Papers by Mustafa Çiçekler
Thermal Science and Engineering Progress, 2023
This study introduces a novel wall-covering element consisting of wallpapers (WP) impregnated wit... more This study introduces a novel wall-covering element consisting of wallpapers (WP) impregnated with Phase Change Material (PCM), with the aim of enhancing thermal properties and providing effective thermal regulation performance in interior spaces. The study conducts practical investigations into the thermal attributes of wallpapers (WPs) impregnated with Dodecyl alcohol (DDA) as the chosen PCM, culminating in a leakage-free WP/ DDA wall covering element. The process of impregnating involved applying liquid DDA to the back side of the WP using a manual coating apparatus. Four distinct DDA ratios, ranging from 0% to 20% by mass of WP, were applied. The chemical compatibility of the developed WP/DDA composite was explored using Fourier Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). The thermal energy storage (TES) properties were assessed through Differential Scanning Calorimeter (DSC) analysis, and the thermo-regulative performance of the WP/DDA composite was evaluated in laboratory-scale test rooms under real weather conditions. The DSCoutcomesexposed that melting temperature and latent heat capacity of WP/DDA were 21.78 • C and 26.9 J/g, respectively.The thermoregulation tests showed that the prepared WP/DDAsignificantly reduce interior room temperature fluctuation and can maintain indoor temperature longer in comfortable temperature ranges. The largest difference between the reference room and test room was observed to be about 2℃. The room temperature was cooler for about 9 h 53 min during day times for the DDA case.The results designated that the developed WP/DDA composite could be evaluated as a promising new kind of building wall covering element for reducing the cooling load of room.
Drewno, 2023
Article info The suitability of Eucalyptus grandis bark and root for the pulp and paper industry ... more Article info The suitability of Eucalyptus grandis bark and root for the pulp and paper industry was investigated. The bark of E. grandis was cooked using sodium borohydride (NaBH4) in the kraft process , while the root of E. grandis was cooked using the soda-anthraquinone (AQ) process. Four different charges (0.0, 0.3, 0.5, 0.7%) of NaBH4 and AQ used as catalysts were added to the cooking liquor used in the processes. The chemical, mechanical and optical properties of the produced pulps were investigated and characterized. The yields, viscosity values, kappa numbers, as well as the brightness, tensile, burst and tear indices of the pulps were determined. The yield (RP: 39.1%, BP: 36.8%), viscosity value (RP: 897 cm 3 /g, BP: 650 cm 3 /g) and the kappa numbers (RP: 90, BP: 50) of the pulps produced from the root (RP) were higher than those of the pulps produced from bark (BP). The catalysts generally affected all the pulp properties, improving the properties of BP and RP. It was concluded that E. grandis bark and root can be suitable for the pulp and paper industry.
Turkish Journal of Forestry, 2023
The addition of sodium borohydride (NaBH4) to peroxide bleaching has been investigated for its ef... more The addition of sodium borohydride (NaBH4) to peroxide bleaching has been investigated for its effects on the bleaching yield, mechanical and optical properties of Pinus brutia and wheat straw pulps. The pulps were subjected to four different bleaching conditions by adding charges of NaBH4 at 0%, 0.5%, 1.0%, and 1.5%, while keeping a constant hydrogen peroxide charge of 7%. The use of NaBH4 in the peroxide bleaching processes of the two pulps increased the bleaching yields. The results show that the addition of NaBH4 significantly improved the mechanical properties of the pulps, including tensile and burst indices. The optical properties of the pulps were also improved with the addition of NaBH4. The increase in mechanical and optical properties can be attributed to the reduction of residual hydrogen peroxide and the removal of metal ions, while the decrease in yellowness is due to the removal of metal ions that can cause oxidative degradation of the pulp. The findings of this study suggest that the addition of NaBH4 as an additive in peroxide bleaching is a promising approach to improve the mechanical and optical properties of P. brutia and wheat straw pulps, which can be further explored in future research.
