Papers by Lewis Bwalya Chilufya
International Journal of Advanced Research (IJAR), 2024
It is now over a year since Russian launched its so-called special
military operation against Uk... more It is now over a year since Russian launched its so-called special
military operation against Ukraine. Several states, as well as the NorthAtlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), the United Nations, and other
International Organizations condemned the war from its inception. At the
same time, other states have opted to remain neutral.
Regardless, the initial general belief that this conflict would not
degenerate into a long drawn-out war has waned in the face of
escalation and increasing involvement of NATO, thus raising fears of
an outbreak of a Third World War (WWIII). This article conceptually
examines the challenges that the Russia-Ukraine war poses to the
the prospect of a global society and ethics of liberalism in international
relations. In so doing, it unravels glaring limitations and questions on
both counts. Ultimately, it advances the argument that vital states’
interests, competition for power and security in an anarchic
the international system still holds great sway in international relations. As
such, as liberalism ethics that has fueled the concept of a global society
are altogether proven to be untenable in the midst of power politics power
politics and nationalism that continue to characterize the international
system.
International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science
Currently, Zambian universities face challenges of ethical leadership. These challenges are multi... more Currently, Zambian universities face challenges of ethical leadership. These challenges are multifaceted and mostly common. In their wake, there is no guidance on how to devise a fitting ethical leadership. The objective of this article is to theoretically answer to this need. To this effect, it interrogates the classical notions of ethics and leadership. It then comparatively explores major models of ethics, that is, the deontological, teleological and relationality-responsibility models. In this light, it makes an evaluation of ethical challenges in university leadership. Though particular university-situations vary, the assumption of this treatment is that there are certain enduring ethical qualities and principles that should cut across. These features should be present in ethical leadership in any university context. Thus, through a comparative analysis of literature on the major ethical models and a discussion on the implications of prevalent ethical challenges in universities...
International journal of research and innovation in social science, 2023
Currently, Zambian universities face challenges of ethical leadership. These challenges are multi... more Currently, Zambian universities face challenges of ethical leadership. These challenges are multifaceted and mostly common. In their wake, there is no guidance on how to devise a fitting ethical leadership. The objective of this article is to theoretically answer to this need. To this effect, it interrogates the classical notions of ethics and leadership. It then comparatively explores major models of ethics, that is, the deontological, teleological and relationality-responsibility models. In this light, it makes an evaluation of ethical challenges in university leadership. Though particular university-situations vary, the assumption of this treatment is that there are certain enduring ethical qualities and principles that should cut across. These features should be present in ethical leadership in any university context. Thus, through a comparative analysis of literature on the major ethical models and a discussion on the implications of prevalent ethical challenges in universities, the article establishes and recommends the model that can be used to adequately shape leadership to meet common ethical exigencies. On this score, it also concludes that effective leadership of universities cannot be delinked from ethics; the two are sides of the same coin and are both indispensable for the success and sustainability of universities.
International Affairs and Global Strategy, 2023
Zambia has been encountering cases of human trafficking. This is notwithstanding the fact that Za... more Zambia has been encountering cases of human trafficking. This is notwithstanding the fact that Zambia has advanced in terms of developing anti-trafficking legislations and adopting international standard. Indicators of this weakness are, for instance, manifest in the continued incidences of human trafficking, inability to convict human traffickers and inadequate protection services for trafficking victims. The objective of this article is to interrogate the question as to why the country is still faced with challenges in combating human trafficking. To this end, it defines the concept of human trafficking and highlights the existing juridical order as constituted by international, regional and national legislations related to human trafficking. With this backdrop, it explores the phenomenon of human trafficking in Zambia by focussing on its prevalence, causes and effects. It then analyses the pervasiveness of this transborder crime chiefly through the perspective of the Rational Choice Theory (RCT). This analysis engenders the conclusion that RCT fails to capture the entire complexity of human trafficking. It thus should be used in conjunction with other theories and empirical evidence to gain a comprehensive understanding of this complex phenomenon. Principally, the article recommends undertaking concrete and comprehensive reinforcement of the laws pertaining to this crime.
