bl ic Di sc lo su re A ut ho riz ed Pu bl ic Di sc lo su re A ut ho riz ed Pu bl ic Di sc lo su r... more bl ic Di sc lo su re A ut ho riz ed Pu bl ic Di sc lo su re A ut ho riz ed Pu bl ic Di sc lo su re A ut ho riz ed Pu bl ic Di sc lo su re A ut ho riz ed Produced by the Research Support Team
India is widely considered a success story in terms of growth and poverty reduction. In just over... more India is widely considered a success story in terms of growth and poverty reduction. In just over two decades, national poverty rates have fallen by more than 20 percentage points, from 45.6 percent in 1983 to 27.5 percent in 2004-05. However it is widely acknowledged that growth has not touched everyone equitably and that many groups are left behind amid improving living standards. Among them are tribal groups identified by the constitution as scheduled tribes, though their self-preferred term is adivasi (literally 'original inhabitants'). Comprising about 8 percent of India's population, they account for a fourth of the population living in the poorest wealth decile. The starkest marker of tribal deprivation is child mortality. Under-five mortality rates among tribal children in rural areas remain startlingly high (at about 100 deaths per 1,000 live births in 2005 compared with 82 among all children). Unlike other excluded groups in India, such as scheduled castes, tri...
The global moving out of poverty study is unique in several respects. It is one of the few large-... more The global moving out of poverty study is unique in several respects. It is one of the few large-scale comparative research efforts to focus on mobility out of poverty rather than on poverty alone. The study draws together the experiences of poor women and men who have managed to move out of poverty over time and the processes and local institutions that have helped or hindered their efforts. It is also the first time that a World Bank report draws on people's own understanding of freedom, democracy, equality, empowerment, and aspirations-and how these affect poor people in different growth, social, and political contexts. By giving primacy to people's own experiences and how they define poverty, the study provides several new insights to develop more effective strategies to reduce poverty. The study finds that poor people take lots of initiative, in many cases even more than those who are better off. There are millions and millions of tiny poor entrepreneurs. The investment climate of these tiny entrepreneurs has not been a centerpiece of poverty strategies. Too often, poor people do not face a level playing field. Despite the micro credit revolution, poor people remain outside of most financial services; and large lenders remain reluctant to lend to micro enterprises and micro entrepreneurs. New institutional models and financial instruments are needed to serve poor people's financial needs and give them the capital they need to expand their businesses and connect to markets.
India is widely considered a success story in terms of growth and poverty reduction. In just over... more India is widely considered a success story in terms of growth and poverty reduction. In just over two decades, national poverty rates have fallen by more than 20 percentage points, from 45.6 percent in 1983 to 27.5 percent in 2004–05. However it is widely acknowledged that growth has not touched everyone equitably and that many groups are left behind amid improving living standards. Among them are tribal groups identified by the Constitution as Scheduled Tribes, though their self-preferred term is Adivasi (literally “original inhabitants”). Comprising about 8 percent of India’s population, they account for a fourth of the population living in the poorest wealth decile. Their poverty rates are closer to where the general population was 20 years ago (figure 1). While they have seen considerable progress —poverty among tribal groups declined by more than a third over 1983–2005—yet nearly half the country’s Scheduled Tribe population remains in poverty, an indication of their low starti...
The Moving Out of Poverty Study: An Overview Stories About the Poor, Stories by the Poor Poverty ... more The Moving Out of Poverty Study: An Overview Stories About the Poor, Stories by the Poor Poverty Is a Condition, Not a Characteristic I Believe I Can The Myth of Equal Opportunity All Politics Is Local: How Better Governance Helps the Poor The Unfulfilled Potential of Collective Action Concluding Reflections
Poor people work hard and are the most motivated to move out of poverty. Yet pervasive inequality... more Poor people work hard and are the most motivated to move out of poverty. Yet pervasive inequality in opportunity, agency, organization and human development prevents them from getting fair returns and keeps them trapped in poverty. The demise of the Washington Consensus has created a need for new consensus that supports poor people's direct participation in economic growth on fairer terms. This paper proposes creating wealth from below as a new strategy to support market based approaches that are value based and build on poor people's strengths. It requires breaking through the ideological mindsets of state vs. civil society vs. private sector. This paper uses the framework of opportunity structure and agency as the two building blocks to understand the obstacles to economic empowerment in an unequal world. Opportunity structure consists of the institutional climate and the deeper political and social structures that govern the interaction between poor people and other actor...
The global moving out of poverty study is unique in several respects. It is one of the few large-... more The global moving out of poverty study is unique in several respects. It is one of the few large-scale comparative research efforts to focus on mobility out of poverty rather than on poverty alone. The study draws together the experiences of poor women and men who have managed to move out of poverty over time and the processes and local institutions that have helped or hindered their efforts. It is also the first time that a World Bank report draws on people's own understanding of freedom, democracy, equality, empowerment, and aspirations-and how these affect poor people in different growth, social, and political contexts. By giving primacy to people's own experiences and how they define poverty, the study provides several new insights to develop more effective strategies to reduce poverty. The study finds that poor people take lots of initiative, in many cases even more than those who are better off. There are millions and millions of tiny poor entrepreneurs. The investment...
