This paper discusses parts of two episodes in Sarala Mahabharata in order to bring out the creati... more This paper discusses parts of two episodes in Sarala Mahabharata in order to bring out the creativity of Sarala Das as a narrator and his innovativeness as a thinker. It discusses Arjuna's problem in the Kurukshetra battlefield in this work and explains the non-occurrence of Srimad Bhagavad Gita in it. It maintains that his problem was due to his "atma dharma (personal dharma)". It argues that given the nature of his problem, there was no place for the Gita discourse in the narrative. The paper then analyses the disrobing of Draupadi episode in the same work and shows how it is different from the corresponding episode in Vyasa Mahabharata. The discussion is centred round the role of Krishna in the event. The paper shows how the poet harmoniously integrates the theory of karma and theory of bhakti in his construction of Krishna's role, which is that of the primary causer, in the robing of Draupadi. The paper is a contribution to the discussion on Sarala Mahabharata in view of the fact that although the existing literature has noted the differences between Vyas Mahabharata and Sarala Mahabharata, dealt with here, it has not analysed these in detail to bring out their significance.
With language one does a thousand things. Including provoking one's adversary so that under tensi... more With language one does a thousand things. Including provoking one's adversary so that under tension he (she / they) makes mistakes and suffers the consequences. With the adversary busy, one goes about doing things unhindered to attain one's goal. Quite cynical, but that's the way of the world. Generally speaking, for the purpose of provocation, language is much less risky and no less effective than physical action; for instance, one can provoke another by pushing him rudely or kicking him hard but giving him a tongue lashing would be no less effective. It has the added advantage of being socially more acceptable than physical lashing. As for tongue lashing, the lash of ridicule and mockery can be more hurtful than telling one's victim in unambiguous language what one thinks of him. The more artistic it is, the more hurtful it is. But nothing like taunting. Now not all taunts are qualitatively the same: some benign, some mildly irritating, some malicious and most belonging to in-between categories. My examples are from Sarala Mahabharata. It is always safe to give examples of unflattering things from literature than from life.
This paper, which, in all possibility, is the first study of its kind in Odia, invites attention ... more This paper, which, in all possibility, is the first study of its kind in Odia, invites attention to the changes that the story of Tapoi, which is an Odia folktale, undergoes as it is retold in the puranic mould. It shows that in its retelling there is no complete disconnect from the source narrative. As a consequence, in its puranic version, there is a distinct folktale flavour.
IJDL. International journal of Dravidian linguistics, 1999
Les As. proposent deux approches permettant d'identifier l'antecedent des reflechis et de... more Les As. proposent deux approches permettant d'identifier l'antecedent des reflechis et des pronoms en malayalam : une approche quantitative basee sur un modele probabiliste et une approche non quantitative basee sur des regles linguistiques. Ils comparent ensuite les resultats de ces approches et montrent que : l'approche quantitative est plus rapide que l'approche non quantitative ; les deux methodes utilisent le meme analyseur, mais celui utilise pour l'approche quantitative est moins charge ; les deux approches utilisent toutes deux le composant de l'analyse linguistique, mais l'approche quantitative utilise un composant beaucoup plus appauvri
There is a well-known saying in Odia which is about polite language: ganga boile thibi / gangi bo... more There is a well-known saying in Odia which is about polite language: ganga boile thibi / gangi boile jibi (If you call me "Ganga", I will stay / If you call me "Gangi", I will leave). "Gangi" carries the impolite suffix i. In Sarala Mahabharata, Santanu's wife, Ganga, warned her husband at the time of their wedding that she would live with him as long as he did not call her "Gangi". Quite understandable, we must say, considering that even a dog does not eat anything from someone who calls him using the very derogatory term "chi" (chi boele kukurabarabarsha pani chhueni, as the Odia saying goes). The moment Santanu in anger called her "Gangi", Ganga annulled their marriage and left him. This proverb emphasizes the importance of the use of polite language to sustain a relationship. But what it does not say is that Ganga desperately wanted him to utter this word and relentlessly incited Santanu towards this end.
