Papers by Shiori Yonemoto
PLOS ONE
Intentional cranial modification has a long history, being a ubiquitous practice in many cultures... more Intentional cranial modification has a long history, being a ubiquitous practice in many cultures around the world for millennia. The crania excavated at the Hirota site on Tanegashima Island, Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan, has been previously noted to have a marked tendency toward a short head and a flattened occipital bone, which has been suggested to be the result of artificial cranial deformation. However, whether this deformation was intentional or caused by unintentional habits remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the characteristics of the cranial shape of the Hirota site to clarify whether the crania were intentionally modified. In the examination of Hirota crania, Kyushu Island Jomon and Doigahama Yayoi crania were added as comparative data and contrasted with three-dimensional (3D) surface scan imaging and two-dimensional outline-based geometric morphometric analysis, combined with objective assessments of potential cranial modification. The results showcased Hir...
3D Data Acquisition for Bioarchaeology, Forensic Anthropology, and Archaeology, 2019
This chapter is a brief introduction to the virtual environment for working with three-dimensiona... more This chapter is a brief introduction to the virtual environment for working with three-dimensional data. The chapter will introduce terminology, software and file formats, various alignment methods, surface scanner data collection, a discussion of source of error on data collection on surface scan, and processing of the mesh model. Software topics include open source software and commercial software for model processing and data management. Because the methods of data capture and model processing varies between technologies and different equipment, this chapter also discusses how to capture surface data in cross-compatible formats, data management, processing mesh data, cleaning data, and decimation of the data for open source software and commercial software. To tie this together for research design, this chapter also suggests “workflow” for surface scan data collection for the beginners, as well as model processing protocols.
3D Data Acquisition for Bioarchaeology, Forensic Anthropology, and Archaeology, 2019
This chapter will outline validity testing of the use of mixed data, where a sample is comprised ... more This chapter will outline validity testing of the use of mixed data, where a sample is comprised of 3D data collected using more than one methodology. It examines intraobserver error between landmark data acquisition using a Microscribe and landmark data acquisition using the program Stratovan Checkpoint (Stratovan Corporation, Davis, CA) on 3D mesh models. This chapter discusses whether these two types of landmark data can be combined together, and it concludes that landmark data have a sufficiently low “margin of error” under a well-designed experiment. It also discusses the observation that semilandmark data have a significant interobserver error on the “difficult to capture” curve of crania collected using Microscribe. This chapter demonstrates that the difficulty of visualization and collection using Microscribe is markedly higher and when compared with the virtual data collection method, virtual data collection results in a truer, more accurate set of data for analysis.
(Fig. 3). Two graves and two ritual stone structures belonging to the Bronze Age were excavated a... more (Fig. 3). Two graves and two ritual stone structures belonging to the Bronze Age were excavated at this site. These research projects were interdisciplinary in nature, covering not only archaeology but also physical anthropology and chemical archaeology. One of the goals of the research was to investigate the mobility of Bronze Age herding peoples in Mongolia. As such, Strontium analysis on human skeletal remains from Khyar Kharaach Site was conducted. Physical anthropological analysis and radiocarbon dating on the skeletal remains were also conducted. This interdisciplinary research was carried out with the goal of shedding light on the movement and reformation of groups of herding peoples in Bronze Age Mongolia, as well as establishing a burial chronology for the Bronze Age in the Mongolian Plateau, including for round graves and figured graves. Fig.1 Location of excavations by Mongolian and Japanese joint research group
International Journal of Paleopathology, 2019
The earliest evidence of human tuberculosis can be traced to at least the early dynastic periods,... more The earliest evidence of human tuberculosis can be traced to at least the early dynastic periods, when full-scaled wet-rice agriculture began or entered its early developmental stages, in circum-China countries (Japan, Korea, and Thailand). Early studies indicated that the initial spread of tuberculosis coincided with the development of wet-rice agriculture. It has been proposed that the adaptation to agriculture changed human social/living environments, coincidentally favoring survival and spread of pathogenic Mycobacterial strains that cause tuberculosis. Here we present a possible case of spinal tuberculosis evident in the remains of a young female (M191) found among 184 skeletal individuals who were Neolithic wet-rice agriculturalists from the Yangtze River Delta of China, associated with Songze culture (3900-3200 B.C.). This early evidence of tuberculosis in East Asia serves as an example of early human morbidity following the adoption of the wet-rice agriculture.
