We present the first tableau-based decision procedure for PDL with nominals. The procedure is bas... more We present the first tableau-based decision procedure for PDL with nominals. The procedure is based on a prefix-free clausal tableau system designed as a basis for gracefully degrading reasoners. The clausal system factorizes reasoning into regular, propositional, and modal reasoning. This yields a modular decision procedure and pays off in transparent correctness proofs.
Recently, odor emissions have globally become an essential contamination parameter within increas... more Recently, odor emissions have globally become an essential contamination parameter within increasing the well-being levels of human life. In order to control odor emissions and reduce their health and environmental effects, over the last decade Europe, USA and Turkey have started to enact regulations and investigations into suitable odor-treatment alternatives. Food fermentation is one of the important processes that releases odorous pollutants like ethanol, acetaldehyde, acetone and propanol to the atmosphere without any control mechanism. Until now, many physicochemical techniques have been used for the abatement of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). However, the high capital and operating costs associated with these technologies, their high energy requirements and non-environmentally friendly nature have boosted the development of new treatment technologies. In recent years, many biological treatment methods such as biofilters, bioscrubbers and biotrickling filters were found to be environmentally friendly and low-cost treatment alternatives for odorous compounds. Biofilters come into prominence above other biological treatment technologies due to their high flowrate waste gas treatment capacities. Within this scope of aim, VOC emissions derived from food fermentation processes were investigated on a pilot scale biofilter consisting of a cylindrical jacketed PVC column (0.20 m inner diameter, 2.7 m height) packed with Rashing rings to a working volume of 50 L. The synthetic inlet gas stream with a flowrate of 2 m-3 h-1 was prepared by injecting a liquid mixture containing emissions at inlet concentrations of ~700 mg m-3 for ethanol, ~ 300 mg m-3 for acetaldehyde and ~70 mg m-3 for acetone according to waste gas characterization of industrial processes. Biodegradation of ethanol was achieved up to 29 ± 1 g m-3 h-1 of elimination with a removal >90% where 11.4 ± 0.7 g m-3 h-1 acetaldehyde was eliminated with removal >90%. Acetone elimination was recorded as 1.9 ± 0.3 g m-3 h-1 and resulted in the removal of ~50%.
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs), a group of environmental pollutants, are emitted in large quan... more Volatile organic compounds (VOCs), a group of environmental pollutants, are emitted in large quantities when fossil fuel is burned in automobiles. This research investigates the VOCs in the exhaust emissions from a common rail diesel engine fueled with canola oil biodiesel fuel (COBF), conventional diesel fuel (CDF), and B20 (20% COBF blended with 80% CDF by volume) at various engine loads (30 Nm, 80 Nm, 130 Nm) and a constant engine speed of 1500 rpm. The results indicate that the regulated emissions (CO, HC, PM) were reduced obviously when COBF and B20 were used in a CRDI diesel engine, and a larger number of VOCs (about 30 types) are emitted with CDF and the quantity emitted is greater than with B20 and COBF. The total VOC emissions (TVOC) of B20 were lower than those with the other test fuels at all experimental conditions. In addition, this paper presents a simple approach for sampling VOC emissions from diesel engines, uses a gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/ MS) analysis, and also confirms that COBF blended with CDF in a volume fraction of 20-80 is an excellent alternative fuel based on VOC emissions.
... Dinamik deneyler için çöp sızıntı suyu içeriği % 0, 5, 20, 50 ve 100 olan zemin numuneler Sta... more ... Dinamik deneyler için çöp sızıntı suyu içeriği % 0, 5, 20, 50 ve 100 olan zemin numuneler Standart Proktor kalıbı ve tokmağı kullanılarak hazırlanmıştır. ... Deney sistemi Page 3. A.ERKEN, K.ALP, Ş.YILDIZ, H.SARI, N.ER, Z.KAYA, N. ÖZ ELDEM, A.ŞENER 701 ...
