Medicină şi politică în periodicul Călăuza sanitară si igienică, Bucureşti, 1899-1907 LIGIA LIVAD... more Medicină şi politică în periodicul Călăuza sanitară si igienică, Bucureşti, 1899-1907 LIGIA LIVADĂ-CADESCHI Călăuza sanitară şi igienică a apărut la Bucureşti între 1899-1907, sub redacţia dr. I. Ştefănescu, medic primar al judeţului Ilfov. Ceea ce vom urmări cu predilecţie în paginile acestei publicaţii sunt raporturile pe care medicina ca domeniu şi medicul ca profesionist al acestui domeniu le întreţin cu spaţiul politic, fie direct, fie indirect, prin intermediul administraţiilor centrală, dar mai ales locale. În anii 1900, la nivel general european, raportul dintre medicină/igienă şi spaţiul politic avea deja o tradiţie de mai bine de un secol. Încă din ultimele decenii ale secolului al XVIII-lea, spaţiul medical începe să coincidă cu spaţiul social sau mai degrabă să-l traverseze şi să-l penetreze pe de-a-ntregul, iar medicina capătă un rol determinant în arhitectura de ansamblu a ştiinţelor umane1. Puterea politică, înţeleasă sub specia administraţiei centrale şi a administraţiilor locale şi puterea, nu doar curativă, ci şi profilactică a medicinei, împărtăşeau acelaşi tip de autoritate asupra întregii populaţii, dar mai ales asupra claselor populare. Între anumite limite, acest tip de medicină beneficiază nu doar de raporturi privilegiate cu puterea politică, dar contractul social însuşi poate fi conceput ca un contract medical2. Igienismul românesc3, ca model social global, propus şi promovat cu precădere de medici, curent căruia i se subsumează Călăuza sanitară si igienică, este perfect contemporan şi integrat mişcării similare europene (în linii 4 Patrice Bourdelais, "Les logiques du developpement de l'hygiene publique", în IDEM (sous la direction de ...), Les hygienistes. Enjeux, modeles et pratiques, X I e-X X siecles,
Les preoccupations concernant l’alimentation populaire s’inscrivent dans la thematique generale d... more Les preoccupations concernant l’alimentation populaire s’inscrivent dans la thematique generale de l’hygienisme des dernieres decennies du xixe siecle et du debut du xxe siecle. Le discours sur l’alimentation populaire se concentre alors sur le regime alimentaire presque exclusivement vegetal, le manque de connaissances culinaires, la consommation de mais avarie qui provoque la pellagre. L’hygiene de l’alimentation populaire souleve le probleme de la capacite economique reelle du menage paysan. Pour les medecins hygienistes roumains, l’alimentation populaire reste un sujet aux connotations ideologiques qui renvoie a la necessite d’augmenter la population et d’assurer sa bonne sante, indissolublement liee a la capacite militaire et economique du pays. Les differences entre les representants du courant hygieniste tiennent a l’acceptation (ou non) de la responsabilite de l’Etat concernant le sort des paysans, dans les conditions ou l’acces aux produits alimentaires de base signifie, en derniere instance, l’acces a la propriete.
Les Notes de la guerre de la Grande Roumanie publiees en 1926 par le Dr Vasile Bianu sont une mon... more Les Notes de la guerre de la Grande Roumanie publiees en 1926 par le Dr Vasile Bianu sont une monumentale construction ideologique qui trouve son pretexte dans le journal tenu par leur auteur au fil des evenements. Le Dr Bianu envisage les rapports de la Roumanie avec les Puissances centrales sous l’angle de l’ideal national roumain, dissociant l’Etat allemand constitue par unification sur le principe des nationalites et l’Etat multinational austro-hongrois. Les evolutions dramatiques sur le front roumain determineront une radicalisation du discours du Dr Bianu. Il denonce le militarisme allemand, la contradiction entre la superiorite de la culture allemande et les horreurs de la guerre, les vols et les humiliations que les Allemands font subir aux Roumains. Outre la pedagogie nationaliste, Les Notes du Dr Bianu rendent compte egalement de toute une serie de sentiments, d’emotions, d’impressions de leur auteur.
