Papers by karamat mehmood
A study was conducted to evaluate the wastewater impacts on irrigated soil and groundwater. Diffe... more A study was conducted to evaluate the wastewater impacts on irrigated soil and groundwater. Different physico-chemical properties (i.e. pH, electrical conductivity (EC), alkalinity, total dissolved salts (TDS), total hardness (TH), Ca² , Mg² , Na , K , Cl , NO , SO , HCO , sodium absorption ratio SAR were + + + +-2-3 4 3 measured in the groundwater, irrigated soil and wastewater samples. Wastewater affected the groundwater quality by increasing its EC, TDS and TH. Heavy metals (i.e. Fe and Pb) in groundwater were found in higher concentration than the safe limits set for drinking water as the selected site for study was near sewage water. In soil samples, almost all the parameters were within safe limits, except Cu and Cd. The wastewater samples had elevated values of EC, TH, HCO-, but the concentrations of all heavy metals were within safe limits. 3 The study showed that untreated wastewater affected the ground water, but not the soil because soil particles provide surface area for the waste water to pass over and as soil particles are negatively charged they can hold positively charged chemicals and viruses and hence the physico-chemical properties of soil remained in safe limits.
PubMed, Jul 1, 2003
N-bromosuccinimide (NBS) and Iodine solution have been used separately for oxidation of vitamin C... more N-bromosuccinimide (NBS) and Iodine solution have been used separately for oxidation of vitamin C in orange juice and pharmaceutical preparations. The quantitative results obtained by the two methods have been statistically evaluated for evidence of systematic difference, if any, between the two methods. The t-test has shown that titration with dilute solution (0.0022 M) of NBS has produced better results as compared to Iodine method. On the contrary a concentrated Iodine solution (0.0828 N) gave good results.
Acta Crystallographica Section E-structure Reports Online, Nov 13, 2010
In continuation of our studies of pyrazole derivatives (Ather et al., 2010a,b,c,d), the title com... more In continuation of our studies of pyrazole derivatives (Ather et al., 2010a,b,c,d), the title compound (I, Fig. 1) is being reported here.
PubMed, Jul 1, 2004
o-Phthalaldehyde (OPA) reacts with primary amino group in a compound in presence of a thiol (RSH)... more o-Phthalaldehyde (OPA) reacts with primary amino group in a compound in presence of a thiol (RSH) and in an alkaline medium to give a soluble product called isoindole. This is a fluorescent compound, yet it has been exploited for spectrophotometric study by measuring the absorbance at 340 nm which is the wavelength for excitation of the molecule. The spectrophotometric method has successfully been employed in the quantitative estimation of sulfonamides such as sulfadiazine, sulfanilamide and sulfamethoxazole, all containing a primary amino group. The detection ranges from 0.01 to 0.24 mg/ml of the active ingredient in different samples containing sulfonamides. The respective standard curves were linear in the given range and the relative standard deviation of the mean response factor ranged from 1.95-2.08%. 2-methyl-2-propane thiol (2MPT) has been used in the derivatization reaction for the formation of OPA-adduct and borate buffer of pH 10.0 has been used to maintain the medium alkaline.
Asian Journal of Chemistry, 2017
A series of acyl hydrazone derivatives were synthesized by the condensation of different hydrazid... more A series of acyl hydrazone derivatives were synthesized by the condensation of different hydrazides (benzohydrazide, isoniazid, nicotinic acid hydrazide and salicylhydrazide) and 5-(4'-nitrophenyl) furan-2-carbaldehyde. These hydrazones were subjected for metal complexation to yield copper(II) and nickel(II) complexes using conventional and microwave irradiation method. The microwave method was found to be successful with nearly the same or higher yields and shorter reaction time. The synthesized compounds were characterized by EIMS, CHN analysis, FTIR and NMR spectroscopy. All the synthesized compounds were screened for their antibacterial and antioxidant activities.
Pakistan journal of pharmaceutical sciences, 2018
The transition metal complexes of Co(II), Ni(II), and Cu(II) derived from N'-((5-(2,5-dichlor... more The transition metal complexes of Co(II), Ni(II), and Cu(II) derived from N'-((5-(2,5-dichlorophenyl)furan-2-yl)methylene)-2-hydroxybenzohydrazide (L24) and N'-((5-(2, 5-dichlorophenyl)furan-2-yl)methylene)benzohydrazide (L21) have been synthesized by conventional as well as microwave method being shorter time consuming, solvent less and gives improved yields as compared to the traditional conventional technique. These compounds were characterized by melting point, TLC, FTIR, 1H-NMR, elemental analysis, potentiometric titration, ICP-OES and EIMS. From this analytical data it is confirmed that complexes are in octahedral structure with coordination number 6 which revealed 1:2 (metal:ligand). FTIR data shows that these synthesized hydrazone ligands have ONO donor sites and coordinate with transition metal ions in a tridentate monobasic manner. All these synthesized compounds were tested for evaluation of antibacterial activity by agar disc diffusion assay and total antioxidant...