ACS Omega, 2023
This study aims to investigate the impact of coating with ground calcium carbonate (GCC) on the o... more This study aims to investigate the impact of coating with ground calcium carbonate (GCC) on the optical properties and filler content of white top testliner (WTT) papers. The paper properties investigated include brightness, whiteness, opacity, color coordinates, and yellowness. The results showed that the amount of filler mineral used in the coating process significantly affected the optical properties of the paper. The use of 15% total solids of GCC in the coating suspension resulted in the highest level of whiteness and improved the brightness value by 6.8%. The use of 7% total solids of starch and 15% total solids of GCC reduced the yellowness index by 85%. However, the use of only 7 and 10% total solids of starch had an adverse effect on the yellowness values. The surface treatment led to a significant increase in the filler content of the papers, with a maximum of 23.8% achieved using a coating suspension with 10% total solids of starch solution, 15% total solids of GCC suspension, and 1% dispersant. The starch and GCC in the coating suspension were found to have a direct impact on the filler content of the WTT papers. The addition of a dispersant improved the uniform distribution of the filler minerals and increased the filler content of the WTT. The water resistance of WTT papers increases due to the use of GCC, while their surface strength remains at an acceptable level. The study demonstrates the potential benefits of the surface treatment in terms of cost savings and provides valuable information on the impact of the treatment on the properties of WTT papers.
Pigment & Resin Technology, 2023
Purpose-The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of a pigment coating on the mecha... more Purpose-The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of a pigment coating on the mechanical properties of fluting paper. Design/methodology/approach-Two different calcium carbonate pigments were used in the preparation of the coated color, precipitated calcium carbonate (PCC) and ground calcium carbonate (GCC). Fluting paper produced by recycling waste paper was used as base paper. The effects of PCC and GCC pigments on mechanical properties were compared. Ring crush test (RCT), corrugating medium test (CMT), corrugating crush test (CCT), tensile and burst strength tests were applied to the coated papers, and the results were compared to the mechanical properties of base paper. Findings-The tensile and burst indices of the coated papers were found to be higher than base papers about 13.9% and 6.05%, respectively. While the coating process positively affected the RCT and CCT values, it did not show a significant impact on the CMT values. GCC, one of the pigments used in coating colors, had a more effective effect on the mechanical properties of fluting papers compared to PCC. Originality/value-These results suggest that coating of fluting papers has a positive effect on mechanical properties and the use of GCC as a pigment is more effective than PCC.
Drvna Industrija, 2022
In this study, the usability of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) stalks in pulp and paper production... more In this study, the usability of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) stalks in pulp and paper production was investigated. Firstly, chemical components and fiber morphological properties were determined to investigate the suitability of okra stalks for pulp and paper production. Holocellulose, cellulose and lignin contents were found as 76.1 %, 46.4 % and 16.0 %, respectively and the fiber length, fiber width and cell wall thickness were measured as 0.64 mm, 16.97 µm and 3.66 µm, respectively. According to these data, it has been determined that okra stalks are suitable for pulp and paper production. Four different cooking experiments were carried out by adding sodium borohydride (NaBH 4) in different proportions (0 %, 0.3 %, 0.5 %, 0.7 %) to okra stalks by the alkali sulfite method. The yield, chemical, physical and optical properties of the pulps were determined and optimum properties were obtained from the cooking experiment by adding up to 0.7 % NaBH 4 into cooking liquor. With the addition of 0.7 % NaBH 4 , pulp yield, breaking length, and burst index increased about 7.73 %, 3.84 %, and 11 %, respectively. Consequently, it has been concluded that pulp produced from okra stalks can be used in the paper industry by blending with long or recycled fibers in certain proportions.
Drvna industrija, 2017
The study was carried out to evaluate Linter Cellulose (LC) as an alternative raw material for ti... more The study was carried out to evaluate Linter Cellulose (LC) as an alternative raw material for tissue paper production. Since LC is generally dark brown in color, it must be bleached before being used in tissue paper production. Bleaching process was applied to LC after impurities and oils were removed. LC was bleached in 9 different conditions with sodium hypochlorite (NaClO). The optical and physical properties of LC were measured in accordance with relevance standards in order to determine optimum bleaching condition. The best results in the optical properties were obtained by bleaching with 12 % NaClO. The whiteness, brightness, and yellowness values were found as 67.54, 64.39, and 6.20, respectively. The physical properties of bleached LC were not suitable for tissue paper production. For this reason, LC and wood fi bers (WF) were mixed at certain rates to produce tissue paper. The physical and optical properties of the paper obtained from the mixtures were analyzed to determine the optimum mixing ratio. The results showed that 40 % LC and 60 % WF mixtures can be used in tissue paper products. The important physical properties for tissue paper were Water Retention Value(WRV) and Water Absorption Time (WAT) and these values were found as 293.6 g•m-2 and 1.67 s. WRV and WAT of LC were found to be better than those of WF (267 g•m-2 and 2.62 s). As a result, when considering the shortage of pulp and paper raw material, the use of LC in tissue paper production would contribute signifi cantly to procuring the raw material and providing economic production.