Tez (Doktora) -- İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 1989Thesis (Ph.D.) -- İst... more Tez (Doktora) -- İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 1989Thesis (Ph.D.) -- İstanbul Technical University, Institute of Science and Technology, 1989 Endüstriyel kaynaklar düşük ısıl kapasite, kısa bacalar, küçük de şarj hızları ve yerleşim bölgeleri içinde yer almaları gibi özellikle ri dolayısı ile bu bölgelerdeki hava kalitesinin korunmasında birinci önceliğe sahip kaynaklardır. Bu tür kaynaklar için EPA'nm geliştir diği hava kirliliği modellerinde Briggs'in hüzme yükselmesi eşitlikle ri kullanılmaktadır. Bu ifade büyük nokta kaynaklar için kalibre edildiği için endüstriyel kaynaklara uygulanmasında önemli hatalara sebebiyet vermektedir. Yaptığımız çalışmada bu husus incelenmiş ve endüstriyel kaynaklarda huzme yükselmesini veren genel ifadeler çıka rılmıştır. Birinci bölümde Dünya enerji tüketimindeki gelişmeler ve ülkemizde fosil yakıt kullanımından oluşan kirleticiler incelenmiş, çalışmanın amacı ve kapsamı verilmiştir. İkinci bölümde huzme tanımlanmış ...
Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2021
For sustainable water management, the treatment and reuse of industrial wastewater are becoming i... more For sustainable water management, the treatment and reuse of industrial wastewater are becoming increasingly important. There have been many studies on color removal, especially from textile wastewater. However, there are deficiencies in the literature regarding highly alkaline caustic recovery and reuse in the plant. For this reason, this study examines caustic-containing textile wastewater treatment and the reuse potential of the obtained caustic chemicals with a pilot-scale ceramic membrane system. During operations, only an ultrafiltration membrane, a nanofiltration membrane, and combined ultrafiltration + nanofiltration membranes were put to use. Chemical oxygen demand, total hardness, color, total organic carbon, sodium ion concentration, and pH tests were applied to samples, and temperature and flux were recorded throughout all operations. The obtained results showed that for ultrafiltration + nanofiltration cycles, the overall average removal efficiencies were 67, 71, 42, and 92% for total organic carbon, chemical oxygen demand, total hardness, and color respectively. For only ultrafiltration cycles, the overall average removal efficiencies were 22, 36, 25, and 63% for total organic carbon, chemical oxygen demand, total hardness, and color, respectively. Sodium values in the input wastewater were around 12 mg/L on average, and nanofiltration membrane output values changed to between 7 and 11 mg/L. Based on the sodium concentration differences between inflow and outflow samples, the permeate of ceramic membrane systems has potential for reuse in facilities.
Abstract Climate change has become popular in recent years. To discuss and reduce the harmful eff... more Abstract Climate change has become popular in recent years. To discuss and reduce the harmful effects on environment, important actions are taken in international negotiations. Paris Agreement, entered into force in November 2016, aims to limit greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and maintain the global average temperature raising below 2°C, countries that have ratified the agreement should declare their contribution to reducing GHG emissions. one of the most important components contributing to global GHG emissions is the transportation sector. The GHG emission from the transportation sector is 84.7 Mton CO2eq. which accounts for 16% of the total GHG emissions throughout Turkey in 2017. Road transportation with a rate of 93%, corresponds to the biggest share of GHG emissions from the transportation sector. In the current study, GHG emissions were modelled from 2016 to 2050, in order to assess the impacts of the transportation sector on climate change in Istanbul, which is the most populous city and has the highest number of vehicles in Turkey. Istanbul has a major importance for Turkey, from the point of its energy consumption and climate-related emissions. For this purpose, the Integrated MARKAL-EFOM System (TIMES) as a technology-rich and economic model was used. The results of the study were obtained for the reference scenario, which assumes that the existing plans and policies will continue until 2050. Furthermore, three alternative scenarios were studied which are related to electric rail transportation (Scenario 1), electric and hybrid cars (Scenario 2) and limited CO2 emissions (Scenario 3). Results show that the total GHG reduction is 1.1% Scenario 1, 11% for Scenario 2 and 39% for Scenario 3 in 2050. In the third scenario where the emission limitation was introduced to the model, there was a trend towards vehicles with higher amounts of LPG and CNG to keep the emission at the desired level, and fuel consumption was approximately 5.5% higher than the reference scenario in 2050.
