Journal of AgriSearch Vol 2 (3) by Pushpa Singh
An On farm trial was conducted at KrishiVigyan Kendra, Vaishali, Bihar to study the impact of pla... more An On farm trial was conducted at KrishiVigyan Kendra, Vaishali, Bihar to study the impact of planned honeybee pollination on the seed production and quality of Cauliflower seeds as well as pollination behavior of Apis mellifera. More number of bees were found visiting the crop under net house condition (6.05 , 5.35, 5.05 bees/plant at all the three locations of traditionally seed producing Hariharpur, Rajapakar and Chakwaravillages of Vaishali district.Bees in the open conditions were found to spend less time on flower as compared to the net house conditions. Honeybees played an important role in enhancing the seed production of cauliflower at all location under study. Planned honeybee pollination was found to result maximum impact on the seed production seeds/pod in the range of 15.50-19.10 seeds/pod in net pollination as compared to 13.60-17.20 seeds/pod in open condition. Similarly, average 1000 seed wt. in net pollinated condition was 3.30-4.19 gm whereas 3.00-3.97 gm in open field condition, and the yield in net condition was in range 534-637 kg/ha with additional income of 14 to 17 lakh rupees per hectare. INTRODUCTION Agriculture is the basis of the livelihood of over 80 percent of the rural population in Bihar (). However, most of the farmers are marginal or small land-holding families, cultivating less than one hectare of land. The small and marginal farmers of Bihar are increasingly taking up vegetable cultivation to improve their income (). In Vaishali district of Bihar the vegetable based farming system among different category of farmers is most prevalent (). The farmers here traditionally produce seeds of local variety of early cauliflower Brassica oleracea under open field situation.Low seed yield and quality due to inadequate pollination is major problem of cauliflower seed producing farmers. Inadequate pollination in crops is due to several factors and the most important of which includes lack of adequate number and diversity of pollinators. All possible ways of increasing the sustainable productivity and carrying capacity of the farming systems in order to improve the livelihoods of marginal households should be explored (). Amongst several factors attributing to increase productivity, the most important of which include the number of bee pollinators. Research has shown that pollination by honey bees increases fruit set, enhances fruit quality and reduces fruit drop in apple (), peach, plum, citrus, kiwi and strawberry (). Bee pollination does not only increase the fruit set but also reduced fruit drop in apple, peach, plum and citrus (). The experiment conducted AICP on Honeybee
Papers by Pushpa Singh
SSRN Electronic Journal, 2016
Though India is the largest producer (around 25% of global production), it however, consumes 27% ... more Though India is the largest producer (around 25% of global production), it however, consumes 27% and imports around 14% of its pulses requirements. The yield of pulses in India is quite low at 781 kg/ha which might be due to policy neglect. The post green revolution era saw a sharp decline in per capita production and availability of pulses with record 4.0 million tones imports of pulses in 2012-13. Bihar is one of the important pulse growing state of India with productivity of 839.3 Kg/ha in 2010-11 which is projected to attain 1461.3 kg/ha by 2050-51, highest in eastern India. With nearly 2.2 million ha of rice fallows, a small technological intervention can transform the ricefallow to rice-gram or rice-lentil system bringing about pulse revolution. Need is to diversify from cereal-based cropping systems to pulses-based cropping system with certain policy decision like identification of additional rice fallow lands largely in Eastern India, crop diversification, improving seed replacement rate, improved crop production techniques etc.
ASIAN JOURNAL OF HOME SCIENCE, 2019
Kitchen gardening is the revolutionary step to increase vegetables production as well as provisio... more Kitchen gardening is the revolutionary step to increase vegetables production as well as provision of cheap vegetables to the consumers. The main focus of the study was to assess the role of kitchen gardening on nutrition security of rural household. A total of 60 rural women were selected to assess the impact of kitchen gardening by random sampling method that has undergone the training programme at KVK Vaishali and Muzaffarpur (Additional). Results showed that an increase in the knowledge of participants after their participation in training on various aspects of kitchen gardening. Unavailability of quality seed material was the major constraint (83.33%) for production of vegetables in kitchen garden. Low availability of water for irrigation and adoption of traditional practices for growing vegetables ranked second and third constraint, respectively. After getting training on kitchen garden from KVK, farm families get fresh and organic vegetables year round and their nutritional needs are fulfilled. The average yield of the vegetables increased from 30.5 kg/unit in farmers practice to 110 kg/unit under recommended practice. Results also revealed 60 per cent increase in the average per capita consumption of vegetables. After demonstration, consumption of vegetables increased, especially of green and leafy vegetables. Homestead kitchen gardening along with nutrition intervention will improve the nutritional security and health in rural livelihoods, but the approach is normally slow and results are achieved over a long run.