American journal of human biology : the official journal of the Human Biology Council, Jan 10, 2017
We explore variations in body and limb proportions of the Jomon hunter-gatherers (14,000-2500 BP)... more We explore variations in body and limb proportions of the Jomon hunter-gatherers (14,000-2500 BP), the Yayoi agriculturalists (2500-1700 BP) of Japan, and the Kumejima Islanders of the Ryukyus (1600-1800 AD) with 11 geographically diverse skeletal postcranial samples from Africa, Europe, Asia, Australia, and North America using brachial-crural indices, femur head-breadth-to-femur length ratio, femur head-breadth-to-lower-limb-length ratio, and body mass as indicators of phenotypic climatic adaptation. Specifically, we test the hypothesis that variation in limb proportions seen in Jomon, Yayoi, and Kumejima is a complex interaction of genetic adaptation; development and allometric constraints; selection, gene flow and genetic drift with changing cultural factors (i.e., nutrition) and climate. The skeletal data (1127 individuals) were subjected to principle components analysis, Manly's permutation multiple regression tests, and Relethford-Blangero analysis. The results of Manly...
The Encyclopedia of Archaeological Sciences, 2018
Reactivity of various calcium carbonate samples for fl ue gas desulfurization was tested. Two gro... more Reactivity of various calcium carbonate samples for fl ue gas desulfurization was tested. Two groups of CaCO 3 samples were considered; natural limestone containing calcite phase dominantly and samples prepared by the conversion of gypsum with ammonium and carbon dioxide (precipitated CaCO 3) containing different amounts of calcite, aragonite and vaterite. Reactivity of precipitated calcium carbonate depends primarily on the particle size, similarly as in case of industrial samples. The initial reaction rate was comparable with the industrial limestones for samples with the average particle size lower than 15 μm. However, the conversion of laboratory samples was signifi cantly higher after 5 min of the reaction. Phase composition of the precipitated calcium carbonate has a minor but noticeable impact on the reactivity. The presence of vaterite slightly increased the reactivity, which is in accordance with its lower compact structure in comparison with calcite and aragonite. Unexpected effect of the increased content of aragonite, which is the most compact phase in comparison with calcite and vaterite, was observed. If calcium carbonate contains up to approximately 30 % of aragonite the reactivity increases, which can be explained by the SEM pictures showing agglomerate composition with relatively high specifi c surface. At higher contents of aragonite, the reactivity decreases. All the obtained results proved the suitability of precipitated CaCO 3 prepared from fl ue gas desulfurization gypsum to be recycled in the fl ue gas desulfurization process.
American journal of physical anthropology, 2016
This study aims to determine the impacts of both age and physical activity on entheseal changes a... more This study aims to determine the impacts of both age and physical activity on entheseal changes at sites of muscle and ligament attachment, and proposes that the influence of age on entheseal changes may depend on specific social systems. Entheseal markers of 193 individuals excavated from archaeological sites in Japan were examined, and archaeological evidence from those sites was used to determine the subsistence activities that those individuals engaged in. Fifteenth-century samples were either fishermen or Agehamashiki salt manufacturers, while samples from between the late 17(th) century and the 19(th) century were peasants, townspeople, or samurai. Nineteen entheses were examined using the scoring method of Hawkey and Merbs (1995) to clarify the degree to which age influenced entheseal severity of a given sample as well as the differences in the degree to which age influenced entheseal changes among samples. Results indicated that age influenced entheseal changes; however, the...
Anthropological Science (Japanese Series), 2012
Objectives: We explore variations in body and limb proportions of the Jomon hunter-gatherers (14,... more Objectives: We explore variations in body and limb proportions of the Jomon hunter-gatherers (14,000–2500 BP), the Yayoi agriculturalists (2500–1700 BP) of Japan, and the Kumejima Islanders of the Ryukyus (1600–1800 AD) with 11 geographically diverse skeletal postcranial samples from Africa, Europe, Asia, Australia, and North America using brachial-crural indices, femur head-breadth-to-femur length ratio, femur head-breadth-to-lower-limb-length ratio, and body mass as indicators of phenotypic climatic adaptation. Specifically, we test the hypothesis that variation in limb proportions seen in Jomon, Yayoi, and Kumejima is a complex interaction of genetic adaptation; development and allometric constraints; selection, gene flow and genetic drift with changing cultural factors (i.e., nutrition) and climate. Methods: The skeletal data (1127 individuals) were subjected to principle components analysis, Manly's permutation multiple regression tests, and Relethford-Blangero analysis. Results: The results of Manly's tests indicate that body proportions and body mass are significantly correlated with latitude, and minimum and maximum temperatures while limb proportions were not significantly correlated with these climatic variables. Principal components plots separated " climatic zones: " tropical, temperate, and arctic populations. The indigenous Jomon showed cold-adapted body proportions and warm-adapted limb proportions. Kumejima showed cold-adapted body proportions and limbs. The Yayoi adhered to the Allen-Bergmann expectation of cold-adapted body and limb proportions. Relethford-Blangero analysis showed that Kumejima experienced gene flow indicated by high observed variances while Jomon experienced genetic drift indicated by low observed variances. Conclusions: The complex interaction of evolutionary forces and development/nutri-tional constraints are implicated in the mismatch of limb and body proportions.
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Papers by Shiori Yonemoto