Middle East Journal of Scientific Research
Industrialization results in urbanization, mainly due to efflux of population from rural areas, w... more Industrialization results in urbanization, mainly due to efflux of population from rural areas, which often creates different kinds of pollution. The explosion of urban populations in limited resources may lower the life quality and severely imbalance the economy of country. Current study was done in view of various such reports on increasing pollution problems in industrial areas, to analyze the status of heavy metals in irrigation water in Bahawalpur district, Pakistan. Two study sites were selected in the periurban areas of Bahawalpur city (site 1 Village Bindra and site 2 Jhangiwala) and collected the water samples for qualitative analyses including physical characteristics, ionic concentration (meql ) and heavy metals (As, Pb, Hg, Ni) (ppm). By comparing 1 the national and international standards, it was found that, pH is in the permissible limits. Electrical conductivity (EC), Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC) and Organic Matter (OM) level are higher in top soil layers and become...
Pakistan journal of pharmaceutical sciences, 2004
o-Phthalaldehyde (OPA) reacts with primary amino group in a compound in presence of a thiol (RSH)... more o-Phthalaldehyde (OPA) reacts with primary amino group in a compound in presence of a thiol (RSH) and in an alkaline medium to give a soluble product called isoindole. This is a fluorescent compound, yet it has been exploited for spectrophotometric study by measuring the absorbance at 340 nm which is the wavelength for excitation of the molecule. The spectrophotometric method has successfully been employed in the quantitative estimation of sulfonamides such as sulfadiazine, sulfanilamide and sulfamethoxazole, all containing a primary amino group. The detection ranges from 0.01 to 0.24 mg/ml of the active ingredient in different samples containing sulfonamides. The respective standard curves were linear in the given range and the relative standard deviation of the mean response factor ranged from 1.95-2.08%. 2-methyl-2-propane thiol (2MPT) has been used in the derivatization reaction for the formation of OPA-adduct and borate buffer of pH 10.0 has been used to maintain the medium alk...
Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry, 1999
Trace amounts of boron present as impurity in steel can be accurately determined by measuring the... more Trace amounts of boron present as impurity in steel can be accurately determined by measuring the co-yield in I~ (n,~) 7Li reaction, since this reaction has a very high cross section for thermal and epithermal neutrons while natural boron contains significant isotopic abundance of l~ The a-particles produced during l~ (n,oc) 7Li nuclear reactions can be detected by solid state nuclear track detectors (SSNTDs) and the boron content and its distribution can be determined in a sample. The technique involves the simultaneous irradiation of unknown and known samples with thermal neutrons and recording the reaction products in SSNTDs as c~-tracks. The c~-tracks in the detectors are counted with the aid of an optical microscope after chemical etching. Boron concentration and distribution in the unknown sample is determined by counting and comparing the track density with that of standard sample of known boron concentration. The technique of SSNTDs has been applied by us to determine the distribution of trace amount of boron in commercial alloy steel using LR-115, CA80-15, CN-85 and CR-39 detectors. All these detectors pose various problems during reactor irradiation and etching. However, CR-39 has been found to be suitable l~br determining the magnitude and distribution of boron in steel. A brief description of the method and the optimum irradiation and etching conditions of various detectors for cx-track revelation along with results for the estimation of boron in alloy steel arc described in this paper.
A study was conducted in Jamber Khurd, a union council of Tehsil Pattoki, district Kasur in Punja... more A study was conducted in Jamber Khurd, a union council of Tehsil Pattoki, district Kasur in Punjab province, Pakistan, in order to determine the effects of using polluted water for irrigation which disturbed the quality of ground water and then its ultimate effects on the environment and health of common man living in the area. Different water quality parameters were studied in ground water samples that includes physico-chemical parameters (pH, temperature, dissolved oxygen, conductivity, turbidity and total dissolved solids), anions (carbonates, bicarbonates and chlorides), cations (sodium, calcium and magnesium), biological parameters like total coliform (faecal coliform and e- coli), heavy metals (manganese, nickel, chromium, lead, copper, cobalt, iron and zinc), Sodium absorption ratio (SAR) and residual sodium carbonate (RSC). The results were compared with National Environment Quality Standards (NEQS). The results of the study show that, the use of polluted water increases the...
