Haiti is far from achieving the UN goal of sanitation access for all; 20% of the population has n... more Haiti is far from achieving the UN goal of sanitation access for all; 20% of the population has no sanitation access, and less than 0.1% of the country’s excreta is safely managed. Container-Based Sanitation (CBS) may be key to achieving timely and equitable sanitation coverage in Haiti’s cities. CBS can provide immediate sanitation access without preexisting infrastructure, and where permanent infrastructure is impractical. Investor caution and policy barriers, however, presently limit the growth of CBS solutions. Globally, most CBS services are provided by private organizations like EkoLakay, which provides a portable toilet and weekly excreta collection for a monthly fee. While the EkoLakay service is popular, attrition is high. This study examines the relationship between users and the service, and its role in improved sanitation accessibility. For this study, 633 active and former EkoLakay subscribers in Cap Haïtien were interviewed to reveal causes and implications of attritio...
Barbier, Edward B., Koch, Eva-Maria W., Silliman, Brian R., Hacker, Sally D., Wolanski, Eric, Pri... more Barbier, Edward B., Koch, Eva-Maria W., Silliman, Brian R., Hacker, Sally D., Wolanski, Eric, Primavera, Jurgenne H., Granek, Elise F., Polasky, Stephen, Aswani, Shankar, Cramer, Lori A., Stoms, David M., Kennedy, Chris J., Bael, David, Kappel, Carrie V., Perillo, Gerardo ME, and Reed, Denise J. (2008) Vegetation's role in coastal protection: response. American Association for the Advancement of Science. ... Official URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.320.58... ... This publication does not have an abstract.
of life issues Anticipated changes . Support/oppose the proposed repository Hypotheses revisited ... more of life issues Anticipated changes . Support/oppose the proposed repository Hypotheses revisited Conclusions .... Limitations and suggestions for future research ... Limitations of the study Suggestions for future research REFERENCES.
Supplemental material, TRR_Paper_-_20-03710_Seaside_survey for Households' Intended Evacuatio... more Supplemental material, TRR_Paper_-_20-03710_Seaside_survey for Households' Intended Evacuation Transportation Behavior in Response to Earthquake and Tsunami Hazard in a Cascadia Subduction Zone City by Chen Chen, Alexandra Buylova, Cadell Chand, Haizhong Wang, Lori A. Cramer and Daniel T. Cox in Transportation Research Record
Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development, 2021
A primary goal of the WASH sector is to facilitate transitions from open defecation to improved s... more A primary goal of the WASH sector is to facilitate transitions from open defecation to improved sanitation. Many residents of low-income countries desire improved sanitation but lack the resources to obtain or maintain access to toilets. For such persons, describing the goal as ‘behavior change’ implies a deficiency in mindset, failing to capture contextual factors affecting sanitation access. Furthermore, household circumstances affect movement both up and down the sanitation ladder, a phenomenon that the sector tends to overlook. This study, based on interviews with 308 former subscribers to Haitian container-based-sanitation service EkoLakay, tracks household sanitation access at four points in time: prior to subscribing, during the subscription period, immediately upon unsubscribing, and at the time of interview. We describe this movement through time as the ‘sanitation arc’. Prior to subscribing, households were more likely to practice open defecation or rely on non-household s...
The authors thank Tommy Swearingen and Cristen Don at Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife (ODF... more The authors thank Tommy Swearingen and Cristen Don at Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife (ODFW) for their assistance, input, and support during this project.
This dataset is a result of a household survey conducted in the Fall 2017 in Seaside, Oregon. It ... more This dataset is a result of a household survey conducted in the Fall 2017 in Seaside, Oregon. It contains data on public risk perceptions and behavioral intentions in the threat of Cascadia Subduction Zone Earthquake and Tsunami.