Computer, 2008
This paper is part of a publication series generated by the New Business Models for Sustainable T... more This paper is part of a publication series generated by the New Business Models for Sustainable Trading Relationships project. The partners in the four-year project-the Sustainable Food Laboratory, Rainforest Alliance, the International Institute for Environment and Development, the International Center for Tropical Agriculture, and Catholic Relief Services-are working together to develop, pilot, and learn from new business models of trading relationships between small-scale producers and formal markets. By working in partnership with business and looking across a diversity of crop types and market requirements-fresh horticulture, processed vegetables, pulses, certified coffee and cocoa-the collaboration aims to synthesize learning about how to increase access, benefits, and stability for small-scale producers while generating consistent and reliable supplies for buyers.
Krishi Vigyan Kendra (KVK) is the only institution at the district level in India for technologic... more Krishi Vigyan Kendra (KVK) is the only institution at the district level in India for technological backstopping in agriculture and allied sectors. All KVKs are envisaged to reduce the time lag between generation of technology at the research institution and its application to the location specific farmer fields for increasing production, productivity and net farm income on a sustained basis. Each KVK has been provided with a team of multidisciplinary subject matter specialists for taking up the activities of a KVK. Each KVK has a provision of Scientific Advisory Committee (SAC), the function of this Committee is to provide advice to the KVK in formulation of annual technical programme and also to review the performance mandated activities. KVKs are implementing various technological interventions based on the needs of the farming community. The paper tries to critically examine the developments so far and what needs to be done further to strengthen the KVKs.
International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences, 2021
Bihar is the third most populace state with population of 1210.6 million and 8.6 percent to count... more Bihar is the third most populace state with population of 1210.6 million and 8.6 percent to country‟s total population, and agriculture is the backbone of its economy with contribution of agriculture and allied sectors to GSVA 19.3 percent in 2018-19 with the largest contributor to GSVA being the crop sector (10.6 percent); while the lowest contributor was fishing and aquaculture (1.5 percent). The livestock sector is emerging as an important segment with its increasing contribution to state‟s GSVA from 5.4 percent in 2013-14 to 5.6 percent in 2018-19 (Bihar economic survey 19-20, Table 1). With nearly 89 percentage of population residing in rural areas and a majority depending on small land holdings for living, the need to leverage agriculture for nutrition becomes significant in Bihar as malnutrition continues to bea major challenge in Bihar. There has been a International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 10 Number 01 (2021) Journal homep...
Journal of AgriSearch, 2016
An On farm trial was conducted at KrishiVigyan Kendra, Vaishali, Bihar to study the impact of pla... more An On farm trial was conducted at KrishiVigyan Kendra, Vaishali, Bihar to study the impact of planned honeybee pollination on the seed production and quality of Cauliflower seeds as well as pollination behavior of Apis mellifera. More number of bees were found visiting the crop under net house condition (6.05 , 5.35, 5.05 bees/plant at all the three locations of traditionally seed producing Hariharpur, Rajapakar and Chakwaravillages of Vaishali district.Bees in the open conditions were found to spend less time on flower as compared to the net house conditions. Honeybees played an important role in enhancing the seed production of cauliflower at all location under study. Planned honeybee pollination was found to result maximum impact on the seed production seeds/pod in the range of 15.50-19.10 seeds/pod in net pollination as compared to 13.60-17.20 seeds/pod in open condition. Similarly, average 1000 seed wt. in net pollinated condition was 3.30-4.19 gm whereas 3.00- 3.97 gm in open ...