Summary: Analysis of ground water of Bahawalpur city, Pakistan, has been made to evaluate its sui... more Summary: Analysis of ground water of Bahawalpur city, Pakistan, has been made to evaluate its suitability for domestic use. Water samples from populated areas of the city were subjected to various physicochemical investigations. Physical properties of ground water were assessed by determining color, odor, electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved salts (TDS), alkalinity and dissolved oxygen (DO). Whereas, its chemical nature was evaluated by estimating pH, Cl , F , NO3 , SO4 -2 , essential (Na, K, Ca, Mg) and heavy (Fe, Ni, Cr, As, Pb) metals. The presence of coliform bacteria was also checked and 75% samples were found contaminated. The analysis of physicochemical data, with reference to PSI and WHO standards, revealed that some of the estimated parameters were well within the limit, while others exceeded hydrochemical standards. The data was also subjected to correlation study to check the association among estimated parameters. Relation of important water quality parameters w...
Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2017
In this study, effluents from four different fertilizer industrial units, producing different fer... more In this study, effluents from four different fertilizer industrial units, producing different fertilizers have been analyzed for various physicochemical features. The color, odour, temperature, pH, electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS), Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), chloride (Cl −), fluoride (F −), carbonate (CO 3 2−), bicarbonate (HCO 3 1−), ammonia (NH 3), nitrate (NO 3 −), nitrite (NO 2 −), phosphate (PO 4 3−), sulphate (SO 4 2−), sodium (Na), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), zinc (Zn), chromium (Cr) and lead (Pb) were determined using standard analytical procedures. The values of measured parameters were found significantly (P b 0.05) higher than the permissible limits recommended for wastewater. In comparison to national environmental quality standards, it was concluded that the effluents from fertilizer industries require proper treatment prior to discharge into the environment.
Acta Crystallographica Section E Structure Reports Online, 2010
In continuation of our studies of pyrazole derivatives (Ather et al., 2010a,b,c,d), the title com... more In continuation of our studies of pyrazole derivatives (Ather et al., 2010a,b,c,d), the title compound (I, Fig. 1) is being reported here.
Desalination and Water Treatment, 2013
Dyes are usually present in trace quantities in the treated effluents of many industries. The eff... more Dyes are usually present in trace quantities in the treated effluents of many industries. The effectiveness of adsorption for dye removal from wastewaters has made it an ideal alternative to other expensive treatment methods. Biosorption of acid yellow (AY17), a monoazo acid dye, was investigated using Typha angustata L. as biosorbent in a batch system with respect to initial pH, temperature, initial dye concentration, biosorbent dosage, and contact time. The biomass exhibited the highest dye uptake capacity at 303 K, initial pH value of 2, the initial dye concentration of 150 mg/L, biosorbent dosage of 0.5 g and contact time of 40 min. The extent of dye removal increased with increase in time, biosorbent dosage and decreased with increase in temperature. The equilibrium sorption capacity of the biomass increased on increasing the initial dye concentration up to 150 mg/L and then started decreasing in the studied concentration up to 600 mg/L. The experimental results have shown that the acidic pH favors the biosorption. Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption model is used for the mathematical description of the biosorption equilibrium and isotherm constants are evaluated at different temperatures. Equilibrium data fitted very well to the Freundlich model in the studied concentration (25-600 mg/L) and temperature (303-323 K) ranges. The pseudo-first-and second-order kinetic models were also applied to the experimental data. The results indicated that the dye uptake process followed the pseudosecond-order rate expression and the adsorption rate constants increased with increasing concentration. The adsorption results in this study indicated that all the adsorbents were attractive candidates for removing acidic dyes from dye wastewater.
International Journal of Basic & Applied Sciences, 2010
A study was conducted in Jamber Khurd, a union council of Tehsil Pattoki, district Kasur in Punja... more A study was conducted in Jamber Khurd, a union council of Tehsil Pattoki, district Kasur in Punjab province, Pakistan, in order to determine the effects of using polluted water for irrigation which disturbed the quality of ground water and then its ultimate effects on the environment and health of common man living in the area. Different water quality parameters were studied in ground water samples that includes physico-chemical parameters (pH, temperature, dissolved oxygen, conductivity, turbidity and total dissolved ...
Abstract: A study was conducted to evaluate the wastewater impacts on irrigated soil and groundwa... more Abstract: A study was conducted to evaluate the wastewater impacts on irrigated soil and groundwater. Different physico-chemical properties (i.e. pH, electrical conductivity (EC), alkalinity, total dissolved salts + + + +- 2-
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Papers by karamat mehmood