Papers by Hidayet Karakurt
This study was conducted to find out ectomycorrhizal fungi found in the Turkish red pine (Pinus b... more This study was conducted to find out ectomycorrhizal fungi found in the Turkish red pine (Pinus brutia Ten.) forests in Izmir Forest Regional Directorate. During the field surveys, a total of 93 sites were examined, and it was determined that ectomycorrhizal fungi were located in 75 sampling sites. Although 122 fungus species were determined, a total 71 of these fungi species, that were belong to 21 genera, were ectomycorrhizal. Distribution of the total number ectomycorrhizal genera to the total 75 sampling sites were investigated. Suillus is at the top with 68%, and Russula was 66.7%, Lactarius was 46.7%, , Tricholoma was 40%, Chrogomphus was 38.7%, Inocybe was 24 %, Amanita was 22%, Hebeloma and Laccaria were 14.7%, Hygrophorus was 13.3%, Cortinarius was 10.7%, and the other genera are 10% and less. Leccinium lepidum was determined as a new record in Turkey. As a conclusion, the natural turkish pine (Pinus brutia Ten.) forests were seen having rich ectomycorrhizal fungi species.
Two field experiments were established for reforestation of coal- mined lands in the Aegean Regio... more Two field experiments were established for reforestation of coal- mined lands in the Aegean Region, one is in Soma (at 620 m altitude in 1996) and the other one is in Milas (at 370 m altitude in 1997) with three replicates. Results of survival ratio data were evaluated and the differences between bare root planted tree species have been found significant. Success rates in Soma experiment area are: Robinia pseudoacacia (% 100), Cedrus libani (% 96), Pinus elderica (% 76), Ailanthus glandulosa (% 69), Pinus brutia (% 59), and Eleagnus angustifolia (% 53). Success rates in Milas experiment area are: Cupressus sempervirens (% 95), Ailanthus glandulosa (% 94), Pinus brutia (% 84), Eleagnus angustifolia (% 71), Robinia pseudoacacia (% 55), and Amygdalus communis (% 18). At the conclusion, there are some suggestions on reclamation and revegetation for researchers and forestry and mining managers.
REVEGETATION AND SOIL AMENDMENT POSSIBILITIES IN OPEN CAST MINED LANDS IN AYDIN LIGNITE MINES The... more REVEGETATION AND SOIL AMENDMENT POSSIBILITIES IN OPEN CAST MINED LANDS IN AYDIN LIGNITE MINES The main objective of this study is to help to select tree species to be used in reforestation activities on overburden material in open cast mined lignite sites in Aydın (Turkey) after the mining activities. In addition to this, this study also aims to determine the possible effects of the age of overburden, sheep manure as a fertilizer and irrigation on the tree seedlings in the experimental plots. Experimental plots were established in February 2000 by planting seedlings obtained from various nurseries. Five different tree species, namely Calabrian pine (Pinus brutia), olive (Olea europea sativa), Russian olive (Eleagnus angustifolia), black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia) and almond (Amygdalus communis) were tested in experimental plots which include different overburden material. Sheep manure was applied once in the beginning of the project, but irrigation was continued in the summer sea...
The negative impacts of the coal mining activities were briefly explained. After the mine site re... more The negative impacts of the coal mining activities were briefly explained. After the mine site reclamation, the revegetation techniques to establish a new ecosystem should be done. But some problems like lack of topsoil, erosion, stoniness, slope angle, spoil/overburden materials etc. may affect the success of revegetation activities. To establish a forest vegetation, planting of direct tree seedlings is an option, using nurse plants (some annual plants like legumes or grasses) to improve soil may be more effective to establish productive plantations. Some tending practices during early stages of the new established forests should be execute properly.
Desertification and erosion are important environmental problems of Turkey. Productive agricultur... more Desertification and erosion are important environmental problems of Turkey. Productive agricultural, forest and pasture lands were destroyed by urbanisation, industrialisation, tourism activities, overgrazing etc. in recent years. Combating desertification and deforestation and control of erosion are among the main duties of Ministry of Environment and Forestry. Afforestation, improving pasture and meadows, land rehabilitation and erosion, flood and landslide control activities are conducted efficiently as well as rehabilitation of forest ecosystems. In addition to implementation of the new technologies, it will be useful to increase public awareness.
25–26 Aralık 2003 tarihinde Urla’da düzenlenen “Cumhuriyetin 80. Yılında I. Urla Sempozyumu: Geçm... more 25–26 Aralık 2003 tarihinde Urla’da düzenlenen “Cumhuriyetin 80. Yılında I. Urla Sempozyumu: Geçmişten Günümüze Urla” adlı sempozyum için hazırlanmış bildirinin metnidir. This is a full text of a manuscript of a symposium oral presentation on old and valuable trees to be considered as monumental trees in Urla, Izmir, Turkey.