Cellulose Chemistry and Technology, 2022
This study aimed to determine the effects of butylamine treatment on cellulose fibers during the ... more This study aimed to determine the effects of butylamine treatment on cellulose fibers during the recycling processes. Three recycling stages have been carried out and two different butylamine (Ba) treatments (5.0% and 7.5%) were applied to old corrugated containers (OCC) papers during recycling. After each recycling process, papers were produced and the mechanical and optical properties of these papers were measured. SEM images and FTIR spectra were taken and the crystallinity index of the cellulose fiber was calculated by the XRD peak height method. Some improvement (11.0-15.2%) in paper brightness with the Ba treatment was realized in the third recycling stage, while yellowness values typically decreased by 1-2 points. Chemical treatments resulted in definite differences in water absorptiveness (Cobb value) for papers. The highest water absorptiveness of 160.0 g/m 2 was observed with a 7.5% Ba treatment in the second recycling stage (75Ba2), indicating a value about 15.6% higher than that of the control. The highest tensile and burst indices were observed with 7.5% Ba treatment in the third recycling stage, indicating approx. 28.7% higher tensile and 34.5% burst indices, compared to the control at similar recycling stages. In contrast, the highest tear strengths of 4.54 Nm 2 /g, followed by 3.86 Nm 2 /g, were observed for untreated samples in the second and first recycling stage, respectively. The butylamine treatment in the recycling processes increased the cellulose crystallinity more (1.3%), compared to the control. It seems that the strength properties of recycled paper, such as tensile and burst, are closely related to the individual fiber strength and fiber bonding potential, which are typically reduced in recycling, but could be improved by Ba treatment..
Bilge International Journal of Science and Technology Research, 2022
In this study, the evaluability of chickpea stalks generated after harvest in chickpea production... more In this study, the evaluability of chickpea stalks generated after harvest in chickpea production was investigated in pulp and paper production. Also, paper production was carried out by blending the chickpea stalk fibers with primary and secondary fibers in certain proportions and the effects of chickpea stalk fibers on the paper properties were determined. The modified kraft method was used in the pulping of chickpea stalks and anthraquinone (AQ) was added to the cooking liquor as a catalyst. Some chemical, mechanical and optical properties of the pulps produced with the addition of different AQ charges were compared and the 0.7% AQ added cooking experiment gave the best results. The yield and viscosity values of the chickpea stalk pulps increased by 12.6% and 34.2%, respectively and the kappa number decreased by 46.7% with the addition of 0.7% AQ to cooking liquor. Paper production was carried out by blending the fibers obtained from an optimum cooking condition with primary and secondary fibers at certain rates and the effects of chickpea stalk fibers on the paper properties were examined. Depending on the amount of chickpea stalk fibers, the mechanical properties of the papers produced with secondary fibers and the optical properties of the papers produced with primary fibers improved. The strength losses that occur during the recycling of waste paper could be reduced by blending the chickpea stalk fibers with secondary fibers and it is possible to produce various paper types such as writingprinting paper by blending the short fiber chickpea stalk fibers and long fibers.