This paper presents the use of tsunami evacuation drills within a coastal community in the Cascad... more This paper presents the use of tsunami evacuation drills within a coastal community in the Cascadia Subduction Zone (CSZ) to better understand evacuation behaviors and thus to improve tsunami evacuation preparedness and resilience. Evacuees' spatial trajectory data were collected by Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) embedded mobile devices. Based on the empirical trajectory data, probability functions were employed to model people's walking speed during the evacuation drills. An Evacuation Hiking Function (EHF) was established to depict the speed-slope relationship and to inform evacuation modeling and planning. The regression analysis showed that evacuees' speed was significantly negatively associated with slope, time spent during evacuation, rough terrain surface, walking at night, and distance to destination. We also demonstrated the impacts of milling time on mortality rate based on participants' empirical evacuation behavior and a state-of-the-art CSZ ts...
This chapter synthesizes more than two decades of interdisciplinary scholarship by the coauthors ... more This chapter synthesizes more than two decades of interdisciplinary scholarship by the coauthors related to fishing families and coastal communities. Amid the contemporary narrative of increasing coastal storms, erosion, and other physical hazards associated with climate and related coastal hazards facing coastal communities, we find myriad ways that Oregon fishing families and communities adapt to changes and continually demonstrate cultural and community resilience. Fishing families have exhibited their resilience through transformations in family roles, changes in the makeup of the fleet (graying), and never-ending management and resource shifts. This process of adapting to change has been a thread in our research, from one of our first collaborative projects, Adapting to Change: Fishing Businesses, Families, Communities, and Regions (1995) to our current project, The Old(er) Men of the Sea: Graying of the Fishing Industry and Its Impact on Local Community Resiliency. Our work il...
Experts are predicting a major rupture of the Cascadia Subduction Zone (CSZ) sometime within the ... more Experts are predicting a major rupture of the Cascadia Subduction Zone (CSZ) sometime within the twenty-first century. When that happens, it will cause an offshore earthquake at a magnitude of 9.0+. After the tremors subside (about 5 min), a powerful tsunami will strike land. Oregon is known for its strong sense of community and grassroots-style initiatives. When the CSZ events occur, it will take that culture of resilience to cope with the disaster. When it comes to tsunamis, minutes matter. This chapter presents work by the coauthors related to tsunami evacuation and Oregon preparedness. An important dimension to mitigating the impact of coastal hazards is local ecological knowledge of land and seascapes. We describe the utility of agent-based modeling to assess likely tsunami scenarios and, through the participation of local community volunteers and coproduction of local ecological knowledge, use the information to inform community members and emergency planners on how to improve readiness strategies. The results of this research advance a culture of individual and community-level preparedness, thereby enhancing overall local community resilience.
Abstract Although there has been an increase in the research of social-ecological systems, there ... more Abstract Although there has been an increase in the research of social-ecological systems, there are still many gaps to understand the effects of change within coastal communities and ecosystems. The drivers of change include climate change, management regulations, demographic shifts, and market trends, and their intersectionality and, ultimately, impacts on commercial fishing communities are poorly understood. The research presented here explores connections between climate change and the increase in the average age of commercial fishermen, referred to as “graying of the fleet”. Ultimately, these connections inform our overall objective: to understand how cumulative impacts from these two ongoing phenomena affect the resilience and adaptive capacity of the fishing community. Parsing out the connections may help managers or policy makers more accurately conceptualize future scenarios of community change and simultaneously enables the location of specific target areas for intervention or opportunity. Oral history semi-structured interviews with members of Oregon’s fishing community were analyzed and recent climate change projections from the literature were synthesized to parameterize a set of possible scenarios regarding impacts on the fishing community. Results indicate that climate change will likely intensify both the stressors contributing to and the impacts of the graying of the fleet in Oregon. Analysis of the cumulative impacts from climate change and graying of the fleet reveal a greater impact on resilient and adaptive capacities of Oregon’s fishing community than analysis of the drivers individually indicates. Therefore, an important implication from this research is the need to evaluate cumulative impacts within these coupled social-ecological systems. Relying on the responsive adaptability of fishing community members alone may not be sufficient, as their resilience and capacity to do so could be limited in the future.