A literature review on negative environmental impacts of open coal mines and their revegetation p... more A literature review on negative environmental impacts of open coal mines and their revegetation problems and potentials. Açık Kömür Alanlarının Doğal Çevreye Olumsuz Etkileri ve Yeniden Bitkilendirilmesi konusunda bir literatür derlemesi.
Aim: In this study, it was aimed to investigate forest ecosystem topsoil and organic matter deman... more Aim: In this study, it was aimed to investigate forest ecosystem topsoil and organic matter demand in the private nurseries. Methods: First, the impact of soil layers (litter, humus and A horizon) removal on the forest ecosystems through scientific publications on the topic. Second, the demand of growth media and material mixture for the seedling/saplings in the nurseries was determined by the questionnaire technique. During this process, not only present trend has taken into consideration but also past and future trends. Results: Soil organic layers and topsoil in the natural forests are very important components of these ecosystems. Either permitted or not, the topsoil have been removed from the forest ecosystems to be used as a growth material in the nurseries. Conclusion: For the sustainability of the nurseries and forest ecosystems, some suggestions were given to the nursery and state forest enterprises.
"The community should possess the trees and understand their importance!" This manuscri... more "The community should possess the trees and understand their importance!" This manuscript was published in a daily newspaper. It is an article for the general public. It was highlighted that the importance of green areas, parks and street trees in the city, their care and protection. The regular activities by municipalities and forest service were briefly described. As a conclusion some recommendation was given to the responsible agencies and public audience. Arboriculture is a profession, so the planting, caring and pruning of the trees should be done by skilled personnel.
Energy resources are very limited. Wood energy has been used for ages as a primitive manner. The ... more Energy resources are very limited. Wood energy has been used for ages as a primitive manner. The final products of coppices and other fuelwood are one of the main products of common forest practices. Today there is another option that would be short rotation coppices using poplar, willow, alder, acacia and other fast-growing tree species. Establishing and managing such fast-growing short-rotation plantations are promising but they have some negative aspects to consider.
The present state of reclamation on surface mined coal fields in Turkey, legislations, present ac... more The present state of reclamation on surface mined coal fields in Turkey, legislations, present activitites and potential lands are described. Negative impacts of surface mining on forest ecosystems and general principles of reclamation and revegetation (especially afforestation) activities were explained. Recommendations for surface miners and foresters who are interested in reclamation and revegetation were given at the conclusion.
This study has been conducted to determine the distribution of ectomycorrhizal fungi in Turkish p... more This study has been conducted to determine the distribution of ectomycorrhizal fungi in Turkish pine (Pinus brutia Ten) natural forest ecosystems in İzmir Forest Regional Directorate region. A total number of 93 sites were surveyed across the region. Ectomycorrhizal fungi were observed in 75 of these sites. Russula species were found in 50 sites which 66.7 percent of the sites having ectomycorrhizal fungi. A total of 31 different Russula species were identified in the study sites, some of them are edible. The soil analysis data indicate that sampling sites were suitable for ectomycorrhizal fungi growth (low values in terms of phosphorus, nitrogen and carbonates). With this study, the distribution of Leccinium lepidum species was recorded for the first time in Turkey.
Natural radioactivity distribution of 40K, 238U,
and 232Th isotopes in forest soils was investig... more Natural radioactivity distribution of 40K, 238U,
and 232Th isotopes in forest soils was investigated by
using gamma-ray spectrometry. An extensive
radioecological study was carried out between 2010
and 2013 in Mount IDA/Kazdagi, located in Edremit
region in Turkey. A total of 341 soil samples were
collected from the surface and organic horizons (OL,
OF+OH, and A) in 118 soil profiles. The distributions of
natural radioactivity levels in these horizons and corresponding
absorbed dose rates from outdoors terrestrial
gamma radiation throughout the region were mapped in
detail. Mean 40K activity values over the combined horizons
varied between 43 and 1,008 Bq kg−1; whereas,
mean 226Ra and 232Th concentrations over the combined
horizons ranged between 5–152 and 6–275 Bq kg−1,
respectively. Our data indicate that the radioactivity
values of the study sites were within the universal normal
range. The significant variation among the 232Th, 226Ra,
and 40K activities and gamma dose rate might be due to
the geological variation in the study sites.