IJDL. International journal of Dravidian linguistics, 2002
Au regard des recents interets scientifiques portes a la langue oriya, l'A. retrace dans son ... more Au regard des recents interets scientifiques portes a la langue oriya, l'A. retrace dans son article les idees linguistiques et pedagogiques faisant suite a l'apparition du mouvement pour l'introduction de l'oriya comme langue d'enseignement. Si ces idees ne sont pas parfaites selon l'A. (voire inacceptables), il semble interessant pour lui de donner une explication a toutes ces questions et de les comparer avec les problemes connus actuellement en Inde, dans le but de montrer certaines similitudes. Dans cette optique, l'A. developpe deux aspects : une discussion sur les questions pedagogiques et linguistiques durant la periode du mouvement pour la langue oriya et ensuite il effectue la comparaison avec ce qui est fait 150 ans plus tard.
Dans cet article, les As. analysent quelques proprietes particulieres de l'anaphore tamoule t... more Dans cet article, les As. analysent quelques proprietes particulieres de l'anaphore tamoule tān et en propose une explication. Le probleme est de savoir pourquoi tān est sujet a l'anaphorisation. Le fait de le designer comme une anaphore faible et de fournir un anaphoriseur dans la representation ne donne pas une reponse pleinement satisfaisante. En outre, pourquoi seul tān a les proprietes de l'anaphore et du pronom a la fois, tandis qu'aucune des autres anaphores en tamoul n'a de telles proprietes ? Afin de repondre a ces questions, les As. explorent l'histoire de tān et tentent de montrer que son comportement pronominal est un residu historique
L'A. presente un algorithme permettant d'assigner un antecedent a une classe particuliere... more L'A. presente un algorithme permettant d'assigner un antecedent a une classe particuliere d'anaphores dans des phrases en malayalam. Il decrit l'essentiel de la grammaire developpee dans ce cadre de recherche, ainsi que l'algorithme utilise. La grammaire n'utilise que des notions traditionnelles, telles que celles de proposition principale, proposition immediate, sujet de la proposition et du syntagme nominal, objet du verbe, etc.
IJDL. International journal of Dravidian linguistics, 2000
L'auteur se propose de discuter de l'entite grammaticale 'Ra' en oriya qui a deja... more L'auteur se propose de discuter de l'entite grammaticale 'Ra' en oriya qui a deja ete etudiee anterieurement en tant qur marqueur de cas genetif a partir de la theorie generative X-barre. Toutefois, les linguistes se sont tres rarement penches sur le cas de cette entite. L'auteur cherche a combler cette lacune et son objectif principal est de lui assigner une etiquette linguistique
Oriya has a construction in which the non-nominative subject, carrying a lexical suffix, which is... more Oriya has a construction in which the non-nominative subject, carrying a lexical suffix, which is homophonous with the genitive marker, triggers verbal agreement. This is non-normal in Oriya. An account is offered of this fact which is built on a theta role related distinction between two types of lexical suffixes in the language.
IJDL. International journal of Dravidian linguistics, 2004
This paper explores M.V. Nadkarni's suggestion that Oriya, generally considered to be an Indo... more This paper explores M.V. Nadkarni's suggestion that Oriya, generally considered to be an Indo-Aryan language, may actually be viewed as a genetically-typologically disturbed Indo-Aryan language (personal communication, 1976). It also considers the significance of such taxonomic notions as Indo-Aryan, Dravidian, etc. in the context of our present-day understanding of language.