Research Aspects in Arts and Social Studies Vol. 1
The objective of this chapter is to assess the influence that the Christian religious beliefs and... more The objective of this chapter is to assess the influence that the Christian religious beliefs and practices of the Seventh Day Adventist Church (hereinafter SDA) in Zambia's nascent democracy. To this end, it highlights religious underpinnings that ideally influence participation of members of the SDA in political voting. Additionally, it identifies secular factors that affect their civic engagement as well as emerging trends that have come to define SDA political participation. In this light, the chapter affirms the overlap of religion, ethnicity and politics that exist in Zambia. Based on this, it argues that secular factors have increasingly become more predominant than Christian stimuli in SDA members' political involvement. To substantiate this development, the chapter discusses the 2021 electoral results in the Southern province of Zambia, a stronghold of the SDA Church. Thus, the chapter recommends, among other things, clarity in the Church's teachings on members' participation in politics as well as recalibrating their religious education on civic matters in order to give clear and consistent guidance.
Langat). The symptoms of leaf spot and anthracnose diseases were recorded and characterized. In t... more Langat). The symptoms of leaf spot and anthracnose diseases were recorded and characterized. In this study, the leaf spot and anthracnose diseases were found to be associated with three pathogens; they are Colletotrichum spp., Curvularia sp., and Pestalotiopsis sp. The disease survey revealed that leaf spot disease was a major problem in oil palm seedlings with the highest incidence was 62.8% compared to anthracnose disease at 16.5%. For incidence of leaf spot disease, the highest were recorded in Kuala Langat, Selangor (90.3%) and Kluang, Johor (87.7%). The least incidences of leaf spot were recorded in three nurseries in Perak occurring between 50.0% to 55.0%. For anthracnose disease, the highest incidence was recorded in Kuala Langat, Selangor (45.0%) and the least were recorded in six nurseries which were located in Johor and Perak occurring between 8.0% to 14.0%. For assessment of disease severity (DS), the highest for leaf spot disease were recorded in Kluang (64.7%) and Kahang (59.2%), both in Johor. Besides, the least severity was recorded in Permatang Guntung, Perak with 19.2%. For DS of anthracnose disease, the highest were recorded in Kuala Langat, Selangor (9.1%) and Teluk Intan, Perak (6.5%) and the least DS were recorded in six nurseries which were located in Johor and Perak occurring between 1.0% to 2.5%. The study also found disease incidence of leaf spot and anthracnose diseases were both highly significant with different age of oil palm seedlings. As the seedlings became older, incidence of leaf spot and anthracnose diseases were reduced. For leaf spot disease, seedling <4 months old, the highest score percentage at 77.4% followed by 4-12 months old which was 72.8% and seedlings with age >12 month old were the lowest score of 49.0%. This was similar with disease incidence of anthracnose for <4 months old (21.5%), 4-12 months old (16.8%) and with the least incidence was observed in seedlings aged >12 months old at 14.8%. For interaction of seedling age with DS of leaf spot, study revealed that there were highly significant relationships with seedling ages. Seedling with age <4 months old were the most susceptible and severely affected (50.9%) followed by seedling age 4-12 months old (39.8%) and the most resistance seedling age was the seedling >12 months old with only 18.4%. However, for anthracnose disease, there was no significant relationship between DS and seedlings ages.
Ethics & International Affairs, 2005
The central contention of this essay is that a just cause for war is a wrong that is of a type th... more The central contention of this essay is that a just cause for war is a wrong that is of a type that can make those responsible for it morally liable to military attack as a means of preventing or rectifying it. This claim has many implications that conflict with assumptions of the currently orthodox theory of the just war. Among the implications explored in the text are that the requirement of just cause is logically and morally prior to all the other requirements of a just war, that this requirement governs all phases of a war and not just the resort to war, that it is thus impermissible to continue to fight a war once the just cause or causes have been achieved, that it is impermissible to fight at all in a war that lacks a just cause, that just cause is a restriction on the type of aim that may be pursued by means of war and is not a matter of scale, that a war that lacks a just cause may be morally justified even if it is not just, and that a belligerent can pursue both just and...