Abstract This work is being conducted by real wastewater from disperse printing and reactive prin... more Abstract This work is being conducted by real wastewater from disperse printing and reactive printing washing baths hot discharges mixing point and it was aimed to be treated and hot water recovery and reuse in the plant was targeted. For this purpose, pilot scale ceramic ultrafiltration/nanofiltration membrane system was used. In first ten cycle, ultrafiltration + nanofiltration membranes and in last four cycles only nanofiltration membrane was used. All samples were subjected to chemical oxygen demand, total hardness, total organic carbon, color and conductivity tests. Flux and temperature were also monitored throughout operations. According to obtained results, for ultrafiltration + nanofiltration cycles overall average removal efficiencies are 89%, 83.5%, 86.4% and 68% for chemical oxygen demand, color, total organic carbon and hardness, respectively. For only nanofiltration cycles, overall average removal efficiencies are 90.1%, 82.2%, 76.8% and 82% for chemical oxygen demand, color, total organic carbon and total hardness, respectively. Besides, treated wastewater was tested whether it is suitable for dyeing processes or not. And according to temperature difference between inlet and outlet streams, it can be said that it is feasible to use ceramic membrane technology for hot wastewater recovery and reuse.
This paper describes the wastewater characterization and aerobic/anaerobic treatability (oxygen u... more This paper describes the wastewater characterization and aerobic/anaerobic treatability (oxygen uptake rate and biogas production measurement) of chemical-synthesis based pharmaceutical industry effluents in a nearby baker's yeast industry treatment plant. Preliminary experiments by the industry had indicated strong anaerobic toxicity. On the other hand, aerobic treatability was also uncertain due to complexity and unknown composition of the wastewater. The work in this study has indicated that the effluents of the pharmaceutical industry can be treated without toxicity in the aerobic stage of the treatment plant. Methanogenic activity tests with anaerobic sludge from the anaerobic treatment stage of the wastewater treatment plant and acetate as substrate have confirmed the strong toxicity, while showing that 30 min aeration or coagulation with an alum dose of 300 mg/l is sufficient for reducing the toxicity almost completely. Powdered activated carbon, lime and ferric chloride ...
This study investigates the partition of heavy metals in slag from the rotary kiln (SL), second c... more This study investigates the partition of heavy metals in slag from the rotary kiln (SL), second combustion chamber ashes (SCCA), filter cake (FC) from a bag filter and flue gas (FG) emissions (both in particulate and gas phases) of the Istanbul medical waste incinerator (ISTAC). Eleven targeted heavy metals (As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Hg, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sb and Tl) in four matrices were analysed for eight different date samples in 2008. The results obtained were evaluated according to the metal species, furnace temperatures and other factors that affect the formation and accumulation of the metals in the incineration cycle. According to the results, combustion temperatures, reactor configuration and waste contents are the dominant parameters determining the volatility and partitioning of metals in the combustion systems. The biggest waste portions were obtained for the SL and the dominant metal species for the SL and SCCA were Cu (505,9±99,3 and 697,4±577,7 mg per kg dry mass for SL and SCCA r...