This article examines public values and attitudes associated with the current marine reserves (MR... more This article examines public values and attitudes associated with the current marine reserves (MRs) in Oregon (United States), and how attitudes might change if these areas were to be designated as marine wilderness. Data were obtained from a representative survey of 530 residents of the most heavily populated region in Oregon. Twenty-one assigned values for Oregon's MRs were statistically grouped into three broader categories of values (environmental protection, emotional well-being, recreation) with respondents clearly preferring that these areas provide values fostering environmental protection over those providing for human emotional or recreational well-being. Respondents who considered environmental protection values to be important were likely to have more positive attitudes (e.g., like, good) about these MRs in general and also feel more positively about these areas if they were to be designated as marine wilderness in particular. Attitudes toward these MRs in general were also positively related to changes in specific attitudes with potential marine wilderness designation. Conversely, those who considered recreation values to be important were likely to have more negative attitudes about these MRs in general and the attitudes for these respondents would become even more negative if these areas were to be designated as marine wilderness.
ABSTRACT This study examines the link between political capital and climate change adaptation, an... more ABSTRACT This study examines the link between political capital and climate change adaptation, and tests the relationship among political capital, social capital, and human capital. Political capital is studied through power distribution, voice, and connection in three rural villages in Java, Indonesia. This study finds that rural communities with a more distributed power structure are more likely to take the initiative to mobilize efforts by using their own resources to cope and adapt to climate change. Analysis with binary-logistic regression shows that social capital is a better predictor in the exercise of political capital than human capital. While the act of giving gifts to neighbors is associated with more community activism, receiving gifts from neighbors and membership in community groups tend to lower the activism.
Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, 2020
Earthquakes along the Cascadia subduction zone would generate a local tsunami that could arrive a... more Earthquakes along the Cascadia subduction zone would generate a local tsunami that could arrive at coastlines within minutes. Few studies provide empirical evidence to understand the potential behaviors of local residents during this emergency. To fill this knowledge gap, this study examines residents’ perceptions and intended evacuation behaviors in response to an earthquake and tsunami, utilizing a survey sent to households in Seaside, OR. The results show that the majority of respondents can correctly identify whether their house is inside or outside a tsunami inundation zone. Older respondents are more likely to identify this correctly regardless of any previous disaster evacuation experience or community tenure. The majority of respondents (69%) say they would evacuate in the event of a tsunami. Factors influencing this choice include age, motor ability, access to transportation, and trust in infrastructure resiliency or traffic conditions. While the City of Seaside actively pr...
Journal of Environmental Studies and Sciences, 2020
Though a global issue, climate change adaptation necessitates local action. For many rural commun... more Though a global issue, climate change adaptation necessitates local action. For many rural communities, challenges to available capital, infrastructure and knowledge systems need to be identified to adequately address climate change adaptability. In this study, social capital and information networks are examined as local adaptation strategies to mitigate specific risks and vulnerabilities to wildfire. We examine survey data collected from 683 owner-occupied rural central Oregon households, where localized climate change manifestations present risks to residents through increased wildfire occurrence and severity. Results indicate that social network ties to professionals knowledgeable on climate change and/or wildfires have no statistical impact on perceptions of climate change or associated local risks. Such social network ties are, however, mediated by a social capital measure of governmental trust for climate change. Results also indicate residents with higher perceptions of adaptation capacity to mobilize for collective action had greater concern for localized risks while residents with higher views of community solidarity had less concern. Clarifying these relationships adds to our understanding of social networks, community level social capital, and concerns for generalized climate change versus localized manifestations of risk as adaptation strategies for forested rural communities.