Poor people work hard and are the most motivated to move out of poverty. Yet pervasive inequality... more Poor people work hard and are the most motivated to move out of poverty. Yet pervasive inequality in opportunity, agency, organization and human development prevents them from getting fair returns and keeps them trapped in poverty.
bl ic Di sc lo su re A ut ho riz ed Pu bl ic Di sc lo su re A ut ho riz ed Pu bl ic Di sc lo su r... more bl ic Di sc lo su re A ut ho riz ed Pu bl ic Di sc lo su re A ut ho riz ed Pu bl ic Di sc lo su re A ut ho riz ed Pu bl ic Di sc lo su re A ut ho riz ed Produced by the Research Support Team
India is widely considered a success story in terms of growth and poverty reduction. In just over... more India is widely considered a success story in terms of growth and poverty reduction. In just over two decades, national poverty rates have fallen by more than 20 percentage points, from 45.6 percent in 1983 to 27.5 percent in 2004-05. However it is widely acknowledged that growth has not touched everyone equitably and that many groups are left behind amid improving living standards. Among them are tribal groups identified by the constitution as scheduled tribes, though their self-preferred term is adivasi (literally 'original inhabitants'). Comprising about 8 percent of India's population, they account for a fourth of the population living in the poorest wealth decile. The starkest marker of tribal deprivation is child mortality. Under-five mortality rates among tribal children in rural areas remain startlingly high (at about 100 deaths per 1,000 live births in 2005 compared with 82 among all children). Unlike other excluded groups in India, such as scheduled castes, tri...
The global moving out of poverty study is unique in several respects. It is one of the few large-... more The global moving out of poverty study is unique in several respects. It is one of the few large-scale comparative research efforts to focus on mobility out of poverty rather than on poverty alone. The study draws together the experiences of poor women and men who have managed to move out of poverty over time and the processes and local institutions that have helped or hindered their efforts. It is also the first time that a World Bank report draws on people's own understanding of freedom, democracy, equality, empowerment, and aspirations-and how these affect poor people in different growth, social, and political contexts. By giving primacy to people's own experiences and how they define poverty, the study provides several new insights to develop more effective strategies to reduce poverty. The study finds that poor people take lots of initiative, in many cases even more than those who are better off. There are millions and millions of tiny poor entrepreneurs. The investment climate of these tiny entrepreneurs has not been a centerpiece of poverty strategies. Too often, poor people do not face a level playing field. Despite the micro credit revolution, poor people remain outside of most financial services; and large lenders remain reluctant to lend to micro enterprises and micro entrepreneurs. New institutional models and financial instruments are needed to serve poor people's financial needs and give them the capital they need to expand their businesses and connect to markets.
India is widely considered a success story in terms of growth and poverty reduction. In just over... more India is widely considered a success story in terms of growth and poverty reduction. In just over two decades, national poverty rates have fallen by more than 20 percentage points, from 45.6 percent in 1983 to 27.5 percent in 2004–05. However it is widely acknowledged that growth has not touched everyone equitably and that many groups are left behind amid improving living standards. Among them are tribal groups identified by the Constitution as Scheduled Tribes, though their self-preferred term is Adivasi (literally “original inhabitants”). Comprising about 8 percent of India’s population, they account for a fourth of the population living in the poorest wealth decile. Their poverty rates are closer to where the general population was 20 years ago (figure 1). While they have seen considerable progress —poverty among tribal groups declined by more than a third over 1983–2005—yet nearly half the country’s Scheduled Tribe population remains in poverty, an indication of their low starti...
The Moving Out of Poverty Study: An Overview Stories About the Poor, Stories by the Poor Poverty ... more The Moving Out of Poverty Study: An Overview Stories About the Poor, Stories by the Poor Poverty Is a Condition, Not a Characteristic I Believe I Can The Myth of Equal Opportunity All Politics Is Local: How Better Governance Helps the Poor The Unfulfilled Potential of Collective Action Concluding Reflections
Poor people work hard and are the most motivated to move out of poverty. Yet pervasive inequality... more Poor people work hard and are the most motivated to move out of poverty. Yet pervasive inequality in opportunity, agency, organization and human development prevents them from getting fair returns and keeps them trapped in poverty. The demise of the Washington Consensus has created a need for new consensus that supports poor people's direct participation in economic growth on fairer terms. This paper proposes creating wealth from below as a new strategy to support market based approaches that are value based and build on poor people's strengths. It requires breaking through the ideological mindsets of state vs. civil society vs. private sector. This paper uses the framework of opportunity structure and agency as the two building blocks to understand the obstacles to economic empowerment in an unequal world. Opportunity structure consists of the institutional climate and the deeper political and social structures that govern the interaction between poor people and other actor...
The global moving out of poverty study is unique in several respects. It is one of the few large-... more The global moving out of poverty study is unique in several respects. It is one of the few large-scale comparative research efforts to focus on mobility out of poverty rather than on poverty alone. The study draws together the experiences of poor women and men who have managed to move out of poverty over time and the processes and local institutions that have helped or hindered their efforts. It is also the first time that a World Bank report draws on people's own understanding of freedom, democracy, equality, empowerment, and aspirations-and how these affect poor people in different growth, social, and political contexts. By giving primacy to people's own experiences and how they define poverty, the study provides several new insights to develop more effective strategies to reduce poverty. The study finds that poor people take lots of initiative, in many cases even more than those who are better off. There are millions and millions of tiny poor entrepreneurs. The investment...
Poor people work hard and are the most motivated to move out of poverty. Yet pervasive inequality... more Poor people work hard and are the most motivated to move out of poverty. Yet pervasive inequality in opportunity, agency, organization and human development prevents them from getting fair returns and keeps them trapped in poverty.
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Papers by Soumya Kapoor