Papers by Waldemar Zangaro
Journal of Environment Quality, 2013
Journal of Environment Quality, 2016
RESUMO: Relata-se a incidência da colonização de micorriza arbuscular (MA) e a resposta à inocula... more RESUMO: Relata-se a incidência da colonização de micorriza arbuscular (MA) e a resposta à inoculação em 81 espécies arbóreas nativas da bacia do rio Tibagi (PR), em condições de casa de vegetação. Também é relatada a incidência da colonização de MA em 51 espécies arbóreas nativas coletadas em áreas em início de sucessão arbórea e no interior da floresta estacional semidecidual do Parque Estadual Mata dos Godoy, Londrina (PR). A resposta à inoculação e à colonização de MA em casa de vegetação foi geralmente elevada entre as espécies pioneiras e secundárias iniciais, sendo baixa entre as secundárias tardias e muito baixa entre as clímaces. Em nove espécies arbóreas, pertencentes às secundárias tardias e clímaces, não houve respostas à inoculação. Nas amostras das raízes oriundas do campo, a incidência da colonização de MA foi de alta a média para as espécies pioneiras e secundárias iniciais e de baixa a muito baixa entre as secundárias tardias e clímaces. Apenas Peltophorum dubium (canafístula), Zeyheria tuberculosa (ipê-felpudo) e Aspidosperma polyneuron (peroba-rosa) não responderam à inoculação e não apresentaram colonização de MA nas raízes oriundas da casa de vegetação e do campo. As demais espécies apresentaram colonização de MA que variou de muito elevada para muito baixa, indicando que a ocorrência da colonização de MA é generalizada entre as espécies arbóreas nativas. As espécies que pertencem às fases iniciais da sucessão foram mais susceptíveis à simbiose de MA do que as espécies tardias.
Semina: Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, 1985
Journal of Tropical Ecology, 2014
2014). Arbuscular mycorrhizas increase survival, precocity and owering of herbaceous and shrubby... more 2014). Arbuscular mycorrhizas increase survival, precocity and owering of herbaceous and shrubby species of early stages of tropical succession in pot cultivation. Abstract: Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are an important biotic factor that influences tropical ecological succession and differently affect the woody species belonging to different successional stages. However, little is known about the influence of AMF on growth and reproduction of herbaceous and shrubby species of early phases of tropical succession. Thus, we assessed the effect of AMF on the development of 27 heliophilous herbaceous and shrubby tropical species. Plants were grown in greenhouse, in low-and high-fertility soils, with or without AMF, for 100 d. Most species grown with AMF exhibited high root infection intensity (80%), irrespective of soil fertility. In the low-fertility soil, non-mycorrhizal plants exhibited about 88% less shoot dry mass (SDM) than mycorrhizal plants, and AMF were crucial for the survival of most species. Non-mycorrhizal plants also had lower relative growth rate (RGR), total leaf area (TLA), leaf area expansion (LAE) and total root length (TRL). Six species flowered in the low-fertility soil, and flowering increased with AMF in one plant species and four species only flowered when mycorrhizal. In the high-fertility soil, non-mycorrhizal plants exhibited about 13% less SDM than mycorrhizal plants and also exhibited lower TLA, LAE, and nutrient concentrations in shoots. On the other hand, no major changes were observed for RGR, TRL and root dry mass for most of the species. Sixteen plant species flowered in the high-fertility soil, but most had earlier (11) and more abundant (10) flowering when mycorrhizal. Thus, AMF have different influences on the survival, growth and flowering of herbaceous and shrubby tropical species, depending on soil fertility: in low-fertility soil, AMF especially affect the survival, growth and flowering, whereas in high-fertility soil, AMF mainly influence the shoot nutrient concentrations and flowering.
Scientia Agricola, 2008
Some diazotrophic bacteria can fix nitrogen biologically in gramineous host plants. Generally, gr... more Some diazotrophic bacteria can fix nitrogen biologically in gramineous host plants. Generally, gramineous plants are also associated with mycorrhizal fungi, that can improve mainly plant P uptake. Among the factors affecting plant-microbe interactions, the plant genotype plays an important role. This study evaluates the effect of diazotrophic bacteria and an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (AMF), on five genotypes of maize (Zea mays L.), in relation to plant biomass, shoot N and P concentrations, and fine root morphological traits. The experimental design was entirely randomized in a factorial 5 × 4 × 2 arrangement, i.e., five maize genotypes (hybrids C333B, AS3466, and PREMIUM, and the inbreed lines lg40897-1 and lg40505-1), three diazotrophic bacteria (Azospirillum lipoferum, A. amazonense, and Burkholderia sp.) in addition to a control without bacterial inoculation, co-inoculated or not with the AMF Glomus clarum. The non-mycorrhizal plants inoculated with Azospirillum exhibited the highest N concentrations. The lines lg40897-1 and lg40505-1 showed higher P concentrations as compared to the hybrids, mainly when colonized by AMF. The higher levels of mycorrhizal colonization (90%) occurred in the C333B and lg40897-1 genotypes, which also exhibited a greater root diameter. Mycorrhiza increased shoot and root biomass, besides root traits as total length, specific length, total surface, and incidence of root hairs in all genotypes. In addition, mycorrhiza also stimulated the root colonization by diazotrophic bacteria. The bacteria did not affect root morphological traits and mycorrhizal colonization.