This paper discusses parts of two episodes in Sarala Mahabharata in order to bring out the creati... more This paper discusses parts of two episodes in Sarala Mahabharata in order to bring out the creativity of Sarala Das as a narrator and his innovativeness as a thinker. It discusses Arjuna's problem in the Kurukshetra battlefield in this work and explains the non-occurrence of Srimad Bhagavad Gita in it. It maintains that his problem was due to his "atma dharma (personal dharma)". It argues that given the nature of his problem, there was no place for the Gita discourse in the narrative. The paper then analyses the disrobing of Draupadi episode in the same work and shows how it is different from the corresponding episode in Vyasa Mahabharata. The discussion is centred round the role of Krishna in the event. The paper shows how the poet harmoniously integrates the theory of karma and theory of bhakti in his construction of Krishna's role, which is that of the primary causer, in the robing of Draupadi. The paper is a contribution to the discussion on Sarala Mahabharata in view of the fact that although the existing literature has noted the differences between Vyas Mahabharata and Sarala Mahabharata, dealt with here, it has not analysed these in detail to bring out their significance.
With language one does a thousand things. Including provoking one's adversary so that under tensi... more With language one does a thousand things. Including provoking one's adversary so that under tension he (she / they) makes mistakes and suffers the consequences. With the adversary busy, one goes about doing things unhindered to attain one's goal. Quite cynical, but that's the way of the world. Generally speaking, for the purpose of provocation, language is much less risky and no less effective than physical action; for instance, one can provoke another by pushing him rudely or kicking him hard but giving him a tongue lashing would be no less effective. It has the added advantage of being socially more acceptable than physical lashing. As for tongue lashing, the lash of ridicule and mockery can be more hurtful than telling one's victim in unambiguous language what one thinks of him. The more artistic it is, the more hurtful it is. But nothing like taunting. Now not all taunts are qualitatively the same: some benign, some mildly irritating, some malicious and most belonging to in-between categories. My examples are from Sarala Mahabharata. It is always safe to give examples of unflattering things from literature than from life.
This paper, which, in all possibility, is the first study of its kind in Odia, invites attention ... more This paper, which, in all possibility, is the first study of its kind in Odia, invites attention to the changes that the story of Tapoi, which is an Odia folktale, undergoes as it is retold in the puranic mould. It shows that in its retelling there is no complete disconnect from the source narrative. As a consequence, in its puranic version, there is a distinct folktale flavour.
IJDL. International journal of Dravidian linguistics, 1999
Les As. proposent deux approches permettant d'identifier l'antecedent des reflechis et de... more Les As. proposent deux approches permettant d'identifier l'antecedent des reflechis et des pronoms en malayalam : une approche quantitative basee sur un modele probabiliste et une approche non quantitative basee sur des regles linguistiques. Ils comparent ensuite les resultats de ces approches et montrent que : l'approche quantitative est plus rapide que l'approche non quantitative ; les deux methodes utilisent le meme analyseur, mais celui utilise pour l'approche quantitative est moins charge ; les deux approches utilisent toutes deux le composant de l'analyse linguistique, mais l'approche quantitative utilise un composant beaucoup plus appauvri
There is a well-known saying in Odia which is about polite language: ganga boile thibi / gangi bo... more There is a well-known saying in Odia which is about polite language: ganga boile thibi / gangi boile jibi (If you call me "Ganga", I will stay / If you call me "Gangi", I will leave). "Gangi" carries the impolite suffix i. In Sarala Mahabharata, Santanu's wife, Ganga, warned her husband at the time of their wedding that she would live with him as long as he did not call her "Gangi". Quite understandable, we must say, considering that even a dog does not eat anything from someone who calls him using the very derogatory term "chi" (chi boele kukurabarabarsha pani chhueni, as the Odia saying goes). The moment Santanu in anger called her "Gangi", Ganga annulled their marriage and left him. This proverb emphasizes the importance of the use of polite language to sustain a relationship. But what it does not say is that Ganga desperately wanted him to utter this word and relentlessly incited Santanu towards this end.
IJDL. International journal of Dravidian linguistics, 2002
Au regard des recents interets scientifiques portes a la langue oriya, l'A. retrace dans son ... more Au regard des recents interets scientifiques portes a la langue oriya, l'A. retrace dans son article les idees linguistiques et pedagogiques faisant suite a l'apparition du mouvement pour l'introduction de l'oriya comme langue d'enseignement. Si ces idees ne sont pas parfaites selon l'A. (voire inacceptables), il semble interessant pour lui de donner une explication a toutes ces questions et de les comparer avec les problemes connus actuellement en Inde, dans le but de montrer certaines similitudes. Dans cette optique, l'A. developpe deux aspects : une discussion sur les questions pedagogiques et linguistiques durant la periode du mouvement pour la langue oriya et ensuite il effectue la comparaison avec ce qui est fait 150 ans plus tard.