International Journal of Livestock Research, 2020
Livestock is a vital component of Indian economy in general and of agricultural sector in particu... more Livestock is a vital component of Indian economy in general and of agricultural sector in particular. In rural India over 15-20% families are landless and about 80% of the land holders belong to small and marginal farm size groups, livestock provides livelihood to two-third of the rural population. Livestock sector provides employment to about 8.8% Indian population. Contribution of livestock sector in GDP was 4.11% and it contributed 25.6% to the Agricultural GDP during 2018-2019. Livestock production constitutes an important component of Agricultural economy in Bihar as it assists in supply of food and nutrition, enhancement of income, livelihood and diversification of agricultural activities. Meanwhile, the livestock sub-sector contributed about 27% to the agricultural GSDP and 5% to state income or GSDP in 2012. Bihar has made great progress in dairy and is recognized for its high milk production from cows, buffalo and goats. Bihar's milk production increased to 92.41 lakh tonnes in 2017-18 from 71.97 lakh tonnes in 2013-14, indicating an annual growth rate of 6.33%, during the five-year period. Productivity of milk per lactating cattle was found comparatively low as compared to others states Like Punjab, Gujarat, UP and MP. Contribution of livestock share in GVOA was found 25.4% in TE-2002-03 and increased to 31% in TE-2013-14 in Bihar whereas, the all-India share of livestock in GVOA stood at 26% in TE 2013-14. The share of meat in the total value of output from livestock sector has declined while that of milk has increased. The share of milk in GVOA has increased from 14% to 23% between TE-2003-04 and TE-2013-14, while at the all-India level; the share of milk in GVOA remained at 17% during the same period. Bihar has immense potential in livestock and dairy sector. If harnessed properly by suitable policy initiatives could be helpful in augmenting income, generating employment and providing nutritional security to state in particular and nation in general.
Indian Journal Of Nematology
Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 2020
The present study has been conducted at Sakra and Muraul block of Muzaffarpur district of Bihar w... more The present study has been conducted at Sakra and Muraul block of Muzaffarpur district of Bihar with objective to incorporate mini power tiller equipped with cultivator, ridge maker and potato digger among marginal and small land holding farmers. Use of mini power tiller reduced the cost and time of operations as compare to human and bullock pair involvement in farm activities. In compare to human, total cost saving for ploughing, ridge making and potato digging by mini power tiller was observed 97.76%, 93.59% and 97.44% respectively whereas, it was 24% (ploughing), 56.38% (ridge making) and 51.19% (potato digging) as compare to bullock pair. So, it can be suggested that low cost mini power tiller is a great alternative of high cost tractor and high time-consuming human and bullock drawn farm activities for small and marginal farmers.
Pulses has important role in contributing to food and nutritional security and replenishing soil ... more Pulses has important role in contributing to food and nutritional security and replenishing soil nutrients having a huge potential in addressing needs like future global food security, nutrition and environmental sustainability needs. They also play an important role in mitigating greenhouse gas emissions in agriculture production by lowering GHG emissions. Farmers in grain and oilseed production have found economic benefits from lower input costs and increased profits by including a pulse crop in their rotation. In the face of shrinking natural resources and high population growths, enhancing production of pulses is now a major concern for Bihar in particular and nation as whole . The current shortfall in pulse availability is mainly due to less seed replacement rate of improved varieties, poor adoption of improved technologies by the farmers, abrupt climatic changes, complex disease pest syndrome, and emergence of new bio-types and races of key pests and pathogens and declining to...
A number of villages in Vaishali district have been engaged in growing cauliflower seeds and sell... more A number of villages in Vaishali district have been engaged in growing cauliflower seeds and selling across the country with different brand names. The farmers traditionally produce seeds of local variety of early cauliflower Brassica oleracea under open field situation. Low seed yield and quality due to inadequate pollination is major problem of cauliflower seed producing farmers. Inadequate pollination in crops is due to several factors including lack of adequate number and diversity of pollinators. On farm trial was conducted by KVK, Vaishali, (DRPCAU, Pusa) on farmers field at Hajipur, Lalganj, Mahua and Mahnar. which are traditional producers of cauliflower seed. Cauliflower grown for seed production was covered by net of 100 m 2 area in the farmer's field and the control plot was open pollinated farmer field of the same farmer. During anthesis, two honeybee colonies of A. mellifera containing approximately 10,000 bees in a bee box were kept inside the net house to aid the ...
