Papers by Luc Schueremans
Advanced Materials …, Jan 1, 2010
Abstract In restoration works compatibility requirements of repair mortars are defined based on t... more Abstract In restoration works compatibility requirements of repair mortars are defined based on the original mortar characteristics, but the efficiency and the performance of the repair mortars after application on masonry are not generally evaluated. From this perspective, original ...
International Journal of Architectural Heritage, 2007
Thanks to its speed and accuracy, terrestrial laser scanning is gaining importance in the field o... more Thanks to its speed and accuracy, terrestrial laser scanning is gaining importance in the field of architectural and cultural heritage. Laser scanners are field-of-view devices that offer a dense point-wise sampling of an object's geometry. The first part of this article addresses the question whether laser scanning produces sufficiently accurate results to be used for deformation monitoring of historical structures. A test setup using a masonry arch was prepared in which different scenarios were simulated.
Proceedings of the CIPA XXII International Symposium: Digital Documentation, Interpretation & Presentation of Cultural Heritage, Oct 15, 2009
Thanks to its speed and accuracy, terrestrial laser scanning is gaining importance in the field o... more Thanks to its speed and accuracy, terrestrial laser scanning is gaining importance in the field of architectural and cultural heritage. Laser scanners are field-of-view devices that offer a dense point-wise sampling of an object's geometry. The first part of this article addresses the question whether laser scanning produces sufficiently accurate results to be used for deformation monitoring of historical structures. A test setup using a masonry arch was prepared in which different scenarios were simulated. The structure was scanned at ...
International Journal of Architectural Heritage, 2007
Construction and Building Materials, 2011
Repair mortars used for restoration are assumed to be highly compatible with historic materials i... more Repair mortars used for restoration are assumed to be highly compatible with historic materials in terms of physical, chemical and mechanical properties in order to assure the durability of masonry on the long term. Compatibility criteria are defined based on the original mortar ...
Advanced Materials Research, 2010
Abstract In restoration works compatibility requirements of repair mortars are defined based on t... more Abstract In restoration works compatibility requirements of repair mortars are defined based on the original mortar characteristics, but the efficiency and the performance of the repair mortars after application on masonry are not generally evaluated. From this perspective, original ...
Earth, as a building material, has been used since ancient times, and is still being used with th... more Earth, as a building material, has been used since ancient times, and is still being used with that purpose. It was used for building shelters, houses, temples and even military constructions, like fortresses. As a consequence, currently, there is a great architectural heritage stock on this kind of constructions. Nevertheless, earthen materials are very sensitive when compared with modern materials, since they are more vulnerable to external aggressive agents, revealing most of the times a faster degradation rate. From a structural perspective they present a very low tensile strength, a low compressive strength and a fragile behaviour, making the earthen structures strongly vulnerable to earthquakes. The structural damage in this kind of structures manifests, in general, in the form of cracks or voids. Repairing these cracks is fundamental in order to obtain an improved structural behaviour, especially if the earth construction was built in a seismic zone. Injecting mud grouts may ...
Southern Portugal presents a rich heritage constituted by several constructions made from unstabi... more Southern Portugal presents a rich heritage constituted by several constructions made from unstabilised rammed earth (URE), which are threatened by several factors, ranging from lack of conservation to a non-negligible seismic hazard. These threatens are enhanced by the fact that little is known about the shear behaviour of URE constructions. The preservation of this heritage requires definitely the development of this knowledge and, in addition, the development of adequate intervention solutions. This paper presents an experimental program where the shear behaviour of URE is assessed by means of diagonal compression tests on representative wallet-specimens. Furthermore, the use of mud grouts in repairing cracks was also assessed. The results showed that the shear behaviour of URE depends on the binding capacity promoted by the clay fraction and on the friction and interlocking promoted by the coarse aggregates. The repair by injection was shown to promote satisfactory shear strength recovery of the specimens, but was less effective in recovering the initial shear stiffness.
Vernacular Heritage and Earthen Architecture, 2013
ABSTRACT This paper assesses the adhesion capacity of unmodified mud grouts used to repair struct... more ABSTRACT This paper assesses the adhesion capacity of unmodified mud grouts used to repair structural cracks on medium and large scale rammed earth specimens. Beam and wallet-specimens were manufactured using a soil from Alentejo (Portugal), whose particle size distribution had to be first corrected due to its high clay content. An “artificial” (composed by kaolin and limestone powder) and a “natural” (composed by sieved soil and limestone powder) mud grout were used to repair the specimens, which were previously tested under three-point bending and diagonal-compression and then retested. The grout injection shown to provide satisfactory results regarding the adhesion capacity, but only if it is performed with the “natural” mud grout.