Asian Journal of Education and Social Studies
This study sought to establish the level of patriotism among youths in Zambia and to establish wh... more This study sought to establish the level of patriotism among youths in Zambia and to establish whether voting was the only way to show patriotism among the youths. This study employed a qualitative approach to generate data because the views and opinions of the youths in Zambia were sought. A descriptive research design was used. The target population were all youths in Zambia. The sample consisted of 50 youths and 5 senior citizens who were purposively selected. 20 youths and 5 senior citizens were subjected to interviews and 30 youths were subjected to Focus Group Discussions (FGDs), thus 5 FGDs comprising of 6 members were used to gather data. Inductive thematic analysis was used to analyse data. Key findings were that youth were able to define patriotism though this appeared rhetoric. Voting was not the only way to show patriotism but just one of the ways patriotism may be expressed. Patriotism had to do with the emotional attachment to a nation. The spirit of patriotism should ...
Journal of Poverty, Investment and Development, 2020
Development, in human history, has been driven by various factors. Some of these have sheer human... more Development, in human history, has been driven by various factors. Some of these have sheer human ingenuity and pressure to survive through the demands of different kinds of environment and circumstance. In any case, there have been certain values that have constantly informed human activity and strides. Such values have included social ethics of the major world religions.In this article, we have focused on how the values of social ethics of the world's major religions inform development in so far as they exert control on human conduct, and which, in turn, either propel or hinder the agenda of development. On this basis, we have ultimately argued that development of countries and societies are interlocked with social ethics of these religious values. As such, these values should always be given a voice in deliberations regarding policymaking and politics surrounding the subject of development of countries and societies.
Asian Journal of Education and Social Studies
This article assesses the influence that the Christian religious beliefs and practices of the Sev... more This article assesses the influence that the Christian religious beliefs and practices of the Seventh Day Adventist Church (hereinafter SDA) in Zambia’s nascent democracy. By employing a comparative theoretical approach, it highlights religious motivations that are meant to drive the levels of participation of members of the SDA in the electoral process such as campaigns and voting. Furthermore, it identifies secular factors that influence their civic participation as well as the emergent trends that have become characteristic of SDA political involvement. In this light, the article argues that secular factors have increasingly become more predominant than Christian motivations in SDA members’ political involvement. This trend was evidenced by electoral results in Southern province of Zambia, which holds the stronghold of the Church’s membership. Thus, the article recommends, among other things, that leaders of the SDA Church should offer clear teachings and consistent guidance on m...
Asian Journal of Education and Social Studies, 2022
This study sought to establish the level of patriotism among youths in Zambia and to establish wh... more This study sought to establish the level of patriotism among youths in Zambia and to establish whether voting was the only way to show patriotism among the youths. This study employed a qualitative approach to generate data because the views and opinions of the youths in Zambia were sought. A descriptive research design was used. The target population were all youths in Zambia. The sample consisted of 50 youths and 5 senior citizens who were purposively selected. 20 youths and 5 senior citizens were subjected to interviews and 30 youths were subjected to Focus Group Discussions (FGDs), thus 5 FGDs comprising of 6 members were used to gather data. Inductive thematic analysis was used to analyse data. Key findings were that youth were able to define patriotism though this appeared rhetoric. Voting was not the only way to show patriotism but just one of the ways patriotism may be expressed. Patriotism had to do with the emotional attachment to a nation. The spirit of patriotism should be rooted in the ideas that gave birth to a nation. Based on the findings, this study recommends to the government through the Ministry of Education to strengthen patriotic values in schools and this should begin at kindergarten. Civil Society Organizations in Zambia should come up with awareness programmes targeted at the youths on patriotism.
Asian Journal of Education and Social Studies, 2022
This article assesses the influence that the Christian religious beliefs and practices of the Sev... more This article assesses the influence that the Christian religious beliefs and practices of the Seventh Day Adventist Church (hereinafter SDA) in Zambia's nascent democracy. By employing a comparative theoretical approach, it highlights religious motivations that are meant to drive the levels of participation of members of the SDA in the electoral process such as campaigns and voting. Furthermore, it identifies secular factors that influence their civic participation as well as the emergent trends that have become characteristic of SDA political involvement. In this light, the article argues that secular factors have increasingly become more predominant than Christian motivations in SDA members' political involvement. This trend was evidenced by electoral results in Southern province of Zambia, which holds the stronghold of the Church's membership. Thus, the article recommends, among other things, that leaders of the SDA Church should offer clear teachings and consistent guidance on members' participation in politics. This will require, at least in the Zambian context, recalibrating the Church's religious education on civic matters.