Çalışmada hayvan çiftliklerinden kaynaklanan ve amonyak içeren kokulu atık gazların biyofiltreler... more Çalışmada hayvan çiftliklerinden kaynaklanan ve amonyak içeren kokulu atık gazların biyofiltrelerle arıtılması araştırılmıştır. Biyofiltreler, düşük enerji gereksinimleri ve ilk kurulum maliyetinin düşüklüğü nedeniyle koku kontrolünde tercih edilmektedir. Bu nedenle, çalışmada hayvan barınaklarının aralıklı havalandırma uygulamasının simüle edilmesi için kesikli düzenle kurulan laboratuvar ölçekli reaktörler kullanılmıştır. Seri bağlı iki adet reaktöre kirletici olarak, konsantre amonyum hidroksit çözeltisinden hava geçirmek suretiyle ile sıyrılarak elde edilen amonyak/hava karışımları beslenmiştir. Filtrelerde dolgu maddesi olarak evsel katı atıktan üretilmiş kompost ve odun talaşı karışımı kullanılmıştır. Farklı yükleme oranlarına karşılık amonyağın biyofiltrelerde aerobik-biyolojik olarak oksidasyon verimi ve bu verimi etkileyen faktörler incelenmiştir. Aklimasyon dönemi dahil 130 günlük süre içinde 1,32-27 g NH3/m 3 .saat aralığında 8 farklı değerde yükleme yapılmış, ortalama amonyak giderim verimi % 97,2±1,8 olarak bulunmuştur.
Many studies have discussed the biotreatment of ethanethiol (ET) under aerobic conditions. Howeve... more Many studies have discussed the biotreatment of ethanethiol (ET) under aerobic conditions. However, O2 free conditions offer bio-conversion of ET gas into elemental sulphur and/or sulphate using NO3as electron acceptor, and this has been not studied. In this study, an anoxic biotrickling filter was tested in lab-scale conditions with ET/NO3ratio 0.74 and 0.34 mole/mole to remove malodorous ET waste gas. The study examined the effect of three operational parameters: ET inlet concentrations (150, 300, 800, and 1500 mg/m 3), trickling velocities (0.12, 0.18, 0.24, 0.3, and 0.45 m/h), and empty bed residence times (30, 60, 90, and 120 sec). It found that the effect of trickling velocity on removal efficiency depended on inlet concentrations; 0.24 m/h trickling velocity resulted in efficient ET removal (higher than 90.8% for 150 mg/m3 of inlet concentration) while 0.45 m/h trickling velocity could only achieve a removal of 80.6% for 1500 mg/m 3 of inlet concentration at fixed EBRT 60 sec. Increasing the EBRT up to 60 sec was adequate to achieve removal efficiency, i.e. 92 and 80% for ET inlet concentrations 150 and 1500 mg/m 3 respectively, and the maximum elimination capacity was 75.18 g/m 3 /h at 0.45 m/h. Overall, the anoxic conditions enhanced the low oxidation rates of ET in an anoxic biotrickling filter despite mass transfer limitations and poor solubility of ET.
Tüm istasyonlardan alınan sonuçlar arasında, en yüksek toplam PAH değerleri Yıldız örnekleme nokt... more Tüm istasyonlardan alınan sonuçlar arasında, en yüksek toplam PAH değerleri Yıldız örnekleme noktası için ve en yüksek TSP değerleri DMO istasyonu için tespit edilmiştir. En düşük konsantrasyonlar Kilyos istasyonu için belirlenmiştir. Tüm istasyonlarda PAH türleri arasında konsantrasyonu en yüksek değerlerde gözlenenler molekül ağırlığı düşük PAH'lar olmuştur. Şehir atmosferini temsil eden alanlarda güçlü bir mevsimsel değişim gözlenmiştir. En yüksek PAH konsantrasyonları kış aylarında ve şehir atmosferinde gözlenmiş en düşük konsantrasyonlara ise yaz aylarında ve kırsal alanda rastlanmıştır. PAH'ların kaynaklarını belirlemek amacıyla "kaynak tanımlama katsayıları" ile yapılan belirlemede Yıldız ve DMO istasyonları için trafik emisyonunun ağırlıklı olduğu ve tüm belirleme oranları için dizel emisyonlarının benzinli araç emisyonlarına oranla baskın olduğu gözlenmiştir.