Mycorrhiza, 2008
Fine root morphological traits and distribution, arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi, soil fertilit... more Fine root morphological traits and distribution, arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi, soil fertility, and nutrient concentration in fine root tissue were compared in sites under different successional phases: grass plants, secondary forest, and mature forest in Londrina county, Paraná state, southern Brazil. Soil cores were collected randomly at the 0-10-and 10-20-cm depths in three quadrants (50 m 2 ) in each site. Plants from the different successional stages displayed high differences in fine root distribution, fine root traits, and mycorrhizal root colonization. There were increases in the concentration of nutrients both in soil and fine roots and decrease of bulk soil density along the succession. The fine root biomass and diameter increased with the succession progress. The total fine root length, specific root length, root hair length, and root hair incidence decreased with the succession advance. Similarly, the mycorrhizal root colonization and the density of AM fungi spores in the soil decreased along the succession. Mycorrhizal root colonization and spore density were positively correlated with fine root length, specific root length, root hair length, root hair incidence, and bulk density and negatively correlated with fine root diameter and concentration of some nutrients both in soil and root tissues. Nutrient concentration in root tissue and in soil was positively correlated with fine root diameter and negatively correlated with specific root length, root hair length, and root hair incidence. These results suggest different adaptation strategies of plant roots for soil exploration and mineral acquisition among the different successional stages. Early successional stages displayed plants with fine root morphology and AM fungi colonization to improve the root functional efficiencies for uptake of nutrients and faster soil resource exploration. Late successional stages displayed plants with fine root morphology and mycorrhizal symbiosis for both a lower rate of soil proliferation and soil exploration capacity to acquire nutrients.
Mycorrhiza, 2013
The influence of plant functional groups and moderate seasonality on arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) ... more The influence of plant functional groups and moderate seasonality on arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungal status (root colonization and spore density) was investigated during 13 consecutive months in a chronosequence of succession in southern Brazil, consisting of grassland field, scrub vegetation, secondary forest and mature forest, in a region of transition from tropical to subtropical zones. AM root colonization and spore density decreased with advancing succession and were highest in early successional sites with grassland and scrub vegetation, intermediary in the secondary forest and lowest in the mature forest. They were little influenced by soil properties, but were sufficiently influenced by the fine root nutrient status and fine root traits among different functional plant groups. AM root colonization and spore density were higher during the favourable plant growth season (spring and summer) than during the less favourable plant growth season (autumn and winter). Spore density displayed significant seasonal variation at all sites, whilst root colonization displayed significant seasonal variation in grassland, scrub and secondary forest, but not in mature forest. The data suggest that (1) different plant functional groups display different relationships with AM fungi, influencing their abundance differentially; (2) plant species from early successional phases are more susceptible to AM root colonization and maintain higher AM sporulation than late successional species; (3) fine root traits and nutrient status influence these AM fungal attributes; and (4) higher AM spore production and root colonization is associated with the season of higher light incidence and temperature, abundant water in soil and higher plant metabolic activity.
Journal of Tropical Ecology, 2012
. Infection intensity, spore density and inoculum potential of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi decre... more . Infection intensity, spore density and inoculum potential of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi decrease during secondary succession in tropical Brazilian ecosystems.
Journal of Tropical Ecology, 2003
Journal of Tropical Ecology, 2005
... Waldemar Zangaro1, Fabio Rodrigo Nishidate, Flavia Regina Spago Camargo, Graziela Gorete Roma... more ... Waldemar Zangaro1, Fabio Rodrigo Nishidate, Flavia Regina Spago Camargo, Graziela Gorete Romagnoli and Julia Vandressen ... species were collected in the interior under canopy of the Mata dos Godoy State Park tropical forest (23 ◦ 27 S, 51 ◦ 15 W) and in a cleared area ...