This paper presents the results obtained from a radioecological study carried out in the forest s... more This paper presents the results obtained from a radioecological study carried out in the forest sites of
Mount IDA (Kazdagi)/Edremit, Turkey. For 118 soil profiles, the depth distribution of 137Cs activity was
established by fitting the experimental points to an exponential, a gaussian or a log-normal function. The
relaxation lengths were in the range of 1.09e16.7 cm with a mean of 5.73 cm, showing a slow transport
and a strong retention capacity of 137Cs even after the 26-y period of Chernobyl accident. From the data
for the vertical distribution of 137Cs in soil profiles, the mean annual migration velocity of 137Cs was in the
range of 0.11e0.62 cm year1 with a mean of 0.30 cm year1. Statistically significant correlations between
the thickness of the humus layer and the mean annual velocity of 137Cs were found for both coniferous
and mixed forest sites. The mean annual velocity of 137Cs in the forests sites with Pinus nigra var pallasiana
was significantly higher than sites with Pinus brutia. External dose-rates from the 137Cs in forest
soils were estimated using a conversion factor used in many studies and comprised with the external
dose-rates determined according to the vertical distribution of 137Cs within the soil depth profiles. It is
clearly seen that both levels and spatial distribution patterns of the external dose-rates from 137Cs were
influenced considerably with the vertical migration rate and the vertical distribution of 137Cs.
In 2010-2012, an extensive study was performed in forest sites of Mount IDA (Kazdagi)/ Edremit 26... more In 2010-2012, an extensive study was performed in forest sites of Mount IDA (Kazdagi)/ Edremit 26 years after the Chernobyl accident. The 137Cs activity concentrations were determined by gamma-ray spectrometry in the forest soil layers (OL, OF þ OH and A horizons) separately. Based on 341 surface soil samples and 118 soil profiles, activity concentrations of 137Cs in OL horizons varied between 0.25 ± 0.14 and 70 ± 1 Bq kg-1, while the ranges of 137Cs activity concentrations in OF þ OH and A horizons were 13 ± 1e555 ± 3 Bq kg-1 and 2 ± 1e253 ± 2 Bq kg-1, respectively. Cesium-137 deposition in the study area was estimated to be in the range of 1e39 kBq m-2 and a linear relationship between the deposition of 137Cs and the altitude was observed. The distributions of 137Cs activities in OL, OF þ OH and A horizons throughout the region were mapped in detail. The highest 137Cs activities were found in OF þ OH horizons, with markedly lower 137Cs activity in mineral horizons of soil profiles. It is observed that 137Cs content of humus layer increases with the thickness of the humus layer for coniferous forest sites. The 137Cs activity concentrations were higher than the recommended screening limits (150 Bq kg-1) at some of the investigated areas. The current activity concentration of top soil layers indicates that over many years since the initial deposition, 137Cs activity is keeping still high in the organic horizons.
Orman Araştırmacılarının Durumları, Dec 20, 2013
Who are forest engineers and especially forest researchers? What are they doing in professional m... more Who are forest engineers and especially forest researchers? What are they doing in professional manner? Are they important nowadays? The answers of these questions were explained in the introduction. The state of employee rights, career opportunities and working conditions of Turkish forest researchers were explained. Additionally, the roles of the forest research institutes were briefly described. As a conclusion, to execute better forest research services some demands and expectations of forest researchers were summarized.
With this study, it is aimed to draw a potential erosion risk map needed to be used for planning ... more With this study, it is aimed to draw a potential erosion risk map needed to be used for planning the precautions against erosion, which is one of the biggest problems of our country, by using advanced techniques. An area of 1126 km 2 including Çeşme Karaburun peninsula, which is located on the west coast of Turkey, has been selected as study area. RUSLE soil loss factors have been used in the study. Each factor used for detecting the soil loss has been determined geographically from different sources and recorded as layer in database according to Geographic information system. In the study, for determining C factor 15-m spatial resolution ASTER image, for determining "L" and "S" factors numerical counter lines, for determining "R" factor weather observation results, for determining "K" factor soil order maps have been used. Afterwards, layers are united by using spatial intersection and new polygons containing all attributes have been created. After the database was created, Rusle model has been applied and as a result soil loss has been determined for each polygon. At the end of the study, it has been determined that Çeşme Karaburun peninsula, selected as study area, has 1.279.548 ton/ha/year.
Monumental and Valuable to Protect Trees of Urla, Izmir
Ağaçlar odunsu çok yıllık bitkiler olarak ormanlar gibi doğal ekosistemlerde bulundukları gibi şe... more Ağaçlar odunsu çok yıllık bitkiler olarak ormanlar gibi doğal ekosistemlerde bulundukları gibi şehir ve kasaba gibi kültür ekosistemlerinin de önemli canlı bileşenlerinden biridir.
Karakurt, H. 1993. Açık Kömür Alanlarının Doğal Çevreye Olumsuz Etkileri ve Yeniden Bitkilendirilmesi TBMMOB Orman Mühendisleri Odası Ege Şubesi Haber Bülteni. Sayı:6 Mayıs-Haziran 1993: 7-9., May 1993
Enerji Ormancılığı / Energy Forestry
Energy resources are very limited. Wood energy has been used for ages as primitive manner. Coppic... more Energy resources are very limited. Wood energy has been used for ages as primitive manner. Coppices, and some other fuelwood are one of the main products of common forest practices. Today there is another option that would be short rotation coppices using poplar, willow, alder, acacia and other fast growing tree species. Establishing and managing such fast growing short rotation plantations are promising but they have some negative aspects to consider.