Bucureşti (în continuare A.N.I.C.-B.), inventar 2347, fond "Eforia caselor făcătoare de bine", do... more Bucureşti (în continuare A.N.I.C.-B.), inventar 2347, fond "Eforia caselor făcătoare de bine", dosar 1/1832, f. 1.
During the first half of the 19th century, social public care was organized along two directions:... more During the first half of the 19th century, social public care was organized along two directions: commitment of professional beggars, without a family, in specialized institutions, and home assistance of beggars with families (by a monthly pension and by an annual change of clothes). The article relies on archive documents, such as potential beneficiaries’ help requests, administrative documents issued by the authorities, lists of help beneficiaries, inquiries, etc. It presents aspects related to the practical functioning of the social assistance: types of beneficiaries, pension distribution procedures, abuses and frauds. The legal limitations of the administrative rigidity of the pension system were strictly defined, even before the assessment of the real needs in society. This is the reason the efficiency of the pension system was lower than expected both by the authorities and the beneficiaries
The first decades of the Romanian 19th century are characterized by the struggle of some signific... more The first decades of the Romanian 19th century are characterized by the struggle of some significant classes of the society that keep on trying to affirm and impose their own conception of an European ideal, that should be modern and progressive, in opposition with the barbarian and despotic ottoman orientalism. The essential purpose of this approach is with no doubt a political one. But the temptation of a political revival passes through the necessity of a new social construction of which the main promoter is a new social subject, a citizen-subject, educated in the spirit of the European values of the time. Thus the education, the instruction and the school itself become the most important vectors of this renewal. The interest shown to these fields already has some very good previous antecedents. Since the middle 18th century in accordance with the Enlightenment European ideas, the Phanariots princes had been willing to exploit the political virtues of the public education of whic...
Les documents sur lesquels nous fondons notre demarche proviennent du Registre de rapports crimin... more Les documents sur lesquels nous fondons notre demarche proviennent du Registre de rapports criminels du P ce Alexandre Constantin Moruzi, avec temoignages, memoires et plaintes, 1794-1796. Du point de vue de la justice de l'epoque, les relations sexuelles en dehors du mariage (c'est-a-dire le concubinage) relevent de la competence de l'Eglise, alors que l'adultere et le viol sont des affaires penales. Au fur et a mesure qu'elles se dessinent, les differentes causes nous devoilent des aspects, des situations, des details de la vie de couple des prevenus et rendent compte de la facon dont la societe concevait la nonne, l'imposait et sanctionnait les transgressions.
Melanges historiques publies a l'occasion du XIe Congres de l'Association Internationale d'Etudes du Sud-Est Europeen. Sofia, 31 aout-4 septembre 2015, 2015
Annals of the University of Bucharest / Political science series, 2013
Throughout the eighteenth and early nineteenth century, members of the local aristocracy, the Met... more Throughout the eighteenth and early nineteenth century, members of the local aristocracy, the Metropolitans of the two Principalities, or the Phanariot rulers created the first charitable foundations aimed at caring for the poor. The prince placed himself as originator of all organised welfare initiatives in the Romanian Principalities. By being very present in charitable actions, the prince ensured that the state controlled charity and set the direction it took, so that charity consequently became a matter of state. Despite constant appeals from the central authority, private initiative remained poorly organised. On the other hand, individual gestures, which certainly took place, are scarcely reflected by historical documents, being confined to families and having a smaller impact at the larger level of society as far as welfare and poor relief are concerned. In the first half of the nineteenth century, concern for the poor moved away from the religious sphere and became attributes of a good citizen's civic and patriotic duty. Charitable foundations started to be described as "patriotic assets", and their progress to be linked to the country's level of civilisation. Charity therefore gradually became a "branch of administration", and thus strongly dependent on its limited and always insufficient budget. Keywords: social care, charitable foundations, poor relief, pauper hospitals, Alms Box (Cutia Milelor), Department of social care for the poor (Casele făcătoare de bine şi de folos obştesc).
