Musica - Dislessia
Musica - Dislessia
Musica - Dislessia
Dislessia =
disturbo nella lettura, intesa come abilit di decodifica,
NON di comprensione, del testo.
Le difficolt nel discriminare e manipolare i fonemi di una lingua, in particolare delle consonanti,
dipendono dall'inabilit a
recepire ed elaborare cambiamenti acustici (modificazioni temporo-spettrali)
a livello intra-sillabico (es: ambiente / anbiente)
La difficolt specifica riguarderebbe l'elaborazione dei suoni con un tempo d'attacco lungo
e una modulazione dell'ampiezza lenta
Bibliographic entry:
Abstract:
Studies in sensory neuroscience reveal the critical importance of accurate sensory perception
for cognitive development. There is considerable debate concerning the possible sensory
correlates of phonological processing, the primary cognitive risk factor for developmental
dyslexia. Across languages, children with dyslexia have a specific difficulty with the
neural representation of the phonological structure of speech. The identification of a
robust sensory marker of phonological difficulties would enable early identification of risk for
developmental dyslexia and early targeted intervention. Here, we explore whether phonological
processing difficulties are associated with difficulties in processing acoustic cues to speech
rhythm. Speech rhythm is used across languages by infants to segment the speech
stream into words and syllables. Early difficulties in perceiving auditory sensory cues to
speech rhythm and prosody could lead developmentally to impairments in phonology. We
compared matched samples of children with and without dyslexia, learning three very different
spoken and written languages, English, Spanish, and Chinese. The key sensory cue measured
was rate of onset of the amplitude envelope (rise time), known to be critical for the
rhythmic timing of speech. Despite phonological and orthographic differences, for each
language, rise time sensitivity was a significant predictor of phonological awareness, and rise
time was the only consistent predictor of reading acquisition. The data support a language-
universal theory of the neural basis of developmental dyslexia on the basis of rhythmic
perception and syllable segmentation. They also suggest that novel remediation
strategies on the basis of rhythm and music may offer benefits for phonological and
linguistic development.
p. 111:
Nei soggetti con dislessia, il cattivo funzionamento dell'organizzazione temporale implica il deficit fonologico.
Il deficit nei box in grigio.
I meccanismi responsabili dell' elaborazione temporale
(p. 112)
sembrano costituire l'interfaccia tra abilit fonologiche e abilit musicali.
La ricerca indaga gli effetti della pratica musicale su altre abilit non musicali.
Oggi possibile documentare che il fare musica modifica aspetti importanti
delle funzioni e della struttura cerebrale.
Per avere un'idea della plasticit cerebrale, cfr. gli studi di Schlaug
sulle aree uditive primarie nella corteccia temporale sinistra, pi estese nei musicisti,
o di Elbert sulla rappresentazione corticale somatosensoriale della mano sinistra,
pi ampia negli strumentisti ad arco.
Attenzione + Sequencing