Bimass Conversion and Biorefinery, 2022
This study aimed to evaluate eggshell wastes, which have the potential to turn into high value-ad... more This study aimed to evaluate eggshell wastes, which have the potential to turn into high value-added products in paper industry. Membrane-removed eggshell wastes were subjected to certain processes of washing, drying, grinding, and sieving. The final product of eggshell calcium carbonate (ECC) was used in office paper production as filler, and its possible effect on physical and optical properties of papers was investigated. Mixed office wastes were turned pulp using as raw material of office paper production. Moreover, the effects of ECC was compared with the use of industrial calcium carbonates of ground (GCC) and precipitated (PCC) forms as filler. Breaking lengths of the papers were shown to reduce up to 65.2, 76.6, and 64.1% by a 30% usage of GCC, PCC, and ECC fillers, respectively. PCC and GCC were more effective in improved optical properties of papers than ECC. The brightness values were measured to be 96.8, 98.4, and 93.1 ISO% with a 30% dosage of GCC, PCC, and ECC fillers, respectively. These results suggested that ECC can be used as filler in paper industry.
Mining, 2022
In this study, the use of modified calcite as a filler in fluting paper production was investigat... more In this study, the use of modified calcite as a filler in fluting paper production was investigated and its effects on retention and some mechanical properties of the papers were determined. Ground calcium carbonate (GCC/calcite) and cationic starch were used for modification. Filler modification with alum effect of CPAM resulted in starch-calcite encapsulation. Produced modified calcite (MC) was used in fluting paper production at certain dosages as filler. Simultaneously, paper was made with unmodified calcite (UC), and the effects of modified calcite on the paper properties and filler retention were studied. The results of this study indicated that the use of 10% MC improved filler retention and provided approximately 23% more retention than the use of 10% UC. In addition, mechanical properties and air permeability values of MC-filled papers were higher than those of UC-filled papers. With the use of MC in fluting papers production, better filler retention was achieved, while the reduction in mechanical properties caused by the addition of filler can be minimized. Besides, impurities in white water can be minimized by reducing the filler dosage given during paper production.
Turkish Journal of Forest Science, 2021
This study deals with the utilization of primary and secondary fibers for the office paper produc... more This study deals with the utilization of primary and secondary fibers for the office paper production. Pinus brutia (BF) and wheat straws pulps (WF) were used as primary fiber (PF), and mixed office wastes pulps were used as secondary fiber (SF). PFs were obtained from P. brutia chips and wheat straws by using kraft and soda-air cooking methods, respectively. Mixed office wastes were recycled according to International Association of the Deinking Industry (INGEDE) standards. Enzyme (X), oxygen (O), alkali extraction (E), hypochlorite (H), and formamidine sulphinic acid (F) bleaching stages were applied to PF and SF. The PF and SF were bleached in six stages (XOEHEH) and in three stages (XOF), respectively. Bleached PF and SF were blend in different rates (SF: 70-100%, BF and WF: 0-30%) and office papers were produced. Mechanical and optical properties of the papers were determined according to relevant standards. The highest mechanical properties (breaking length: 3.58 km, burst index: 1.51 kPa.m 2 g-1) were obtained from 70% SF, 25% WF, and 5% BF blends. Papers produced only with SFs have the highest optical properties (Whiteness: 80.65 ISO%, Brightness: 94.02 ISO%, Yellowness:-20.16 E313). However, in terms of both mechanical and optical properties, office paper can be produced from six different PF and SF blends according to the relevant standards.
Turkish Journal of Forestry , 2021
Bu çalışmada, soymuk lifleri alınmış kenevir (Cannabis sativa L.) saplarının kağıt hamuru ve kağı... more Bu çalışmada, soymuk lifleri alınmış kenevir (Cannabis sativa L.) saplarının kağıt hamuru ve kağıt üretiminde kullanımı ve üretilen kağıtların bazı mekanik ve optik özellikleri araştırılmıştır. Soymuk liflerinden arındırılmış kenevir saplarının kimyasal bileşenleri ve lif morfolojik özellikleri belirlenerek kağıt hamuru ve kağıt üretimine uygunluğu tespit edilmiştir. Kenevir saplarının holoselüloz, selüloz ve lignin içerikleri sırasıyla %79.7, %52.0 ve %22.2, lif uzunluğu, lif genişliği ve lümen çapı ise sırasıyla 0.60 mm, 28.8 µm ve 13.4 µm bulunmuştur. Bu veriler doğrultusunda, kenevir saplarından Kraft yöntemi ile pişirme yapılarak kağıt hamuru üretimi gerçekleştirilmiştir. Kenevir saplarından elde edilen kağıt hamurunun verimi, kappa numarası ve viskozite değerleri sırasıyla %48.2, 39 ve 1400 cm 3 /gr olarak tespit edilmiştir. Bu hamurlardan üretilen kağıtların kopma uzunluğu ve parlaklık değerleri ise sırasıyla 6.87 km ve 33.34 %ISO olarak ölçülmüştür. Sonuç olarak, soymuk liflerinden arındırılmış kenevir saplarından yüksek verimde ve mukavemette kağıt hamuru üretimi gerçekleştirilebilmektedir. Aynı zamanda, kağıt hamurları düşük kappa numarasına ve yüksek viskozite değerine sahip olduğundan ağartılması kolay olmaktadır.