Dans cet article, les As. analysent quelques proprietes particulieres de l'anaphore tamoule t... more Dans cet article, les As. analysent quelques proprietes particulieres de l'anaphore tamoule tān et en propose une explication. Le probleme est de savoir pourquoi tān est sujet a l'anaphorisation. Le fait de le designer comme une anaphore faible et de fournir un anaphoriseur dans la representation ne donne pas une reponse pleinement satisfaisante. En outre, pourquoi seul tān a les proprietes de l'anaphore et du pronom a la fois, tandis qu'aucune des autres anaphores en tamoul n'a de telles proprietes ? Afin de repondre a ces questions, les As. explorent l'histoire de tān et tentent de montrer que son comportement pronominal est un residu historique
L'A. presente un algorithme permettant d'assigner un antecedent a une classe particuliere... more L'A. presente un algorithme permettant d'assigner un antecedent a une classe particuliere d'anaphores dans des phrases en malayalam. Il decrit l'essentiel de la grammaire developpee dans ce cadre de recherche, ainsi que l'algorithme utilise. La grammaire n'utilise que des notions traditionnelles, telles que celles de proposition principale, proposition immediate, sujet de la proposition et du syntagme nominal, objet du verbe, etc.
IJDL. International journal of Dravidian linguistics, 2000
L'auteur se propose de discuter de l'entite grammaticale 'Ra' en oriya qui a deja... more L'auteur se propose de discuter de l'entite grammaticale 'Ra' en oriya qui a deja ete etudiee anterieurement en tant qur marqueur de cas genetif a partir de la theorie generative X-barre. Toutefois, les linguistes se sont tres rarement penches sur le cas de cette entite. L'auteur cherche a combler cette lacune et son objectif principal est de lui assigner une etiquette linguistique
Oriya has a construction in which the non-nominative subject, carrying a lexical suffix, which is... more Oriya has a construction in which the non-nominative subject, carrying a lexical suffix, which is homophonous with the genitive marker, triggers verbal agreement. This is non-normal in Oriya. An account is offered of this fact which is built on a theta role related distinction between two types of lexical suffixes in the language.
IJDL. International journal of Dravidian linguistics, 2004
This paper explores M.V. Nadkarni's suggestion that Oriya, generally considered to be an Indo... more This paper explores M.V. Nadkarni's suggestion that Oriya, generally considered to be an Indo-Aryan language, may actually be viewed as a genetically-typologically disturbed Indo-Aryan language (personal communication, 1976). It also considers the significance of such taxonomic notions as Indo-Aryan, Dravidian, etc. in the context of our present-day understanding of language.
This book consists of an edited transcript of a lecture, delivered at the University of Delhi in ... more This book consists of an edited transcript of a lecture, delivered at the University of Delhi in January 1996, where Chomsky reflects on the overall history of the generative enterprise to relate it to some strikingly novel advances in grammatical theory, called the ‘Minimalist Program’. Integrating philosophical and conceptual issues with empirical research, he sketches some of the key issues that have characterised generative grammar in recent years to chart out the agenda for future research in language theory. The transcript tries to retain the lively, engaging style for which Chomsky is renowned as a public speaker. The discussion that followed the lecture was a lively event on the scope of linguistics, language acquisition, and the theory of the language and mind. In his extensive responses to a set of wide-ranging questions, Chomsky goes much beyond the issues raised in the lecture itself. The volume includes extensive clarificatory notes and references. While linguists interested in the internal history of generative linguistics will find this an immensely insightful work, it will be useful also for students and general readers who wish to gain an introductory knowledge of the discipline and its overall significance.
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