We present the first tableau-based decision procedure for PDL with nominals. The procedure is bas... more We present the first tableau-based decision procedure for PDL with nominals. The procedure is based on a prefix-free clausal tableau system designed as a basis for gracefully degrading reasoners. The clausal system factorizes reasoning into regular, propositional, and modal reasoning. This yields a modular decision procedure and pays off in transparent correctness proofs.
Recently, odor emissions have globally become an essential contamination parameter within increas... more Recently, odor emissions have globally become an essential contamination parameter within increasing the well-being levels of human life. In order to control odor emissions and reduce their health and environmental effects, over the last decade Europe, USA and Turkey have started to enact regulations and investigations into suitable odor-treatment alternatives. Food fermentation is one of the important processes that releases odorous pollutants like ethanol, acetaldehyde, acetone and propanol to the atmosphere without any control mechanism. Until now, many physicochemical techniques have been used for the abatement of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). However, the high capital and operating costs associated with these technologies, their high energy requirements and non-environmentally friendly nature have boosted the development of new treatment technologies. In recent years, many biological treatment methods such as biofilters, bioscrubbers and biotrickling filters were found to be environmentally friendly and low-cost treatment alternatives for odorous compounds. Biofilters come into prominence above other biological treatment technologies due to their high flowrate waste gas treatment capacities. Within this scope of aim, VOC emissions derived from food fermentation processes were investigated on a pilot scale biofilter consisting of a cylindrical jacketed PVC column (0.20 m inner diameter, 2.7 m height) packed with Rashing rings to a working volume of 50 L. The synthetic inlet gas stream with a flowrate of 2 m-3 h-1 was prepared by injecting a liquid mixture containing emissions at inlet concentrations of ~700 mg m-3 for ethanol, ~ 300 mg m-3 for acetaldehyde and ~70 mg m-3 for acetone according to waste gas characterization of industrial processes. Biodegradation of ethanol was achieved up to 29 ± 1 g m-3 h-1 of elimination with a removal >90% where 11.4 ± 0.7 g m-3 h-1 acetaldehyde was eliminated with removal >90%. Acetone elimination was recorded as 1.9 ± 0.3 g m-3 h-1 and resulted in the removal of ~50%.
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs), a group of environmental pollutants, are emitted in large quan... more Volatile organic compounds (VOCs), a group of environmental pollutants, are emitted in large quantities when fossil fuel is burned in automobiles. This research investigates the VOCs in the exhaust emissions from a common rail diesel engine fueled with canola oil biodiesel fuel (COBF), conventional diesel fuel (CDF), and B20 (20% COBF blended with 80% CDF by volume) at various engine loads (30 Nm, 80 Nm, 130 Nm) and a constant engine speed of 1500 rpm. The results indicate that the regulated emissions (CO, HC, PM) were reduced obviously when COBF and B20 were used in a CRDI diesel engine, and a larger number of VOCs (about 30 types) are emitted with CDF and the quantity emitted is greater than with B20 and COBF. The total VOC emissions (TVOC) of B20 were lower than those with the other test fuels at all experimental conditions. In addition, this paper presents a simple approach for sampling VOC emissions from diesel engines, uses a gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/ MS) analysis, and also confirms that COBF blended with CDF in a volume fraction of 20-80 is an excellent alternative fuel based on VOC emissions.
... Dinamik deneyler için çöp sızıntı suyu içeriği % 0, 5, 20, 50 ve 100 olan zemin numuneler Sta... more ... Dinamik deneyler için çöp sızıntı suyu içeriği % 0, 5, 20, 50 ve 100 olan zemin numuneler Standart Proktor kalıbı ve tokmağı kullanılarak hazırlanmıştır. ... Deney sistemi Page 3. A.ERKEN, K.ALP, Ş.YILDIZ, H.SARI, N.ER, Z.KAYA, N. ÖZ ELDEM, A.ŞENER 701 ...