Building Pathology and Rehabilitation, 2013
ABSTRACT The conservation and rehabilitation of several sites of cultural heritage and of the lar... more ABSTRACT The conservation and rehabilitation of several sites of cultural heritage and of the large housing stock built from rammed earth requires adopting intervention techniques that aim at their repair or strengthening. The present work discusses the main causes of the decay of rammed earth constructions. The intervention techniques used to repair cracks and lost volumes of material are also discussed. Regarding the strengthening of rammed earth walls, the discussion is focused on the techniques that improve the out-of-plane behaviour. Special attention is given to the injection of mud grouts for crack repair in rammed earth walls, including the presentation of the most recent developments on the topic, namely regarding their fresh-state rheology, hardened-state strength and adhesion. Finally, the use of the rammed earth is discussed as a modern building solution. In addition, several typical techniques for improving rammed earth constructions are dis-cussed, aiming at adequate those to modern demands. In addition, the alkaline activation of fly ash is presented and discussed as a novel improvement technique
Materials and Structures, 2012
The conservation and rehabilitation of several sites of cultural heritage and of the large housin... more The conservation and rehabilitation of several sites of cultural heritage and of the large housing stock built from earth requires the development of techniques and materials compatible with this kind of construction.
Abstract A good condition of the structural elements of an earth construction is essential for a ... more Abstract A good condition of the structural elements of an earth construction is essential for a good global structural behaviour. Therefore, the absence of major cracks is essential. Repairing cracks by using traditional techniques, involving the partial or the total reconstructions of the structural elements, constitutes a very intrusive solution that must, necessarily, be avoided in the case of historical earth constructions. Grouting constitutes an alternative and more practical solution for solving this problem. However, the design of the grouts for earth constructions demands the implementation of a methodical process that accounts both for the structural and durability demands of the construction. Previous works showed that the injection of mud grouts is a reliable and feasible solution. However, the knowledge developed is still very limited, hindering the further development of a methodology for designing mud grouts for earth constructions. Therefore, in this paper an initial methodology proposal for the design of mud grouts is presented and discussed. This results from an ongoing research that aims at the development of suitable grouts for earth constructions.
Advanced Materials Research, Oct 1, 2010
Abstract In restoration works compatibility requirements of repair mortars are defined based on t... more Abstract In restoration works compatibility requirements of repair mortars are defined based on the original mortar characteristics, but the efficiency and the performance of the repair mortars after application on masonry are not generally evaluated. From this perspective, original ...
This paper aims to estimate the structural reliability of a car front cradle's FE model. Traditio... more This paper aims to estimate the structural reliability of a car front cradle's FE model. Traditional methods, such as FORM and Monte Carlo, and Adaptive Response Surface methods are assessed for their ability to accurately predict the systemlevel failure probability in a reasonable amount of time.
One class of the recently developed subspace identification algorithms identifies stochastic line... more One class of the recently developed subspace identification algorithms identifies stochastic linear time-invariant systems. Therefore these algorithms are useful for the determination of the modal parameters of a vibrating structure excited by unmeasured ambient loading. After the introduction, the stochastic subspace identification technique is explained. The relation between on the one hand, the model of the vibrating structure and on the other hand, the stochastic system model is made clear. As a side result of this relation the modal parameters are extracted from the system matrices. Finally the technique is applied to experimental data generated under both laboratory and in-situ conditions.
The capacity of a structure can be enhanced using the technique of externally bonded reinforcemen... more The capacity of a structure can be enhanced using the technique of externally bonded reinforcement. By adding extra reinforcement, the flexural capacity, the flexural stiffness and the shear capacity are influenced. Steel cord reinforced polymer (SCRP) is a new material that can be used as external reinforcement. It consists of thin high-strength steel fibres which are bundled into cords. These cords are woven into unidirectional sheets with a synthetic textile. This innovative material combines the advantages of steel plates and CFRP, which are already used today. The material cost is relatively low compared to CFRP. Moreover, it is quite flexible and SCRP is as strong as CFRP. Hence, the new composite enables the same applications as steel plates and CFRP sheets and laminates, but also new application challenges can be tackled: shear strengthening of complex shapes, wrapping of rectangular beams, and improved uses of pre-stressing. Different prototypes of SCRP are investigated to develop an optimal type of SCRP for the different applications.
This paper deals with the quay-wall of the new container terminal at Zeebrugge Harbor, Belgium, w... more This paper deals with the quay-wall of the new container terminal at Zeebrugge Harbor, Belgium, which is protected against chloride ingress. For this purpose a water repellent agent based on isobutyltriethoxysilane was applied immediately after construction in 1993 and evaluated in a preliminary research program. To judge the in service effectiveness of the water repellent treatment, three subsequent on-site surveys have been conducted in 1996, 1998, and 2005. The obtained data are used to feed the deterioration models related to the chloride ingress into the structure and to the increase of carbonation depth. As a result, the failure probability for the durability limit state function related to the preset service life is estimated. The latter is compared with general accepted target failure probabilities. Because of the long-term data sequence, the long-term effectiveness and thus durability of the treatment can be assessed in an objective way.
Water repelling compounds are being used to avoid chloride ingress in concrete structures in mari... more Water repelling compounds are being used to avoid chloride ingress in concrete structures in marine environment. A silane-based compound was applied in 1993 on the quay-wall of a new container terminal in Zeebrugge harbor. The effect on the ingress of chlorides could be evaluated in two measuring campaigns, one in 1996 and one in 1998, through chloride content determination on cores. A comparison is made between treated and untreated zones, as well as the specific effect above and in the tidal zone. The experimental data are also used in a probabilistic mathematical model to predict the lifetime of the reinforced concrete structure.
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Papers by Luc Schueremans