Pediatrics in review / American Academy of Pediatrics, 1998
Early identification of and intervention for all children who have hearing impairments remain una... more Early identification of and intervention for all children who have hearing impairments remain unattained goals in the United States. Physicians typically are the first persons to obtain the medical and family history of infants and children and are the primary professionals confronted with parental concerns about hearing loss. Heightened awareness of the common causes of hearing loss in infants and children can facilitate prompt and appropriate referrals to audiologists when hearing loss is suspected. A strong and interactive relationship between physician and audiologist is needed to attain the common goals of providing the earliest and best possible diagnosis of and optimal management for hearing impaired pediatric patients.
... However, no other effects were significant. ... Because close to half the variance in second‐... more ... However, no other effects were significant. ... Because close to half the variance in second‐gradereading was explained by first‐grade reading (as ... The potential predictor variables entered into the equation were pseudoword reading, all measures of phonological processing, and ...
One critical step in the processing of complex auditory information (i.e., language and music) in... more One critical step in the processing of complex auditory information (i.e., language and music) involves organizing such information into hierarchical units, such as phrases. In this study, musically trained and untrained listeners' recognition memory for short, naturalistic melodies varying in their phrase structure was tested. For musically trained subjects, memory for information preceding a phrase boundary was disrupted and memory for information subsequent to a phrase boundary was enhanced relative to memory in similar temporal locations for excerpts not containing a phrase boundary. Musically untrained listeners, in contrast, showed no such differences as a function of the phrasing of the melody. These findings conform with previous results in both psycholinguistics and musical cognition and suggest that the phrase serves as a functional unit in musical processing, guiding the parsing of musical sequences during perception, along with the structuring of memory for musical passages.
Figurative comparisons can be expressed as metaphors (e.g., ''politics is a circus'') or similes ... more Figurative comparisons can be expressed as metaphors (e.g., ''politics is a circus'') or similes (e.g., ''politics is like a circus''). What determines the form in which a comparison is expressed? We examine two potential factors-aptness and comprehensibility. To be apt is to capture important features of a topic. Comprehensibility means being relatively easy to understand. We show both of these judgments are related to errors in a recognition memory test (i.e., remembering a simile as a metaphor or a metaphor as a simile). However, aptness was a better predictor of the errors than comprehensibility. Furthermore, while both aptness and comprehensibility predicted preference for the metaphor or simile form of comparisons in a direct test of preference, aptness explained unique variance, while comprehensibility did not. We argue that although comparisons have to be comprehensible to be proper metaphors or similes, aptness is more important in determining whether a comparison is preferred as a metaphor or as a simile. #
The relationships among working memory, inhibitory control, and reading skills were studied in 96... more The relationships among working memory, inhibitory control, and reading skills were studied in 966 individuals, 6-49 years old. In addition to a standardized measure of word recognition, they received a working memory (listening span) task in the standard, blocked format (three sets containing two-, three-, or four-item trials) or in a mixed format (three sets each containing two-, three-, and four-item trials) to determine whether scores derived from the standard format are influenced by proactive interference. Intrusion errors were investigated in order to determine whether deficits in working memory were associated with the access, deletion, or restraint functions of inhibitory control. The results indicated that deficits in working memory were characteristic of individuals with reading disabilities at all ages. These deficits may be associated with the access and restraint functions of inhibition. Working memory skills increased until the age of 19. The blocked format showed a gradual decline in adulthood whereas the mixed format did not. The different patterns suggest that the decline in working memory skills associated with aging may result from growing inefficiencies in inhibitory control, and not diminished capacity.
... words was assessed using the Elision subtest from the Compre-hensive Test of PhonologicalProc... more ... words was assessed using the Elision subtest from the Compre-hensive Test of PhonologicalProcessing (CTOPP; Wagner ... In other words, a series of VOT values for each contrast was created, whereas the other ... Individual slope values were derived using logistic re-gression. ...
... M. Wolf, AG O'Rourke, C. Gidney, M. Lovett, P. Cirino & R. Morris / The second defic... more ... M. Wolf, AG O'Rourke, C. Gidney, M. Lovett, P. Cirino & R. Morris / The second deficit: An investigation of the independence of phonolo-gical and naming-speed deficits in developmental dyslexia ... Book review Ann Browne, Developing Language and Literacy 38 (Liz Nathan) ...
... Page 12. 84 PENNY CHIAPPE ET AL. on the task used by Denckla & Rudel (1976). ... ... more ... Page 12. 84 PENNY CHIAPPE ET AL. on the task used by Denckla & Rudel (1976). ... The discrete version of the RAN task was based on the methodology used by Bowers & Swanson (1991). Participants completed one block of ten practice items and two blocks of fifty test trials. ...