Economic Affairs
Bihar is one of the important pulse growing state of India with productivity of 839.3 kg/ha in 20... more Bihar is one of the important pulse growing state of India with productivity of 839.3 kg/ha in 2010-11 which is projected to attain 1461.3 kg/ha by 2050-51, highest in eastern India. With nearly 2.2 million ha of rice fallows, a small technological intervention can transform the ricefallow to rice-gram or rice-lentil system bringing about pulse revolution. The present study tries to review and analyze the current policy environment and suggests ways and means to improve the pulses production scenario in the country. It advocates, the need to diversify from cereal–based cropping systems to pulses-based cropping system with certain policy decisions like identification of additional rice fallow lands largely in Eastern India, crop diversification, improving seed replacement rate, improved crop production techniques etc. Study also suggests that provisions should be made for easy credit, insurance, attractive Minimum Support Price (MSP) with procurement and appropriate incentives for pulse producers as well as creating necessary infrastructure for processing, marketing and value-addition. This paper analyses status of pulse crop in India as whole and Bihar in particular along with paradigm shift required in policy decision, pulse research, technology generation and dissemination, commercialization along with capacity building of farmers and frontier areas of research and extension.
Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology
Conventional acaricide Dicofol 18.5EC along with novel acaricides Propargite 57EC, Clofentazine 5... more Conventional acaricide Dicofol 18.5EC along with novel acaricides Propargite 57EC, Clofentazine 50EC, Cyflmetofen 20SC, Fenproximate 5EC, Dicofol 18.5EC and botanical Azadirachtin 0.03EC were evaluated against T. neocaledonicus on brinjal in laboratory and in field condition on brinjal crop var. Punjab Sadabahar. Fenproximate 5EC was most toxic with lowest LC50 value 7.095ppm, followed by Dicofol 18.5 EC 20.971ppm, Cyflumetofen 20SC 22.53ppm, Clofentazine 50SC 87.20ppm, Propargite 57 EC 108.62ppm and least was Azadirachtin 0.03 EC 319.35ppm. Relative toxicities of Fenproximate 5EC, Cyflumetofen 20SC, Clofentazine 50SC, Propargite57 EC, Azadirachtin 0.03 EC and Dicofol 18.5 EC was 2.955, 0.930, 0.240, 0.193, 0.065 and 1.00 respectively. The mean percent mortality of T. neocaledonicus in field condition was highest that of Clofentazine 80.36 &73.07 percent followed by 59.28 & 62.29 percent by Fenproximate, 53.83 & 57.85 percent by Cyflumetofen, 51.38 & 60.77 percent by Propargite, 50.56 & 52.3 by Dicofol and lastly 25.22 & 33.81 percent mortality by Azadirachtin in first and second spray. All the acaricides proved superior over control and gave protection to the crop upto 14 days after spray and the novel acaricides were much effective over standard acaricide Dicofol in field condition.
Journal of AgriSearch
Farmers in general use various pesticides for management of mites so it is very important to make... more Farmers in general use various pesticides for management of mites so it is very important to make comparative study of both conventional and novel acaricides before recommendation to farmers. Six acaricides were screened by leaf dip method and their LC50 value and relative toxicity was worked out by taking the LC50 of Dicofol as standard check. The mortality count was recorded and corrected mortality was calculated. The experiment was carried out in Acarology Laboratory, Department of Entomology and Agricultural Zoology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi to test the relative toxicity of seven pesticides Propargite 57EC, Clofentazine 50SC, Cyflumetofen 20EC, Fenpyroximate 5EC, Dicofol 18.5EC, Azadirachtin 0.03EC and water as control against mites in laboratory conditions The experiment was conducted with objective to test the efficacy of acarides in laboratory condition.