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Papers by Hidayet Karakurt
and 232Th isotopes in forest soils was investigated by
using gamma-ray spectrometry. An extensive
radioecological study was carried out between 2010
and 2013 in Mount IDA/Kazdagi, located in Edremit
region in Turkey. A total of 341 soil samples were
collected from the surface and organic horizons (OL,
OF+OH, and A) in 118 soil profiles. The distributions of
natural radioactivity levels in these horizons and corresponding
absorbed dose rates from outdoors terrestrial
gamma radiation throughout the region were mapped in
detail. Mean 40K activity values over the combined horizons
varied between 43 and 1,008 Bq kg−1; whereas,
mean 226Ra and 232Th concentrations over the combined
horizons ranged between 5–152 and 6–275 Bq kg−1,
respectively. Our data indicate that the radioactivity
values of the study sites were within the universal normal
range. The significant variation among the 232Th, 226Ra,
and 40K activities and gamma dose rate might be due to
the geological variation in the study sites.
Mount IDA (Kazdagi)/Edremit, Turkey. For 118 soil profiles, the depth distribution of 137Cs activity was
established by fitting the experimental points to an exponential, a gaussian or a log-normal function. The
relaxation lengths were in the range of 1.09e16.7 cm with a mean of 5.73 cm, showing a slow transport
and a strong retention capacity of 137Cs even after the 26-y period of Chernobyl accident. From the data
for the vertical distribution of 137Cs in soil profiles, the mean annual migration velocity of 137Cs was in the
range of 0.11e0.62 cm year1 with a mean of 0.30 cm year1. Statistically significant correlations between
the thickness of the humus layer and the mean annual velocity of 137Cs were found for both coniferous
and mixed forest sites. The mean annual velocity of 137Cs in the forests sites with Pinus nigra var pallasiana
was significantly higher than sites with Pinus brutia. External dose-rates from the 137Cs in forest
soils were estimated using a conversion factor used in many studies and comprised with the external
dose-rates determined according to the vertical distribution of 137Cs within the soil depth profiles. It is
clearly seen that both levels and spatial distribution patterns of the external dose-rates from 137Cs were
influenced considerably with the vertical migration rate and the vertical distribution of 137Cs.
and 232Th isotopes in forest soils was investigated by
using gamma-ray spectrometry. An extensive
radioecological study was carried out between 2010
and 2013 in Mount IDA/Kazdagi, located in Edremit
region in Turkey. A total of 341 soil samples were
collected from the surface and organic horizons (OL,
OF+OH, and A) in 118 soil profiles. The distributions of
natural radioactivity levels in these horizons and corresponding
absorbed dose rates from outdoors terrestrial
gamma radiation throughout the region were mapped in
detail. Mean 40K activity values over the combined horizons
varied between 43 and 1,008 Bq kg−1; whereas,
mean 226Ra and 232Th concentrations over the combined
horizons ranged between 5–152 and 6–275 Bq kg−1,
respectively. Our data indicate that the radioactivity
values of the study sites were within the universal normal
range. The significant variation among the 232Th, 226Ra,
and 40K activities and gamma dose rate might be due to
the geological variation in the study sites.
Mount IDA (Kazdagi)/Edremit, Turkey. For 118 soil profiles, the depth distribution of 137Cs activity was
established by fitting the experimental points to an exponential, a gaussian or a log-normal function. The
relaxation lengths were in the range of 1.09e16.7 cm with a mean of 5.73 cm, showing a slow transport
and a strong retention capacity of 137Cs even after the 26-y period of Chernobyl accident. From the data
for the vertical distribution of 137Cs in soil profiles, the mean annual migration velocity of 137Cs was in the
range of 0.11e0.62 cm year1 with a mean of 0.30 cm year1. Statistically significant correlations between
the thickness of the humus layer and the mean annual velocity of 137Cs were found for both coniferous
and mixed forest sites. The mean annual velocity of 137Cs in the forests sites with Pinus nigra var pallasiana
was significantly higher than sites with Pinus brutia. External dose-rates from the 137Cs in forest
soils were estimated using a conversion factor used in many studies and comprised with the external
dose-rates determined according to the vertical distribution of 137Cs within the soil depth profiles. It is
clearly seen that both levels and spatial distribution patterns of the external dose-rates from 137Cs were
influenced considerably with the vertical migration rate and the vertical distribution of 137Cs.
A training material for a Seminar on Site Survey, Feasibility and Project Preparation of Republic of Turkey, Ministry of Forest and Water Affairs, General Directorate of Combatting Desertification and Erosion Control.
It was written for academic positions
CV Language is Turkish