Journal of Tropical Ecology, 2000
Seedlings from 43 native woody species belonging to different successional groups from the Tibagi... more Seedlings from 43 native woody species belonging to different successional groups from the Tibagi River Basin, Paraná State, South Brazil were studied to obtain information on the importance of colonization by native arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse for 15 to 45 wk, with soil-mix treatments and four successional groups. The mycorrhizal dependency was 90, 48, 12 and 14% of the pioneer, early secondary, late secondary and climax species, respectively. The content of P, Ca and K was 20, 17 and 23 times greater, respectively, in the leaves of the pioneer species than in the other successional groups. The colonization by AM fungi in field was studied in seedlings of 36 native woody species collected in the interior of the forest of the Mata dos Godoy State Park, and in open area at the beginning of arboreal succession. The mycorrhizal colonization in the field was 55.5, 26.9, 6.1 and 2.2% for the pioneer, early secondary, late secondary and climax species, respectively. To assess the mycorrhizal inoculum potential, rhizosphere soil was collected in the interior of the forest and a gap in the same forest and in a cleared area abandoned for natural regeneration. The inoculum potentials and the spore number in the area at the beginning of succession were 5.6 and 53.4 times greater than in the interior of the forest. The results show that the initial growth of the woody species which take part in the initial phases of succession may be more dependent on the AM fungi, in soils poor in minerals, while those that make up the final succession phases may be less dependent. The potential of the AM fungi inoculum decreases throughout the successional process and there is a relation between the inoculum potential found in the field and the occurrence for the different habitats of the species of adult plants belonging to different successional groups.
Journal of Tropical Ecology, 2014
Journal of Tropical Ecology, 2007
Journal of Tropical Ecology (2007) 23:5362. Copyright © 2007 Cambridge University Press doi:10.1... more Journal of Tropical Ecology (2007) 23:5362. Copyright © 2007 Cambridge University Press doi:10.1017/S0266467406003713 Printed in the United Kingdom ... Root mycorrhizal colonization and plant responsiveness are related to root ... Waldemar Zangaro ∗1 , Fabio Rodrigo ...
European Journal of Soil Biology, 2013
Carbon plays a key role in determining soil health, which is defined as the soil's capacity to ma... more Carbon plays a key role in determining soil health, which is defined as the soil's capacity to maintain environmental functions and biological productivity. In this study, C cycling was evaluated in soils along a gradient of land use, from native forest (NF), reforested sites (secondary forest e SF, Araucaria angustifolia e AR, Pinus elliottii e PI), clear-cut P. elliottii stands (CT) to farmland (AG). NF, AR, and SF sites had lower litter C:N ratios than PI, CT, and AG sites. Soils under forests had more organic C than CT and AG soils, whereas soils with native species had more microbial biomass C than PI, CT and AG soils. Both metabolic quotient (qCO 2 ) and dehydrogenase activity increased with land use. Multivariate analysis revealed that soils of AR and SF were similar to NF and differed from CT and AG, which had higher qCO 2 and dehydrogenase activity, suggesting microbial stress. Litter C:N ratios and soil microbial biomass C, moisture, CO 2 evolution, and cellulase activity discriminated most effectively between land uses. Reforestation with native species restored soil properties to levels similar to those in NF, being more sustainable, whereas reforestation with the exotic P. elliottii made soils more similar to AG soils.
Biotropica, 2012
The functional groups of plants that characterize different phases of succession are expected to ... more The functional groups of plants that characterize different phases of succession are expected to show differences in root distribution, fine-root traits and degrees of association with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi. The relationship involving fine-root traits and AM fungi that regulate the nutrient acquisition potential among different plant functional groups are still not well understood. We assessed fine-root morphology, AM fungal variables and soil fertility in grassland, secondary forest and mature forest in Atlantic, Araucaria and Pantanal ecosystems in Brazil. Soil cores were collected at 0-10 and 10-20 cm depths. Fine roots were extracted from soil by sieving and root morphological traits and AM colonization were determined. The AM spores were extracted from soil and counted. In all ecosystems, soil fertility, fine-root mass and root diameter increased with the succession, while root length, specific root length, root-hair length, root-hair incidence, AM colonization and AM spore density decreased. These results suggest that plant species from early stages of tropical succession with inherent rapid growth invest in fine roots and maintain a high degree of AM colonization in order to increase the capacity for nutrient acquisition. Conversely, fine root morphological characteristics and low degree of AM colonization exhibited by plants of the later stages of succession lead toward a low nutrient uptake capacity that combine with their typical low growth rates.
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Papers by Waldemar Zangaro