Turkish Journal of Forestry, 2021
Abstract: In this study, the effects of potassium borohydride (KBH 4) added to the cooking liquor... more Abstract: In this study, the effects of potassium borohydride (KBH 4) added to the cooking liquor (white liquor) in pulp and paper production from black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) woods on the chemical, physical and optical properties of the pulp were investigated. Soda (NaOH) method, which is one of the environmentally friendly cooking methods, was used in the pulp production from R. pseudoacacia woods. By adding 0, 0.3, 0.5 and 0.7% KBH 4 to the white liquor, four different cooking experiments were carried out. The yields, kappa numbers and viscosity values of the pulps were measured with the relevant standards. Test papers were produced from each pulp and their physical and optical properties were determined. With 0.7% KBH 4 added to the cooking solution, the total yield and viscosity increased by 9.54% and 10.4%, respectively compared to KBH 4-free pulp, while the kappa number decreased by 9.48%. As a result of statistical analysis, it has been observed that there is no significant difference between the physical and optical properties of the papers produced from KBH 4-free and KBH 4-added pulps. Consequently, it was concluded that adding KBH 4 to the white liquor in the pulp production from R. pseudoacacia wood with soda method, positively affected the chemical properties of the pulps and did not have a significant effect on the physical and optical properties. Yalancı akasya (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) odunundan kağıt hamuru ve kağıt üretiminde potasyum borhidrürün etkileri üzerine bir çalışma Özet: Bu çalışmada, yalancı akasya (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) odunlarından kağıt hamuru ve kağıt üretiminde pişirme çözeltisine (beyaz çözelti) eklenen potasyum borhidrürün (KBH 4) kağıt hamurunun kimyasal, fiziksel ve optik özellikleri üzerindeki etkileri araştırılmıştır. R. pseudoacacia odunlarından kağıt hamuru üretiminde çevre dostu pişirme yöntemlerinden biri olan Soda (NaOH) yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Beyaz çözeltiye %0, 0.3, 0.5 ve 0.7 KBH 4 ilave edilerek dört farklı pişirme deneyi gerçekleştirilmiştir. Kağıt hamurlarının verimleri, kappa sayıları ve viskozite değerleri ilgili standartlara bağlı kalınarak ölçülmüştür. Her bir deneyden elde edilen kağıt hamurlarından test kağıtları üretilerek fiziksel ve optik özellikleri belirlenmiştir. Beyaz çözeltiye eklenen %0.7 KBH 4 ile toplam verim ve viskozite, KBH 4 içermeyen kağıt hamurlarına göre sırasıyla %9.54 ve %10.4 artarken, kappa sayısı %9,48 azalmıştır. İstatistiksel analizler sonucunda KBH 4 içermeyen ve KBH 4 katkılı kağıt hamurlarından üretilen kağıtların fiziksel ve optik özellikleri arasında önemli bir fark olmadığı görülmüştür. Sonuç olarak, yalancı akasya odunlarından soda yöntemi ile kağıt hamuru üretiminde pişirme çözeltisine KBH 4 ilave edilmesinin kimyasal özellikleri olumlu yönde etkilediği, fiziksel ve optik özellikler üzerinde belirgin bir etki göstermediği sonucuna varılmıştır.