This article is anchored on a study that evaluated the management of Art and Design in selected s... more This article is anchored on a study that evaluated the management of Art and Design in selected schools in Chongwe and Rufunsa districts of Zambia. The overarching goal of the study was to establish what else could be done for children to benefit fully from the subject as they play and make art. The theoretical framework was on the Social Development Theory of Learning, which was developed by Lev Vygotsky. The latter fundamentally proposed that social interaction profoundly influenced cognitive development of children. Based on this understanding, this study demonstrated that through play with art and design, children are likely to develop traits such as creativity, inventiveness, critical and analytical thinking. These traits could equip them for survival in their natural environments as well as instill values in them that would make them good members of their communities. To arrive at this conclusion, questionnaires were used to collect data, which was mainly qualitative. Conseque...
International Journal of Advanced Multidisciplinary Research , 2022
Zambia is historically undergoing a phase when Religious Education in schools is receiving renewe... more Zambia is historically undergoing a phase when Religious Education in schools is receiving renewed consideration. Largely, this development has been prompted by the view that Religious Education enables pupils to develop morally, and effect is particularly desirable since it is in conformity with national values that have been enshrined in the country's Constitution. Religious Education is indeed meant to enable pupils gain the knowledge, understanding and skills needed to handle questions raised by religious beliefs as well as to help them develop ethically. However, despite Religious Education being implemented in secondary schools in Zambia, there are prevalent moral challenges that still affect the learners. This article sheds light on this discrepancy by focusing on the experience of two secondary schools. In this respect, it is informed by the findings of a largely qualitative study that was undertaken. In its analysis of this data and relevant literature, the article concludes that Religious Education plays a vital role in the moral development of learners, notwithstanding some of their wrongdoings. However, this role can only be enhanced through regular reviews of the curriculum, a process that should foster incorporation of the views of key stakeholders.
International Affairs and Global Strategy, 2019
Zambia faces violation of children's rights as well as difficulties in accessing justice by c... more Zambia faces violation of children's rights as well as difficulties in accessing justice by children. This situation stems from interplay of various factors. Fundamentally, these include poor legislative framework, weak enforcement mechanisms for existent laws, and cultural influences which are chiefly manifested in the customary law. Consequently, several children are denied of opportunities to meaningfully live their lives and to actualize their full potentials as citizens. By building on the primary data which was collected from three Zambian rural districts and the review of appropriate literature, the article highlights lacunas in the Zambian legal framework. It also brings to the fore the practical challenges in ensuring protection of children's rights and access to justice through enforcement of child-related laws. The article concludes that the spread of human rights as an international norm is far from becoming a universal reality. The absence of appropriate nationa...
An Evaluation of Art and Design in Primary Education in Zambia, 2021
This article is anchored on a study that evaluated the management of Art and Design in selected s... more This article is anchored on a study that evaluated the management of Art and Design in selected schools in Chongwe and Rufunsa districts of Zambia. The overarching goal of the study was to establish what else could be done for children to benefit fully from the subject as they play and make art. The theoretical framework was on the Social Development Theory of Learning, which was developed by Lev Vygotsky. The latter fundamentally proposed that social interaction profoundly influenced cognitive development of children. Based on this understanding, this study demonstrated that through play with art and design, children are likely to develop traits such as creativity, inventiveness, critical and analytical thinking. These traits could equip them for survival in their natural environments as well as instill values in them that would make them good members of their communities. To arrive at this conclusion, questionnaires were used to collect data, which was mainly qualitative. Conseque...