International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 2020
Abstract This study examines public risk perceptions and behavioral intentions in the event of a ... more Abstract This study examines public risk perceptions and behavioral intentions in the event of a Cascadia Subduction Zone (CSZ) earthquake and local tsunami on the Oregon Coast. A household survey was conducted in Seaside, Oregon, a small coastal community located within the impact radius of the CSZ. This research analyzes how situational variables of hazard proximity, past experience, preparedness, perception of location relative to a tsunami inundation zone, knowledge of tsunamis, and demographic variables, along with psychological constructs of risk perceptions and self-efficacy, influence intended evacuation behaviors. Results show that risk perception and self-efficacy have a positive significant influence on the intended behaviors of immediate evacuation. In addition, physical preparedness, tsunami-relevant knowledge and location perception serve as significant predictors of immediate evacuation intentions. Being female is positively associated with pre-evacuation behavioral intentions, encompassing checking social media, collecting documents, and contacting loved ones. The results contribute to the emerging body of literature examining human decision-making processes in extreme events.
Abstract Commercial fishing is deeply embedded in the economy and culture of many communities on ... more Abstract Commercial fishing is deeply embedded in the economy and culture of many communities on the Oregon coast. Recent economic, environmental, and regulatory changes impacting fisheries have exacerbated the need to investigate the relationship between the commercial fishing industry and their host communities. The objective of this study is to examine the impact of the ‘graying of the fleet’ phenomenon (e.g., the increase in the average age of commercial fishermen) on community resilience in two coastal communities in Oregon. Utilizing qualitative research methods, the occurrence of the graying of the fleet in Oregon, factors contributing to this phenomenon, and implications for fishing community resilience are examined. Data consisted of interviews with commercial fishermen (n = 48) and community leaders (n = 17). Findings indicate graying is perceived as occurring by members of the fishing industry, but is not a concern for community leaders. Members of the fishing community and local community leaders agree that regulatory changes and shifting societal norms have resulted in notable impacts to commercial fishing fleets and their host communities. Participants identified the important cultural role of the commercial fishing industry to community identity and sense of place, and expressed concerns that changes in tightening fisheries management could detract from this culture. Implications of the relationship between perceptions of graying of the fleet, fisheries policy and community resilience are discussed.
Haiti is far from achieving the UN goal of sanitation access for all; 20% of the population has n... more Haiti is far from achieving the UN goal of sanitation access for all; 20% of the population has no sanitation access, and less than 0.1% of the country’s excreta is safely managed. Container-Based Sanitation (CBS) may be key to achieving timely and equitable sanitation coverage in Haiti’s cities. CBS can provide immediate sanitation access without preexisting infrastructure, and where permanent infrastructure is impractical. Investor caution and policy barriers, however, presently limit the growth of CBS solutions. Globally, most CBS services are provided by private organizations like EkoLakay, which provides a portable toilet and weekly excreta collection for a monthly fee. While the EkoLakay service is popular, attrition is high. This study examines the relationship between users and the service, and its role in improved sanitation accessibility. For this study, 633 active and former EkoLakay subscribers in Cap Haïtien were interviewed to reveal causes and implications of attritio...
Barbier, Edward B., Koch, Eva-Maria W., Silliman, Brian R., Hacker, Sally D., Wolanski, Eric, Pri... more Barbier, Edward B., Koch, Eva-Maria W., Silliman, Brian R., Hacker, Sally D., Wolanski, Eric, Primavera, Jurgenne H., Granek, Elise F., Polasky, Stephen, Aswani, Shankar, Cramer, Lori A., Stoms, David M., Kennedy, Chris J., Bael, David, Kappel, Carrie V., Perillo, Gerardo ME, and Reed, Denise J. (2008) Vegetation's role in coastal protection: response. American Association for the Advancement of Science. ... Official URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.320.58... ... This publication does not have an abstract.
of life issues Anticipated changes . Support/oppose the proposed repository Hypotheses revisited ... more of life issues Anticipated changes . Support/oppose the proposed repository Hypotheses revisited Conclusions .... Limitations and suggestions for future research ... Limitations of the study Suggestions for future research REFERENCES.