Biocatalysis and Biotransformation, 2021
The effects of cellulase enzymes (Trichoderma reesei) in flotation deinking of mixed office waste... more The effects of cellulase enzymes (Trichoderma reesei) in flotation deinking of mixed office wastes (MOW) on the deinking efficiency, physical and optical properties of the papers were investigated. In order to determine the effects of cellulase, conventional chemical deinking was also performed and compared with enzymatic deinking. After deinking processes, the handsheets were produced to determine deinking efficiency and physical and optical properties. Dirt particle analyses, Effective Residual Ink Concentrations (ERIC) and deinking efficiency (IEERIC) were determined to clearly understand effects of cellulase on deinking of MOW. IEERIC values of papers obtained from enzymatic and chemical deinked pulps were 11.9 and 62.0%, respectively. Use of cellulase enzyme by itself was not as effective as conventional deinking. Furthermore, optical properties of enzymatic deinked papers were lower than those of chemical deinked papers. These negations were eliminated by combining enzymatic and chemical deinking processes. Chemical charge used in conventional deinking were reduced by half with using cellulase. Properties of papers obtained from this deinking process were better than both enzymatic and chemical ones. This suggests that using cellulase enzyme in deinking process of MOW have a great potential as an alternative to chemical conventional deinking per se. ARTICLE HISTORY
Drvna Industrija, 2020
In this study, Rhododendron luteum and Rhododendron ponticum were evaluated as raw material for p... more In this study, Rhododendron luteum and Rhododendron ponticum were evaluated as raw material for pulp and paper production. 12 different sodium borohydride (NaBH 4) added cooking trials were performed for each sample and kraft method was used for pulp production. Pulp properties, such as yield, kappa number and viscosity , and physical properties, such as breaking length and burst index, were determined for each trial. Besides, the effects of active alkali and NaBH 4 on the pulp and paper properties were also examined. Optimum cooking conditions were obtained by using 18 % active alkali for NaBH 4-free cooking experiments and 0.5 % NaBH4 and 18 % active alkali for NaBH4-added cooking experiments. In NaBH 4-added pulping condition, the screened yield, kappa number and viscosity of R. luteum were found to be 43.4 %, 40.1 and 949 cm 3 /g 1 , respectively. The respective values for R. ponticum were 41.9 %, 44.5 and 885 cm 3 /g 1. The screened yields of R. luteum and R. ponticum increased by about 2.8 % and 5.3 %, respectively, with 5 % addition of NaBH 4 compared to NaBH 4-free cooking experiments. Furthermore, with the addition of NaBH 4 , the kappa numbers decreased while the viscosity increased. The physical properties of the produced papers were also improved by using NaBH 4 in cooking liquor. According to the obtained results, it was found that R. luteum and R. ponticum species can be evaluated for pulp and paper production. SAŽETAK • U ovom je radu istražena mogućnost uporabe biljaka Rhododendron luteum i Rhododendron ponti-cum kao sirovine za proizvodnju celuloze i papira. Za svaki uzorak provedeno je 12 različitih ispitivanja kuhanja s natrijevim borhidridom (NaBH 4), a celuloza je proizvedena kraft postupkom. Za svako ispitivanje određena su svojstva celuloze poput prinosa, kappa broja i viskoznosti, te fi zička svojstva kao što su duljina lomljenja i indeks pucanja papira. Osim toga, ispitani su učinci aktivne lužine i NaBH 4 na svojstva celuloze i papira. Optimalni uvjeti kuhanja postignuti su upotrebom 18 % aktivne lužine za eksperimentalno kuhanje bez NaBH 4 i upotrebom 0,5 % NaBH 4 i 18 % aktivne lužine za eksperimentalno kuhanje s dodatkom NaBH 4. U proizvodnji celuloze iz biljke R. luteum s dodatkom NaBH 4 utvrđeno je da prinos prosijavanja iznosi 43,4 %, da je kappa broj 40,1, a viskoznost DRVNA INDUSTRIJA 71 (4) 365-370 (2020) 949 cm 3 /g, dok su vrijednosti za celulozu dobivenu iz biljke R. ponticum redom 41,9 %, 44,5 i 885 cm 3 /g. Prinos prosijavanja biljaka R. luteum i R. ponticum uz dodatak 5 % NaBH 4 povećao se oko 2,8 % i 5,3 % u usporedbi s eksperimentalnim kuhanjem bez dodatka NaBH 4. Nadalje, uz dodatak NaBH 4 smanjuju se kappa brojevi, a visko-znosti se povećavaju. Fizička svojstva proizvedenih papira također se poboljšavaju dodavanjem NaBH 4 tekućini za kuhanje. Iz dobivenih je rezultata utvrđeno da se biljke R. luteum i R. ponticum mogu upotrebljavati u proizvodnji celuloze i papira.