International Affairs and Global Strategy, 2019
This article analyses, in the light of the perspectives of liberalism, the factors that hinder th... more This article analyses, in the light of the perspectives of liberalism, the factors that hinder the operations of sub-regional economic integration of the Zambia-Malawi-Mozambique-Growth Triangle (ZMMGT). To this end, it exposes the background of the ZMMGT, explores what governments of the three member-states have done in a bid to implement this concept effectively. In so doing, the article builds on primary data collected, through interviews, from key institutions and individuals charged with the task of spearheading the operations of ZMMGT. Besides, it triangulates this raw information with the review of existing literature on the subject. In concluding analysis, the article contends that liberalism, in its entirety, does not account for the failure to create economic integration of the sub-regions. This is notwithstanding its inherently perceived mutual benefits of economic cooperation as evidenced in the ZMMGT project. Keywords: Zambia-Malawi-Mozambique-Growth Triangle, Liberali...
This article analyses, in the light of the perspectives of liberalism, the factors that hinder th... more This article analyses, in the light of the perspectives of liberalism, the factors that hinder the operations of subregional economic integration of the Zambia-Malawi-Mozambique-Growth Triangle (ZMMGT). To this end, it exposes the background of the ZMMGT, explores what governments of the three member-states have done in a bid to implement this concept effectively. In so doing, the article builds on primary data collected, through interviews, from key institutions and individuals charged with the task of spearheading the operations of ZMMGT. Besides, it triangulates this raw information with the review of existing literature on the subject. In concluding analysis, the article contends that liberalism, in its entirety, does not account for the failure to create economic integration of the sub-regions. This is notwithstanding its inherently perceived mutual benefits of economic cooperation as evidenced in the ZMMGT project.
International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science, 2021
Zambia is one of the countries in Africa which is largely and predominantly heterogeneous in term... more Zambia is one of the countries in Africa which is largely and predominantly heterogeneous in terms of tribes or ethnic groups. The nation boasts of 73 different ethnic groups each with a different cultural and traditional orientation. This multicultural aspect of the nation was one of the challenges faced by the independent government led by President Kenneth Kaunda and the United National Independence Party (UNIP) in 1964 shortly after gaining control from the colonial masters. It was clear at that time that despite Zambia being one country, it was ethnically divided and that, according to President Kenneth Kaunda, posed a great danger to the unity of the nation. Important to note is the fact that in the decade immediately before and after independence, ethnic tensions remained a distinct threat to Zambian unity. The ethnic divisions, which had fermented in the pre-independence period began to spill-over into the new nation. After independence, ethnicity remained the strongest and most logical form of identification for many Zambians. It was in response to this challenge, to which Kaunda was highly attuned as a result of his own family’s history, that Kaunda developed and effected a political ideology and agenda of nationalist unity. In this article, we argue that the ‘One Zambia One Nation Motto’ was not only meant to unite the 73 ethnic groups in Zambia but also to unite Africa for a common good as expressed by heads of states and representatives at Dr. Kenneth David Buchizya Kaunda’s state funeral on 02nd July, 2021 at Heroes Stadium in Lusaka, Zambia. Furthermore, we discuss in this article the implication of ‘One Zambia One Nation Motto’ on multicultural aspect.
Key Words: Motto; One Zambia One Nation; Ethnic Groups; Multiculturalism
International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology, 2019
There has been escalation of transnational organized crime (TOC) globally in view of the manifest... more There has been escalation of transnational organized crime (TOC) globally in view of the manifestation of globalization which has ripped off traditional. Besides, the scourge has also been exacerbated by the end of cold war that has spurred TOC like human trafficking which is one of the major trans-border crimes that have perpetuated Sub-Sahara Africa including Zambia through various borders among them Katima-mulilo border. This article analyses the causes and effects of transnational organized crimes in relation to human trafficking to the security of Zambia as well as the possible solution to curb the vice. Katima-Mulilo Border with Namibia was chosen as a case study area due to rampant reports of human trafficking transiting through. The article drawn from a qualitative case study methodology in which data was collected using secondary sources and units, categories and condensation was formed to analyze the data. This secondary sources data was collected from text books, journals, newspapers, seminar papers, internet materials and documentary sources and reports. The secondary data was triangulated with primary data collected from victims through walking interview.