Medicină şi politică în periodicul Călăuza sanitară si igienică, Bucureşti, 1899-1907 LIGIA LIVAD... more Medicină şi politică în periodicul Călăuza sanitară si igienică, Bucureşti, 1899-1907 LIGIA LIVADĂ-CADESCHI Călăuza sanitară şi igienică a apărut la Bucureşti între 1899-1907, sub redacţia dr. I. Ştefănescu, medic primar al judeţului Ilfov. Ceea ce vom urmări cu predilecţie în paginile acestei publicaţii sunt raporturile pe care medicina ca domeniu şi medicul ca profesionist al acestui domeniu le întreţin cu spaţiul politic, fie direct, fie indirect, prin intermediul administraţiilor centrală, dar mai ales locale. În anii 1900, la nivel general european, raportul dintre medicină/igienă şi spaţiul politic avea deja o tradiţie de mai bine de un secol. Încă din ultimele decenii ale secolului al XVIII-lea, spaţiul medical începe să coincidă cu spaţiul social sau mai degrabă să-l traverseze şi să-l penetreze pe de-a-ntregul, iar medicina capătă un rol determinant în arhitectura de ansamblu a ştiinţelor umane1. Puterea politică, înţeleasă sub specia administraţiei centrale şi a administraţiilor locale şi puterea, nu doar curativă, ci şi profilactică a medicinei, împărtăşeau acelaşi tip de autoritate asupra întregii populaţii, dar mai ales asupra claselor populare. Între anumite limite, acest tip de medicină beneficiază nu doar de raporturi privilegiate cu puterea politică, dar contractul social însuşi poate fi conceput ca un contract medical2. Igienismul românesc3, ca model social global, propus şi promovat cu precădere de medici, curent căruia i se subsumează Călăuza sanitară si igienică, este perfect contemporan şi integrat mişcării similare europene (în linii 4 Patrice Bourdelais, "Les logiques du developpement de l'hygiene publique", în IDEM (sous la direction de ...), Les hygienistes. Enjeux, modeles et pratiques, X I e-X X siecles,
Les preoccupations concernant l’alimentation populaire s’inscrivent dans la thematique generale d... more Les preoccupations concernant l’alimentation populaire s’inscrivent dans la thematique generale de l’hygienisme des dernieres decennies du xixe siecle et du debut du xxe siecle. Le discours sur l’alimentation populaire se concentre alors sur le regime alimentaire presque exclusivement vegetal, le manque de connaissances culinaires, la consommation de mais avarie qui provoque la pellagre. L’hygiene de l’alimentation populaire souleve le probleme de la capacite economique reelle du menage paysan. Pour les medecins hygienistes roumains, l’alimentation populaire reste un sujet aux connotations ideologiques qui renvoie a la necessite d’augmenter la population et d’assurer sa bonne sante, indissolublement liee a la capacite militaire et economique du pays. Les differences entre les representants du courant hygieniste tiennent a l’acceptation (ou non) de la responsabilite de l’Etat concernant le sort des paysans, dans les conditions ou l’acces aux produits alimentaires de base signifie, en derniere instance, l’acces a la propriete.
Les Notes de la guerre de la Grande Roumanie publiees en 1926 par le Dr Vasile Bianu sont une mon... more Les Notes de la guerre de la Grande Roumanie publiees en 1926 par le Dr Vasile Bianu sont une monumentale construction ideologique qui trouve son pretexte dans le journal tenu par leur auteur au fil des evenements. Le Dr Bianu envisage les rapports de la Roumanie avec les Puissances centrales sous l’angle de l’ideal national roumain, dissociant l’Etat allemand constitue par unification sur le principe des nationalites et l’Etat multinational austro-hongrois. Les evolutions dramatiques sur le front roumain determineront une radicalisation du discours du Dr Bianu. Il denonce le militarisme allemand, la contradiction entre la superiorite de la culture allemande et les horreurs de la guerre, les vols et les humiliations que les Allemands font subir aux Roumains. Outre la pedagogie nationaliste, Les Notes du Dr Bianu rendent compte egalement de toute une serie de sentiments, d’emotions, d’impressions de leur auteur.