Tez (Doktora) -- İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 1989Thesis (Ph.D.) -- İst... more Tez (Doktora) -- İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 1989Thesis (Ph.D.) -- İstanbul Technical University, Institute of Science and Technology, 1989 Endüstriyel kaynaklar düşük ısıl kapasite, kısa bacalar, küçük de şarj hızları ve yerleşim bölgeleri içinde yer almaları gibi özellikle ri dolayısı ile bu bölgelerdeki hava kalitesinin korunmasında birinci önceliğe sahip kaynaklardır. Bu tür kaynaklar için EPA'nm geliştir diği hava kirliliği modellerinde Briggs'in hüzme yükselmesi eşitlikle ri kullanılmaktadır. Bu ifade büyük nokta kaynaklar için kalibre edildiği için endüstriyel kaynaklara uygulanmasında önemli hatalara sebebiyet vermektedir. Yaptığımız çalışmada bu husus incelenmiş ve endüstriyel kaynaklarda huzme yükselmesini veren genel ifadeler çıka rılmıştır. Birinci bölümde Dünya enerji tüketimindeki gelişmeler ve ülkemizde fosil yakıt kullanımından oluşan kirleticiler incelenmiş, çalışmanın amacı ve kapsamı verilmiştir. İkinci bölümde huzme tanımlanmış ...
Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2021
For sustainable water management, the treatment and reuse of industrial wastewater are becoming i... more For sustainable water management, the treatment and reuse of industrial wastewater are becoming increasingly important. There have been many studies on color removal, especially from textile wastewater. However, there are deficiencies in the literature regarding highly alkaline caustic recovery and reuse in the plant. For this reason, this study examines caustic-containing textile wastewater treatment and the reuse potential of the obtained caustic chemicals with a pilot-scale ceramic membrane system. During operations, only an ultrafiltration membrane, a nanofiltration membrane, and combined ultrafiltration + nanofiltration membranes were put to use. Chemical oxygen demand, total hardness, color, total organic carbon, sodium ion concentration, and pH tests were applied to samples, and temperature and flux were recorded throughout all operations. The obtained results showed that for ultrafiltration + nanofiltration cycles, the overall average removal efficiencies were 67, 71, 42, and 92% for total organic carbon, chemical oxygen demand, total hardness, and color respectively. For only ultrafiltration cycles, the overall average removal efficiencies were 22, 36, 25, and 63% for total organic carbon, chemical oxygen demand, total hardness, and color, respectively. Sodium values in the input wastewater were around 12 mg/L on average, and nanofiltration membrane output values changed to between 7 and 11 mg/L. Based on the sodium concentration differences between inflow and outflow samples, the permeate of ceramic membrane systems has potential for reuse in facilities.
Abstract Climate change has become popular in recent years. To discuss and reduce the harmful eff... more Abstract Climate change has become popular in recent years. To discuss and reduce the harmful effects on environment, important actions are taken in international negotiations. Paris Agreement, entered into force in November 2016, aims to limit greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and maintain the global average temperature raising below 2°C, countries that have ratified the agreement should declare their contribution to reducing GHG emissions. one of the most important components contributing to global GHG emissions is the transportation sector. The GHG emission from the transportation sector is 84.7 Mton CO2eq. which accounts for 16% of the total GHG emissions throughout Turkey in 2017. Road transportation with a rate of 93%, corresponds to the biggest share of GHG emissions from the transportation sector. In the current study, GHG emissions were modelled from 2016 to 2050, in order to assess the impacts of the transportation sector on climate change in Istanbul, which is the most populous city and has the highest number of vehicles in Turkey. Istanbul has a major importance for Turkey, from the point of its energy consumption and climate-related emissions. For this purpose, the Integrated MARKAL-EFOM System (TIMES) as a technology-rich and economic model was used. The results of the study were obtained for the reference scenario, which assumes that the existing plans and policies will continue until 2050. Furthermore, three alternative scenarios were studied which are related to electric rail transportation (Scenario 1), electric and hybrid cars (Scenario 2) and limited CO2 emissions (Scenario 3). Results show that the total GHG reduction is 1.1% Scenario 1, 11% for Scenario 2 and 39% for Scenario 3 in 2050. In the third scenario where the emission limitation was introduced to the model, there was a trend towards vehicles with higher amounts of LPG and CNG to keep the emission at the desired level, and fuel consumption was approximately 5.5% higher than the reference scenario in 2050.