Pediatrics in review / American Academy of Pediatrics, 1998
Early identification of and intervention for all children who have hearing impairments remain una... more Early identification of and intervention for all children who have hearing impairments remain unattained goals in the United States. Physicians typically are the first persons to obtain the medical and family history of infants and children and are the primary professionals confronted with parental concerns about hearing loss. Heightened awareness of the common causes of hearing loss in infants and children can facilitate prompt and appropriate referrals to audiologists when hearing loss is suspected. A strong and interactive relationship between physician and audiologist is needed to attain the common goals of providing the earliest and best possible diagnosis of and optimal management for hearing impaired pediatric patients.
... However, no other effects were significant. ... Because close to half the variance in second‐... more ... However, no other effects were significant. ... Because close to half the variance in second‐gradereading was explained by first‐grade reading (as ... The potential predictor variables entered into the equation were pseudoword reading, all measures of phonological processing, and ...
One critical step in the processing of complex auditory information (i.e., language and music) in... more One critical step in the processing of complex auditory information (i.e., language and music) involves organizing such information into hierarchical units, such as phrases. In this study, musically trained and untrained listeners' recognition memory for short, naturalistic melodies varying in their phrase structure was tested. For musically trained subjects, memory for information preceding a phrase boundary was disrupted and memory for information subsequent to a phrase boundary was enhanced relative to memory in similar temporal locations for excerpts not containing a phrase boundary. Musically untrained listeners, in contrast, showed no such differences as a function of the phrasing of the melody. These findings conform with previous results in both psycholinguistics and musical cognition and suggest that the phrase serves as a functional unit in musical processing, guiding the parsing of musical sequences during perception, along with the structuring of memory for musical passages.
Figurative comparisons can be expressed as metaphors (e.g., ''politics is a circus'') or similes ... more Figurative comparisons can be expressed as metaphors (e.g., ''politics is a circus'') or similes (e.g., ''politics is like a circus''). What determines the form in which a comparison is expressed? We examine two potential factors-aptness and comprehensibility. To be apt is to capture important features of a topic. Comprehensibility means being relatively easy to understand. We show both of these judgments are related to errors in a recognition memory test (i.e., remembering a simile as a metaphor or a metaphor as a simile). However, aptness was a better predictor of the errors than comprehensibility. Furthermore, while both aptness and comprehensibility predicted preference for the metaphor or simile form of comparisons in a direct test of preference, aptness explained unique variance, while comprehensibility did not. We argue that although comparisons have to be comprehensible to be proper metaphors or similes, aptness is more important in determining whether a comparison is preferred as a metaphor or as a simile. #
The relationships among working memory, inhibitory control, and reading skills were studied in 96... more The relationships among working memory, inhibitory control, and reading skills were studied in 966 individuals, 6-49 years old. In addition to a standardized measure of word recognition, they received a working memory (listening span) task in the standard, blocked format (three sets containing two-, three-, or four-item trials) or in a mixed format (three sets each containing two-, three-, and four-item trials) to determine whether scores derived from the standard format are influenced by proactive interference. Intrusion errors were investigated in order to determine whether deficits in working memory were associated with the access, deletion, or restraint functions of inhibitory control. The results indicated that deficits in working memory were characteristic of individuals with reading disabilities at all ages. These deficits may be associated with the access and restraint functions of inhibition. Working memory skills increased until the age of 19. The blocked format showed a gradual decline in adulthood whereas the mixed format did not. The different patterns suggest that the decline in working memory skills associated with aging may result from growing inefficiencies in inhibitory control, and not diminished capacity.
... words was assessed using the Elision subtest from the Compre-hensive Test of PhonologicalProc... more ... words was assessed using the Elision subtest from the Compre-hensive Test of PhonologicalProcessing (CTOPP; Wagner ... In other words, a series of VOT values for each contrast was created, whereas the other ... Individual slope values were derived using logistic re-gression. ...
... M. Wolf, AG O'Rourke, C. Gidney, M. Lovett, P. Cirino & R. Morris / The second defic... more ... M. Wolf, AG O'Rourke, C. Gidney, M. Lovett, P. Cirino & R. Morris / The second deficit: An investigation of the independence of phonolo-gical and naming-speed deficits in developmental dyslexia ... Book review Ann Browne, Developing Language and Literacy 38 (Liz Nathan) ...
... Page 12. 84 PENNY CHIAPPE ET AL. on the task used by Denckla & Rudel (1976). ... ... more ... Page 12. 84 PENNY CHIAPPE ET AL. on the task used by Denckla & Rudel (1976). ... The discrete version of the RAN task was based on the methodology used by Bowers & Swanson (1991). Participants completed one block of ten practice items and two blocks of fifty test trials. ...
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