Supplemental material, TRR_Paper_-_20-03710_Seaside_survey for Households' Intended Evacuatio... more Supplemental material, TRR_Paper_-_20-03710_Seaside_survey for Households' Intended Evacuation Transportation Behavior in Response to Earthquake and Tsunami Hazard in a Cascadia Subduction Zone City by Chen Chen, Alexandra Buylova, Cadell Chand, Haizhong Wang, Lori A. Cramer and Daniel T. Cox in Transportation Research Record
Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development, 2021
A primary goal of the WASH sector is to facilitate transitions from open defecation to improved s... more A primary goal of the WASH sector is to facilitate transitions from open defecation to improved sanitation. Many residents of low-income countries desire improved sanitation but lack the resources to obtain or maintain access to toilets. For such persons, describing the goal as ‘behavior change’ implies a deficiency in mindset, failing to capture contextual factors affecting sanitation access. Furthermore, household circumstances affect movement both up and down the sanitation ladder, a phenomenon that the sector tends to overlook. This study, based on interviews with 308 former subscribers to Haitian container-based-sanitation service EkoLakay, tracks household sanitation access at four points in time: prior to subscribing, during the subscription period, immediately upon unsubscribing, and at the time of interview. We describe this movement through time as the ‘sanitation arc’. Prior to subscribing, households were more likely to practice open defecation or rely on non-household s...
The authors thank Tommy Swearingen and Cristen Don at Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife (ODF... more The authors thank Tommy Swearingen and Cristen Don at Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife (ODFW) for their assistance, input, and support during this project.
This dataset is a result of a household survey conducted in the Fall 2017 in Seaside, Oregon. It ... more This dataset is a result of a household survey conducted in the Fall 2017 in Seaside, Oregon. It contains data on public risk perceptions and behavioral intentions in the threat of Cascadia Subduction Zone Earthquake and Tsunami.
This paper presents the use of tsunami evacuation drills within a coastal community in the Cascad... more This paper presents the use of tsunami evacuation drills within a coastal community in the Cascadia Subduction Zone (CSZ) to better understand evacuation behaviors and thus to improve tsunami evacuation preparedness and resilience. Evacuees' spatial trajectory data were collected by Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) embedded mobile devices. Based on the empirical trajectory data, probability functions were employed to model people's walking speed during the evacuation drills. An Evacuation Hiking Function (EHF) was established to depict the speed-slope relationship and to inform evacuation modeling and planning. The regression analysis showed that evacuees' speed was significantly negatively associated with slope, time spent during evacuation, rough terrain surface, walking at night, and distance to destination. We also demonstrated the impacts of milling time on mortality rate based on participants' empirical evacuation behavior and a state-of-the-art CSZ ts...
This chapter synthesizes more than two decades of interdisciplinary scholarship by the coauthors ... more This chapter synthesizes more than two decades of interdisciplinary scholarship by the coauthors related to fishing families and coastal communities. Amid the contemporary narrative of increasing coastal storms, erosion, and other physical hazards associated with climate and related coastal hazards facing coastal communities, we find myriad ways that Oregon fishing families and communities adapt to changes and continually demonstrate cultural and community resilience. Fishing families have exhibited their resilience through transformations in family roles, changes in the makeup of the fleet (graying), and never-ending management and resource shifts. This process of adapting to change has been a thread in our research, from one of our first collaborative projects, Adapting to Change: Fishing Businesses, Families, Communities, and Regions (1995) to our current project, The Old(er) Men of the Sea: Graying of the Fishing Industry and Its Impact on Local Community Resiliency. Our work il...