Bucureşti (în continuare A.N.I.C.-B.), inventar 2347, fond "Eforia caselor făcătoare de bine", do... more Bucureşti (în continuare A.N.I.C.-B.), inventar 2347, fond "Eforia caselor făcătoare de bine", dosar 1/1832, f. 1.
During the first half of the 19th century, social public care was organized along two directions:... more During the first half of the 19th century, social public care was organized along two directions: commitment of professional beggars, without a family, in specialized institutions, and home assistance of beggars with families (by a monthly pension and by an annual change of clothes). The article relies on archive documents, such as potential beneficiaries’ help requests, administrative documents issued by the authorities, lists of help beneficiaries, inquiries, etc. It presents aspects related to the practical functioning of the social assistance: types of beneficiaries, pension distribution procedures, abuses and frauds. The legal limitations of the administrative rigidity of the pension system were strictly defined, even before the assessment of the real needs in society. This is the reason the efficiency of the pension system was lower than expected both by the authorities and the beneficiaries
The first decades of the Romanian 19th century are characterized by the struggle of some signific... more The first decades of the Romanian 19th century are characterized by the struggle of some significant classes of the society that keep on trying to affirm and impose their own conception of an European ideal, that should be modern and progressive, in opposition with the barbarian and despotic ottoman orientalism. The essential purpose of this approach is with no doubt a political one. But the temptation of a political revival passes through the necessity of a new social construction of which the main promoter is a new social subject, a citizen-subject, educated in the spirit of the European values of the time. Thus the education, the instruction and the school itself become the most important vectors of this renewal. The interest shown to these fields already has some very good previous antecedents. Since the middle 18th century in accordance with the Enlightenment European ideas, the Phanariots princes had been willing to exploit the political virtues of the public education of whic...
Les documents sur lesquels nous fondons notre demarche proviennent du Registre de rapports crimin... more Les documents sur lesquels nous fondons notre demarche proviennent du Registre de rapports criminels du P ce Alexandre Constantin Moruzi, avec temoignages, memoires et plaintes, 1794-1796. Du point de vue de la justice de l'epoque, les relations sexuelles en dehors du mariage (c'est-a-dire le concubinage) relevent de la competence de l'Eglise, alors que l'adultere et le viol sont des affaires penales. Au fur et a mesure qu'elles se dessinent, les differentes causes nous devoilent des aspects, des situations, des details de la vie de couple des prevenus et rendent compte de la facon dont la societe concevait la nonne, l'imposait et sanctionnait les transgressions.
Melanges historiques publies a l'occasion du XIe Congres de l'Association Internationale d'Etudes du Sud-Est Europeen. Sofia, 31 aout-4 septembre 2015, 2015
Annals of the University of Bucharest / Political science series, 2013
Throughout the eighteenth and early nineteenth century, members of the local aristocracy, the Met... more Throughout the eighteenth and early nineteenth century, members of the local aristocracy, the Metropolitans of the two Principalities, or the Phanariot rulers created the first charitable foundations aimed at caring for the poor. The prince placed himself as originator of all organised welfare initiatives in the Romanian Principalities. By being very present in charitable actions, the prince ensured that the state controlled charity and set the direction it took, so that charity consequently became a matter of state. Despite constant appeals from the central authority, private initiative remained poorly organised. On the other hand, individual gestures, which certainly took place, are scarcely reflected by historical documents, being confined to families and having a smaller impact at the larger level of society as far as welfare and poor relief are concerned. In the first half of the nineteenth century, concern for the poor moved away from the religious sphere and became attributes of a good citizen's civic and patriotic duty. Charitable foundations started to be described as "patriotic assets", and their progress to be linked to the country's level of civilisation. Charity therefore gradually became a "branch of administration", and thus strongly dependent on its limited and always insufficient budget. Keywords: social care, charitable foundations, poor relief, pauper hospitals, Alms Box (Cutia Milelor), Department of social care for the poor (Casele făcătoare de bine şi de folos obştesc).
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