total suspended solids (TSS), Chemical oxygen demand (COD), Biological oxygen demand (BOD) and oil and grease content were evaluated. On the basis of results, lime was proven to be the most efficient inorganic coagulant for further treatment. It could remove 55.2% turbidity, 51% TSS, 49.6% COD, 51% BOD and 51% oil and grease at its optimum dosage of 50 mg/L. Generation of sludge in the coagulation-flocculation process was also studied. The volume of sludge was 22.5 mg/L at the optimum dosage of lime. Further cationic polyelectrolyte Organopol 5470C and anionic polyelectrolyte Chemfloc 430A were also studied in conjunction with lime. Organopol 5470C in conjunction with lime showed better result because of low dosage, maximum pollutant removal and minimum quantity of sludge generation. It could remove 94% turbidity, 95.5% TSS, 83.5% COD, 89% BOD and 92.5% oil and grease; whereas Chemfloc 430A in conjunction with lime could remove 91.2% turbidity, 90% TSS, 77.8% COD, 83% BOD and 86.8% oil and grease. The volume of sludge produced while using polyelectrolyte and lime together was much lower than using lime alone. The amount of sludge produced in case of Organopol 5470C and lime together is 8.9 mg/L, while sludge generation by Chemfloc 430A in conjunction with lime is 10.4 mg/L.