Journal of Bartin Faculty of Forestry, 2020
The aim of the study is to investigate effects of wetting-drying processes on bleached kraft pape... more The aim of the study is to investigate effects of wetting-drying processes on bleached kraft paper properties. According to results; it has been realized that continuously wetting-drying of paper samples supplied from three different brand (A, B, and C types) effect on both physical and strength properties. However, initial stages (up to 5 th cycling stages) have dramatic effects resulting in a high degree of modification, considering the fact that each following stage is moderate trend on physical properties. Contrary to breaking length and burst index that have a reducing trend as wetting-drying in progress, the tear index changed in both directions (increases or decreases). However, breaking length of samples were found to be reduced range of 11.4% to 67.8%. Nevertheless, the lowest breaking length was observed B type of papers with 1.79 km at 8 th cycling stage. The lowest tear index of 2.64 mN.m 2 /gr was found at 5 th cycling stage for C type papers while the highest tear index of 5.62 mN.m 2 /gr was found at 6 th cycling stage for B type papers. It is clearly realized that the paper network structure are damaged and bonding potentials reduced during the wetting-drying process.
Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University Journal of Engineering Sciences, 2020
Pamuk liflerinin %96'lık kısmı saf selülozdan oluşmaktadır. Viskoz rayon lifleri saflaştırılmış s... more Pamuk liflerinin %96'lık kısmı saf selülozdan oluşmaktadır. Viskoz rayon lifleri saflaştırılmış selülozdan elde edilen ve ülkemizde yılda yaklaşık 250 bin ton civarında tüketilen, 1.5 milyar dolarlık ithalatı yapılan önemli bir üründür. Viskoz rayon lifleri doğal ve yenilenebilir kaynaklardan elde edilmekte olup üretiminde her geçen gün tükenmekte olan petrol kaynakları yerine doğal materyallerin kullanılması hem çevresel hem de ekonomik anlamda önemli avantajlar sunmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, pamuk teleflerinden standartlara bağlı kalınarak α-selüloz polimerleri elde edilmiş olup daha sonra yaş lif çekim yöntemiyle α-selülozdan %93 verimde rejenere viskoz rayon lifleri üretilmiştir. Elde edilen viskoz rayon liflerinin yurt dışından ithal edilen viskoz rayon liflerinin özelliklerine benzer değerler taşıdığı tespit edilmiştir. Sonuç olarak pamuk teleflerinden yüksek verimli ve yüksek katma değerli yeni ürün elde edilmiştir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Pamuk telefleri, selüloz, viskoz rayon
Düzce University Journal of Science & Technology , 2020
This study was aimed to compare pulp properties of Pinus pinea heartwood and sapwood pulp obtaine... more This study was aimed to compare pulp properties of Pinus pinea heartwood and sapwood pulp obtained from modified soda method and to investigate effects of potassium borohydride (KBH4) used as a protective agent in cooking processes. Eight different cooking experiments were applied to the heartwood and sapwood samples by changing KBH4 ratio. The effects of KBH4 on some chemical, physical and optical properties of pulps obtained from cooking processes were determined. Due to high content of soluble extraction of heartwood, yield of heartwood pulp was approximately 24% lower than that of sapwood pulp. Using KBH4 in pulping processes increased sapwood pulp yield, while it has a decreasing impact on heartwood pulp yield. Kappa number and viscosity values of sapwood pulps were better than those of heartwood pulps. With addition of KBH4 to liquor there was increased kappa numbers of sapwood pulp in contrast to heartwood. In generally, physical properties of sapwood pulp are better than that of heartwood pulp. But, there are no significant difference in optical properties between heartwood and sapwood pulp. With no regard to the type of pulps used, the pulp optical properties were improved by using KBH4 in pulping processes.