Human Trafficking or trafficking in persons is TOC in the sense that it involves more than one person. Therefore, this article applies Rational Choice Theory, the theory appropriate for study of such criminology in international frontier. Rational choice theory helps to articulate how people behave individually in relation to frontier crime like human trafficking. The study established a number of factors attributed to the scourge inter –alia; poverty, porous borders, corruption and high number of orphans owing to the deaths of their parents through HIV/AIDs that consequently puts pressure on the security of Zambia as most victims were vulnerable children and women. The article recommends for effective and efficient implantation of Zambia 7th National Development Plan (7th NDP) together with Act 11 of 2008 on the Anti-Human Trafficking and other Anti Trans-border Crime related.
Keywords:- Transnational Organized Crime, Human Trafficking, Border, Katima-Mulilo and Zambia
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Papers by Lewis Bwalya Chilufya
military operation against Ukraine. Several states, as well as the NorthAtlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), the United Nations, and other
International Organizations condemned the war from its inception. At the
same time, other states have opted to remain neutral.
Regardless, the initial general belief that this conflict would not
degenerate into a long drawn-out war has waned in the face of
escalation and increasing involvement of NATO, thus raising fears of
an outbreak of a Third World War (WWIII). This article conceptually
examines the challenges that the Russia-Ukraine war poses to the
the prospect of a global society and ethics of liberalism in international
relations. In so doing, it unravels glaring limitations and questions on
both counts. Ultimately, it advances the argument that vital states’
interests, competition for power and security in an anarchic
the international system still holds great sway in international relations. As
such, as liberalism ethics that has fueled the concept of a global society
are altogether proven to be untenable in the midst of power politics power
politics and nationalism that continue to characterize the international
system.
Key Words: Motto; One Zambia One Nation; Ethnic Groups; Multiculturalism
Human Trafficking or trafficking in persons is TOC in the sense that it involves more than one person. Therefore, this article applies Rational Choice Theory, the theory appropriate for study of such criminology in international frontier. Rational choice theory helps to articulate how people behave individually in relation to frontier crime like human trafficking. The study established a number of factors attributed to the scourge inter –alia; poverty, porous borders, corruption and high number of orphans owing to the deaths of their parents through HIV/AIDs that consequently puts pressure on the security of Zambia as most victims were vulnerable children and women. The article recommends for effective and efficient implantation of Zambia 7th National Development Plan (7th NDP) together with Act 11 of 2008 on the Anti-Human Trafficking and other Anti Trans-border Crime related.
Keywords:- Transnational Organized Crime, Human Trafficking, Border, Katima-Mulilo and Zambia
military operation against Ukraine. Several states, as well as the NorthAtlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), the United Nations, and other
International Organizations condemned the war from its inception. At the
same time, other states have opted to remain neutral.
Regardless, the initial general belief that this conflict would not
degenerate into a long drawn-out war has waned in the face of
escalation and increasing involvement of NATO, thus raising fears of
an outbreak of a Third World War (WWIII). This article conceptually
examines the challenges that the Russia-Ukraine war poses to the
the prospect of a global society and ethics of liberalism in international
relations. In so doing, it unravels glaring limitations and questions on
both counts. Ultimately, it advances the argument that vital states’
interests, competition for power and security in an anarchic
the international system still holds great sway in international relations. As
such, as liberalism ethics that has fueled the concept of a global society
are altogether proven to be untenable in the midst of power politics power
politics and nationalism that continue to characterize the international
system.
Key Words: Motto; One Zambia One Nation; Ethnic Groups; Multiculturalism
Human Trafficking or trafficking in persons is TOC in the sense that it involves more than one person. Therefore, this article applies Rational Choice Theory, the theory appropriate for study of such criminology in international frontier. Rational choice theory helps to articulate how people behave individually in relation to frontier crime like human trafficking. The study established a number of factors attributed to the scourge inter –alia; poverty, porous borders, corruption and high number of orphans owing to the deaths of their parents through HIV/AIDs that consequently puts pressure on the security of Zambia as most victims were vulnerable children and women. The article recommends for effective and efficient implantation of Zambia 7th National Development Plan (7th NDP) together with Act 11 of 2008 on the Anti-Human Trafficking and other Anti Trans-border Crime related.
Keywords:- Transnational Organized Crime, Human Trafficking, Border, Katima-Mulilo and Zambia