International Journal of Livestock Research, 2020
Livestock is a vital component of Indian economy in general and of agricultural sector in particu... more Livestock is a vital component of Indian economy in general and of agricultural sector in particular. In rural India over 15-20% families are landless and about 80% of the land holders belong to small and marginal farm size groups, livestock provides livelihood to two-third of the rural population. Livestock sector provides employment to about 8.8% Indian population. Contribution of livestock sector in GDP was 4.11% and it contributed 25.6% to the Agricultural GDP during 2018-2019. Livestock production constitutes an important component of Agricultural economy in Bihar as it assists in supply of food and nutrition, enhancement of income, livelihood and diversification of agricultural activities. Meanwhile, the livestock sub-sector contributed about 27% to the agricultural GSDP and 5% to state income or GSDP in 2012. Bihar has made great progress in dairy and is recognized for its high milk production from cows, buffalo and goats. Bihar's milk production increased to 92.41 lakh tonnes in 2017-18 from 71.97 lakh tonnes in 2013-14, indicating an annual growth rate of 6.33%, during the five-year period. Productivity of milk per lactating cattle was found comparatively low as compared to others states Like Punjab, Gujarat, UP and MP. Contribution of livestock share in GVOA was found 25.4% in TE-2002-03 and increased to 31% in TE-2013-14 in Bihar whereas, the all-India share of livestock in GVOA stood at 26% in TE 2013-14. The share of meat in the total value of output from livestock sector has declined while that of milk has increased. The share of milk in GVOA has increased from 14% to 23% between TE-2003-04 and TE-2013-14, while at the all-India level; the share of milk in GVOA remained at 17% during the same period. Bihar has immense potential in livestock and dairy sector. If harnessed properly by suitable policy initiatives could be helpful in augmenting income, generating employment and providing nutritional security to state in particular and nation in general.
An On farm trial was conducted at KrishiVigyan Kendra, Vaishali, Bihar to study the impact of pla... more An On farm trial was conducted at KrishiVigyan Kendra, Vaishali, Bihar to study the impact of planned honeybee pollination on the seed production and quality of Cauliflower seeds as well as pollination behavior of Apis mellifera. More number of bees were found visiting the crop under net house condition (6.05 , 5.35, 5.05 bees/plant at all the three locations of traditionally seed producing Hariharpur, Rajapakar and Chakwaravillages of Vaishali district.Bees in the open conditions were found to spend less time on flower as compared to the net house conditions. Honeybees played an important role in enhancing the seed production of cauliflower at all location under study. Planned honeybee pollination was found to result maximum impact on the seed production seeds/pod in the range of 15.50-19.10 seeds/pod in net pollination as compared to 13.60-17.20 seeds/pod in open condition. Similarly, average 1000 seed wt. in net pollinated condition was 3.30-4.19 gm whereas 3.00-3.97 gm in open field condition, and the yield in net condition was in range 534-637 kg/ha with additional income of 14 to 17 lakh rupees per hectare. INTRODUCTION Agriculture is the basis of the livelihood of over 80 percent of the rural population in Bihar (). However, most of the farmers are marginal or small land-holding families, cultivating less than one hectare of land. The small and marginal farmers of Bihar are increasingly taking up vegetable cultivation to improve their income (). In Vaishali district of Bihar the vegetable based farming system among different category of farmers is most prevalent (). The farmers here traditionally produce seeds of local variety of early cauliflower Brassica oleracea under open field situation.Low seed yield and quality due to inadequate pollination is major problem of cauliflower seed producing farmers. Inadequate pollination in crops is due to several factors and the most important of which includes lack of adequate number and diversity of pollinators. All possible ways of increasing the sustainable productivity and carrying capacity of the farming systems in order to improve the livelihoods of marginal households should be explored (). Amongst several factors attributing to increase productivity, the most important of which include the number of bee pollinators. Research has shown that pollination by honey bees increases fruit set, enhances fruit quality and reduces fruit drop in apple (), peach, plum, citrus, kiwi and strawberry (). Bee pollination does not only increase the fruit set but also reduced fruit drop in apple, peach, plum and citrus (). The experiment conducted AICP on Honeybee
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Journal of AgriSearch Vol 2 (3) by Pushpa Singh
Papers by Pushpa Singh