Experts are predicting a major rupture of the Cascadia Subduction Zone (CSZ) sometime within the ... more Experts are predicting a major rupture of the Cascadia Subduction Zone (CSZ) sometime within the twenty-first century. When that happens, it will cause an offshore earthquake at a magnitude of 9.0+. After the tremors subside (about 5 min), a powerful tsunami will strike land. Oregon is known for its strong sense of community and grassroots-style initiatives. When the CSZ events occur, it will take that culture of resilience to cope with the disaster. When it comes to tsunamis, minutes matter. This chapter presents work by the coauthors related to tsunami evacuation and Oregon preparedness. An important dimension to mitigating the impact of coastal hazards is local ecological knowledge of land and seascapes. We describe the utility of agent-based modeling to assess likely tsunami scenarios and, through the participation of local community volunteers and coproduction of local ecological knowledge, use the information to inform community members and emergency planners on how to improve readiness strategies. The results of this research advance a culture of individual and community-level preparedness, thereby enhancing overall local community resilience.
Abstract Although there has been an increase in the research of social-ecological systems, there ... more Abstract Although there has been an increase in the research of social-ecological systems, there are still many gaps to understand the effects of change within coastal communities and ecosystems. The drivers of change include climate change, management regulations, demographic shifts, and market trends, and their intersectionality and, ultimately, impacts on commercial fishing communities are poorly understood. The research presented here explores connections between climate change and the increase in the average age of commercial fishermen, referred to as “graying of the fleet”. Ultimately, these connections inform our overall objective: to understand how cumulative impacts from these two ongoing phenomena affect the resilience and adaptive capacity of the fishing community. Parsing out the connections may help managers or policy makers more accurately conceptualize future scenarios of community change and simultaneously enables the location of specific target areas for intervention or opportunity. Oral history semi-structured interviews with members of Oregon’s fishing community were analyzed and recent climate change projections from the literature were synthesized to parameterize a set of possible scenarios regarding impacts on the fishing community. Results indicate that climate change will likely intensify both the stressors contributing to and the impacts of the graying of the fleet in Oregon. Analysis of the cumulative impacts from climate change and graying of the fleet reveal a greater impact on resilient and adaptive capacities of Oregon’s fishing community than analysis of the drivers individually indicates. Therefore, an important implication from this research is the need to evaluate cumulative impacts within these coupled social-ecological systems. Relying on the responsive adaptability of fishing community members alone may not be sufficient, as their resilience and capacity to do so could be limited in the future.
This article examines public values and attitudes associated with the current marine reserves (MR... more This article examines public values and attitudes associated with the current marine reserves (MRs) in Oregon (United States), and how attitudes might change if these areas were to be designated as marine wilderness. Data were obtained from a representative survey of 530 residents of the most heavily populated region in Oregon. Twenty-one assigned values for Oregon's MRs were statistically grouped into three broader categories of values (environmental protection, emotional well-being, recreation) with respondents clearly preferring that these areas provide values fostering environmental protection over those providing for human emotional or recreational well-being. Respondents who considered environmental protection values to be important were likely to have more positive attitudes (e.g., like, good) about these MRs in general and also feel more positively about these areas if they were to be designated as marine wilderness in particular. Attitudes toward these MRs in general were also positively related to changes in specific attitudes with potential marine wilderness designation. Conversely, those who considered recreation values to be important were likely to have more negative attitudes about these MRs in general and the attitudes for these respondents would become even more negative if these areas were to be designated as marine wilderness.
ABSTRACT This study examines the link between political capital and climate change adaptation, an... more ABSTRACT This study examines the link between political capital and climate change adaptation, and tests the relationship among political capital, social capital, and human capital. Political capital is studied through power distribution, voice, and connection in three rural villages in Java, Indonesia. This study finds that rural communities with a more distributed power structure are more likely to take the initiative to mobilize efforts by using their own resources to cope and adapt to climate change. Analysis with binary-logistic regression shows that social capital is a better predictor in the exercise of political capital than human capital. While the act of giving gifts to neighbors is associated with more community activism, receiving gifts from neighbors and membership in community groups tend to lower the activism.
Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, 2020
Earthquakes along the Cascadia subduction zone would generate a local tsunami that could arrive a... more Earthquakes along the Cascadia subduction zone would generate a local tsunami that could arrive at coastlines within minutes. Few studies provide empirical evidence to understand the potential behaviors of local residents during this emergency. To fill this knowledge gap, this study examines residents’ perceptions and intended evacuation behaviors in response to an earthquake and tsunami, utilizing a survey sent to households in Seaside, OR. The results show that the majority of respondents can correctly identify whether their house is inside or outside a tsunami inundation zone. Older respondents are more likely to identify this correctly regardless of any previous disaster evacuation experience or community tenure. The majority of respondents (69%) say they would evacuate in the event of a tsunami. Factors influencing this choice include age, motor ability, access to transportation, and trust in infrastructure resiliency or traffic conditions. While the City of Seaside actively pr...
Journal of Environmental Studies and Sciences, 2020
Though a global issue, climate change adaptation necessitates local action. For many rural commun... more Though a global issue, climate change adaptation necessitates local action. For many rural communities, challenges to available capital, infrastructure and knowledge systems need to be identified to adequately address climate change adaptability. In this study, social capital and information networks are examined as local adaptation strategies to mitigate specific risks and vulnerabilities to wildfire. We examine survey data collected from 683 owner-occupied rural central Oregon households, where localized climate change manifestations present risks to residents through increased wildfire occurrence and severity. Results indicate that social network ties to professionals knowledgeable on climate change and/or wildfires have no statistical impact on perceptions of climate change or associated local risks. Such social network ties are, however, mediated by a social capital measure of governmental trust for climate change. Results also indicate residents with higher perceptions of adaptation capacity to mobilize for collective action had greater concern for localized risks while residents with higher views of community solidarity had less concern. Clarifying these relationships adds to our understanding of social networks, community level social capital, and concerns for generalized climate change versus localized manifestations of risk as adaptation strategies for forested rural communities.
International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 2020
Abstract This study examines public risk perceptions and behavioral intentions in the event of a ... more Abstract This study examines public risk perceptions and behavioral intentions in the event of a Cascadia Subduction Zone (CSZ) earthquake and local tsunami on the Oregon Coast. A household survey was conducted in Seaside, Oregon, a small coastal community located within the impact radius of the CSZ. This research analyzes how situational variables of hazard proximity, past experience, preparedness, perception of location relative to a tsunami inundation zone, knowledge of tsunamis, and demographic variables, along with psychological constructs of risk perceptions and self-efficacy, influence intended evacuation behaviors. Results show that risk perception and self-efficacy have a positive significant influence on the intended behaviors of immediate evacuation. In addition, physical preparedness, tsunami-relevant knowledge and location perception serve as significant predictors of immediate evacuation intentions. Being female is positively associated with pre-evacuation behavioral intentions, encompassing checking social media, collecting documents, and contacting loved ones. The results contribute to the emerging body of literature examining human decision-making processes in extreme events.
Abstract Commercial fishing is deeply embedded in the economy and culture of many communities on ... more Abstract Commercial fishing is deeply embedded in the economy and culture of many communities on the Oregon coast. Recent economic, environmental, and regulatory changes impacting fisheries have exacerbated the need to investigate the relationship between the commercial fishing industry and their host communities. The objective of this study is to examine the impact of the ‘graying of the fleet’ phenomenon (e.g., the increase in the average age of commercial fishermen) on community resilience in two coastal communities in Oregon. Utilizing qualitative research methods, the occurrence of the graying of the fleet in Oregon, factors contributing to this phenomenon, and implications for fishing community resilience are examined. Data consisted of interviews with commercial fishermen (n = 48) and community leaders (n = 17). Findings indicate graying is perceived as occurring by members of the fishing industry, but is not a concern for community leaders. Members of the fishing community and local community leaders agree that regulatory changes and shifting societal norms have resulted in notable impacts to commercial fishing fleets and their host communities. Participants identified the important cultural role of the commercial fishing industry to community identity and sense of place, and expressed concerns that changes in tightening fisheries management could detract from this culture. Implications of the relationship between perceptions of graying of the fleet, fisheries policy and community resilience are discussed.
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Papers by Lori A Cramer