Turkish Journal of Forestry, 2020
Miğfer kartonlar, tamamen oluklu mukavva atıklarından, kullanım alanına göre 165 ile 450 g/m2 ara... more Miğfer kartonlar, tamamen oluklu mukavva atıklarından, kullanım alanına göre 165 ile 450 g/m2 aralığında üretilen ve bobin göbeği (temizlik kağıtları, masura vb.) olarak kullanılan bir karton çeşididir. Miğfer kartonların üretimi sırasında kalenderleme işlemi uygulanmamaktadır. Bu çalışmada, miğfer kartonların yüzey özelliklilerini iyileştirmek için farklı sıcaklık, basınç ve süre altında karton yüzeylerine kalenderleme işlemi uygulanmıştır. Çalışmada 165, 275 ve 400 g/m2 miğfer kartonlara 110, 130, 150 ve 170 ºC sıcaklıklarda, 3 ve 5 saniye sürelerde ve 10, 15, 20 ve 25 bar basınç altında kalenderleme işlemi uygulanmıştır. Daha sonra kartonların yüzey özelliklerinden yüzey pürüzlülüğü, kat ayrımı ve hava geçirgenliği özellikleri belirlenerek kalenderleme koşullarının bu özellikler üzerine etkileri belirlenmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda, kalenderleme işleminin miğfer kartonlara uygulanmasının pürüzlülük, kat ayrımı ve hava geçirgenliği gibi yüzey özellikleri üzerinde olumlu bir etki gösterdiği tespit edilmiş olup kalenderleme işlemi uygulanan miğfer kartonlara uygulanacak baskının kalitesini de artıracağı düşünülmektedir.
Coreboards are produced entirely from corrugated cardboard wastes and 165 to 450 g/m2 depending on the area of use and used as coil cores (tissue papers, bobbins, etc.). Calendering processes at different temperature, pressure and time were applied to coreboards surfaces in order to improve surface properties. The calendering process was applied to coreboards with 165, 275 and 400 g/m2 at 110, 130, 150 and 170 ºC temperatures for 3 and 5 seconds and under 10, 15, 20 and 25 bar pressure. Then, the surface roughness, Scott bond and air permeability properties of the coreboards were determined and the effects of calendering conditions on these properties were also examined. As a result of the study, it has been determined that applying the calendering process to the coreboard has a positive effect on the surface properties such as roughness, Scott bond and air permeability, and it is also thought that the calendering process will also improve the print quality to be applied to coreboards.
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Papers by Mustafa Çiçekler
Coreboards are produced entirely from corrugated cardboard wastes and 165 to 450 g/m2 depending on the area of use and used as coil cores (tissue papers, bobbins, etc.). Calendering processes at different temperature, pressure and time were applied to coreboards surfaces in order to improve surface properties. The calendering process was applied to coreboards with 165, 275 and 400 g/m2 at 110, 130, 150 and 170 ºC temperatures for 3 and 5 seconds and under 10, 15, 20 and 25 bar pressure. Then, the surface roughness, Scott bond and air permeability properties of the coreboards were determined and the effects of calendering conditions on these properties were also examined. As a result of the study, it has been determined that applying the calendering process to the coreboard has a positive effect on the surface properties such as roughness, Scott bond and air permeability, and it is also thought that the calendering process will also improve the print quality to be applied to coreboards.
Coreboards are produced entirely from corrugated cardboard wastes and 165 to 450 g/m2 depending on the area of use and used as coil cores (tissue papers, bobbins, etc.). Calendering processes at different temperature, pressure and time were applied to coreboards surfaces in order to improve surface properties. The calendering process was applied to coreboards with 165, 275 and 400 g/m2 at 110, 130, 150 and 170 ºC temperatures for 3 and 5 seconds and under 10, 15, 20 and 25 bar pressure. Then, the surface roughness, Scott bond and air permeability properties of the coreboards were determined and the effects of calendering conditions on these properties were also examined. As a result of the study, it has been determined that applying the calendering process to the coreboard has a positive effect on the surface properties such as roughness, Scott bond and air permeability, and it is also thought that the calendering process will also improve the print quality to be applied to coreboards.