Abstract This work is being conducted by real wastewater from disperse printing and reactive prin... more Abstract This work is being conducted by real wastewater from disperse printing and reactive printing washing baths hot discharges mixing point and it was aimed to be treated and hot water recovery and reuse in the plant was targeted. For this purpose, pilot scale ceramic ultrafiltration/nanofiltration membrane system was used. In first ten cycle, ultrafiltration + nanofiltration membranes and in last four cycles only nanofiltration membrane was used. All samples were subjected to chemical oxygen demand, total hardness, total organic carbon, color and conductivity tests. Flux and temperature were also monitored throughout operations. According to obtained results, for ultrafiltration + nanofiltration cycles overall average removal efficiencies are 89%, 83.5%, 86.4% and 68% for chemical oxygen demand, color, total organic carbon and hardness, respectively. For only nanofiltration cycles, overall average removal efficiencies are 90.1%, 82.2%, 76.8% and 82% for chemical oxygen demand, color, total organic carbon and total hardness, respectively. Besides, treated wastewater was tested whether it is suitable for dyeing processes or not. And according to temperature difference between inlet and outlet streams, it can be said that it is feasible to use ceramic membrane technology for hot wastewater recovery and reuse.
This paper describes the wastewater characterization and aerobic/anaerobic treatability (oxygen u... more This paper describes the wastewater characterization and aerobic/anaerobic treatability (oxygen uptake rate and biogas production measurement) of chemical-synthesis based pharmaceutical industry effluents in a nearby baker's yeast industry treatment plant. Preliminary experiments by the industry had indicated strong anaerobic toxicity. On the other hand, aerobic treatability was also uncertain due to complexity and unknown composition of the wastewater. The work in this study has indicated that the effluents of the pharmaceutical industry can be treated without toxicity in the aerobic stage of the treatment plant. Methanogenic activity tests with anaerobic sludge from the anaerobic treatment stage of the wastewater treatment plant and acetate as substrate have confirmed the strong toxicity, while showing that 30 min aeration or coagulation with an alum dose of 300 mg/l is sufficient for reducing the toxicity almost completely. Powdered activated carbon, lime and ferric chloride ...
This study investigates the partition of heavy metals in slag from the rotary kiln (SL), second c... more This study investigates the partition of heavy metals in slag from the rotary kiln (SL), second combustion chamber ashes (SCCA), filter cake (FC) from a bag filter and flue gas (FG) emissions (both in particulate and gas phases) of the Istanbul medical waste incinerator (ISTAC). Eleven targeted heavy metals (As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Hg, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sb and Tl) in four matrices were analysed for eight different date samples in 2008. The results obtained were evaluated according to the metal species, furnace temperatures and other factors that affect the formation and accumulation of the metals in the incineration cycle. According to the results, combustion temperatures, reactor configuration and waste contents are the dominant parameters determining the volatility and partitioning of metals in the combustion systems. The biggest waste portions were obtained for the SL and the dominant metal species for the SL and SCCA were Cu (505,9±99,3 and 697,4±577,7 mg per kg dry mass for SL and SCCA r...
Çalışmada hayvan çiftliklerinden kaynaklanan ve amonyak içeren kokulu atık gazların biyofiltreler... more Çalışmada hayvan çiftliklerinden kaynaklanan ve amonyak içeren kokulu atık gazların biyofiltrelerle arıtılması araştırılmıştır. Biyofiltreler, düşük enerji gereksinimleri ve ilk kurulum maliyetinin düşüklüğü nedeniyle koku kontrolünde tercih edilmektedir. Bu nedenle, çalışmada hayvan barınaklarının aralıklı havalandırma uygulamasının simüle edilmesi için kesikli düzenle kurulan laboratuvar ölçekli reaktörler kullanılmıştır. Seri bağlı iki adet reaktöre kirletici olarak, konsantre amonyum hidroksit çözeltisinden hava geçirmek suretiyle ile sıyrılarak elde edilen amonyak/hava karışımları beslenmiştir. Filtrelerde dolgu maddesi olarak evsel katı atıktan üretilmiş kompost ve odun talaşı karışımı kullanılmıştır. Farklı yükleme oranlarına karşılık amonyağın biyofiltrelerde aerobik-biyolojik olarak oksidasyon verimi ve bu verimi etkileyen faktörler incelenmiştir. Aklimasyon dönemi dahil 130 günlük süre içinde 1,32-27 g NH3/m 3 .saat aralığında 8 farklı değerde yükleme yapılmış, ortalama amonyak giderim verimi % 97,2±1,8 olarak bulunmuştur.
Many studies have discussed the biotreatment of ethanethiol (ET) under aerobic conditions. Howeve... more Many studies have discussed the biotreatment of ethanethiol (ET) under aerobic conditions. However, O2 free conditions offer bio-conversion of ET gas into elemental sulphur and/or sulphate using NO3as electron acceptor, and this has been not studied. In this study, an anoxic biotrickling filter was tested in lab-scale conditions with ET/NO3ratio 0.74 and 0.34 mole/mole to remove malodorous ET waste gas. The study examined the effect of three operational parameters: ET inlet concentrations (150, 300, 800, and 1500 mg/m 3), trickling velocities (0.12, 0.18, 0.24, 0.3, and 0.45 m/h), and empty bed residence times (30, 60, 90, and 120 sec). It found that the effect of trickling velocity on removal efficiency depended on inlet concentrations; 0.24 m/h trickling velocity resulted in efficient ET removal (higher than 90.8% for 150 mg/m3 of inlet concentration) while 0.45 m/h trickling velocity could only achieve a removal of 80.6% for 1500 mg/m 3 of inlet concentration at fixed EBRT 60 sec. Increasing the EBRT up to 60 sec was adequate to achieve removal efficiency, i.e. 92 and 80% for ET inlet concentrations 150 and 1500 mg/m 3 respectively, and the maximum elimination capacity was 75.18 g/m 3 /h at 0.45 m/h. Overall, the anoxic conditions enhanced the low oxidation rates of ET in an anoxic biotrickling filter despite mass transfer limitations and poor solubility of ET.
Tüm istasyonlardan alınan sonuçlar arasında, en yüksek toplam PAH değerleri Yıldız örnekleme nokt... more Tüm istasyonlardan alınan sonuçlar arasında, en yüksek toplam PAH değerleri Yıldız örnekleme noktası için ve en yüksek TSP değerleri DMO istasyonu için tespit edilmiştir. En düşük konsantrasyonlar Kilyos istasyonu için belirlenmiştir. Tüm istasyonlarda PAH türleri arasında konsantrasyonu en yüksek değerlerde gözlenenler molekül ağırlığı düşük PAH'lar olmuştur. Şehir atmosferini temsil eden alanlarda güçlü bir mevsimsel değişim gözlenmiştir. En yüksek PAH konsantrasyonları kış aylarında ve şehir atmosferinde gözlenmiş en düşük konsantrasyonlara ise yaz aylarında ve kırsal alanda rastlanmıştır. PAH'ların kaynaklarını belirlemek amacıyla "kaynak tanımlama katsayıları" ile yapılan belirlemede Yıldız ve DMO istasyonları için trafik emisyonunun ağırlıklı olduğu ve tüm belirleme oranları için dizel emisyonlarının benzinli araç emisyonlarına oranla baskın olduğu gözlenmiştir.
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