Papers by Katherine Binder
Reading and writing
This study examined differences between adults with low literacy skills and typically achieving c... more This study examined differences between adults with low literacy skills and typically achieving children, who were matched on decoding ability, on their production of morphologically complex words (MC) in oral and written stories. In addition, we collected data on their morphological awareness, spelling, and vocabulary skills. Both adults and children were more likely to produce MC words in their oral stories compared to their written stories. While children were much more skilled at using -ed forms to produce past tense verbs than adults, adults were more likely to add -s to a verb and to produce contractions compared to children. Children and adults were comparable in pluralizing words, adding -ing to verbs, and producing derived MC words. For all of the literacy measures (morphological awareness, spelling, and vocabulary) adults always outperformed children. Thus, while adults were stronger in morphological awareness, spelling, and vocabulary, those skills did not seem to aid in ...
Journal of research and practice for adult literacy, secondary, and basic education, 2013
The goal of this study was to compare the literacy skills of adult native English and native Span... more The goal of this study was to compare the literacy skills of adult native English and native Spanish ABE speakers. Participants were 169 native English speakers and 124 native Spanish speakers recruited from five prior research projects. The results showed that the native Spanish speakers were less skilled on morphology and passage comprehension tasks but were equally skilled on the phonology and vocabulary tasks. Morphology, coupled with phonology, was a stronger predictor of vocabulary and comprehension abilities for the native Spanish speakers, which suggests that instruction focused on morphology is likely to have a greater impact on this group.
Journal of research and practice for adult literacy, secondary, and basic education, 2014
This study examined whether the spelling abilities of adults with low literacy skills could be pr... more This study examined whether the spelling abilities of adults with low literacy skills could be predicted by their phonological, orthographic, and morphological awareness. Sixty Adult Basic Education (ABE) students completed several literacy tasks. It was predicted that scores on phonological and orthographic tasks would explain variance in spelling scores, whereas scores on morphological tasks may not. Scores on all phonological tasks and on one orthographic task emerged as significant predictors of spelling scores. Additionally, error analyses revealed a limited influence of morphological knowledge in spelling attempts. Implications for ABE instruction are discussed.
European Surgery, 2011
Zusammenfassung  GRUNDLAGEN: Welche Patientengruppe am ehesten von der Off-Pump-Chirurgie profiti... more Zusammenfassung  GRUNDLAGEN: Welche Patientengruppe am ehesten von der Off-Pump-Chirurgie profitiert, wird sehr kontrovers diskutiert. Diese prospektive, randomisierte Studie untersucht diese Operationsmethode an Patienten mit deutlich herabgesetzter linksventrikulärer Auswurffraktion (EF). METHODIK: Von 51 Patienten mit einer EF < 35 % wurden 26 mit der Off-Pump-Methode und 25 konventionell operiert. Untersucht wurden neben der Zeit bis zur Extubation vor allem auch ein kombinierter
2010 IEEE Virtual Reality Conference (VR), 2010
A number of studies have reported that distance judgments are underestimated in virtual environme... more A number of studies have reported that distance judgments are underestimated in virtual environments (VE) when compared to those made in the real world. Studies have also reported that providing users with visual feedback in the VE improves their distance perception and made them feel more immersed in the virtual world. In this study, we investigated the effect of tactile feedback and visual manipulation of the VE on egocentric distance perception. In contrast to previous studies which have focused on task-specific and error-corrective feedback (for example, providing knowledge about the errors in distance estimations), we demonstrate that exploratory feedback is sufficient for reducing errors in distance estimation. In Experiment 1, the effects of different types of feedback (visual, tactile and visual plus tactile) on distance judgments were studied. Tactile feedback was given to participants as they explored and touched objects in a VE. Results showed that distance judgments improved in the VE regardless of the type of sensory feedback provided. In Experiment 2, we presented a real world environment to the participants and then situated them in a VE that was either a replica or an altered representation of the real world environment. Results showed that participants made significant underestimation in their distance judgments when the VE was not a replica of the physical space. We further found that providing both visual and tactile feedback did not reduce distance compression in such a situation. These results are discussed in the light of the nature of feedback provided and how assumptions about the VE may affect distance perception in virtual environments.
Philosophical Magazine B-Physics of Condensed Matter Statistical Mechanics Electronic Optical and Magnetic Properties, 1998
We present the results of a large scale computer simulation of supercooled silica. We find that a... more We present the results of a large scale computer simulation of supercooled silica. We find that at high temperatures the diffusion constants show a non-Arrhenius temperature dependence whereas at low temperature this dependence is also compatible with an Arrhenius law. We demonstrate that at low temperatures the intermediate scattering function shows a two-step relaxation behavior and that it obeys the time temperature superposition principle. We also discuss the wave-vector dependence of the nonergodicity parameter and the time and temperature dependence of the non-Gaussian parameter.
Reading and Writing, 2012
The purpose of the current study was to explore the relationship between prosody, which is the ex... more The purpose of the current study was to explore the relationship between prosody, which is the expressive quality of reading out loud, and reading comprehension in adults with low literacy skills compared to skilled readers. All participants read a passage orally, and we extracted prosodic measures from the recordings. We examined pitch changes and how long readers paused at various points while reading. Finally, for the adults with low literacy skills, we collected information on decoding, word recognition, and reading comprehension. We found several interesting results. First, adults with low literacy skills paused longer than skilled readers and paused at a substantially greater number of punctuation marks. Second, while adults with low literacy skills do mark the end of declarative sentences with a pitch declination similar to skilled readers, their readings of questions lack a change in pitch. Third, decoding and word recognition skills were related to pauses while reading; readers with lower skills made longer and more frequent and inappropriate pauses. Finally, pausing measures explained a significant amount of variance in reading comprehension among the adults with low literacy skills.
Vision Research, 2001
We examined the initial landing position of the eyes in target words that were either predictable... more We examined the initial landing position of the eyes in target words that were either predictable or unpredictable from the preceding sentence context. Although readers skipped over predictable words more than unpredictable words and spent less time on predictable words when they did fixate on them, there was no difference in the launch site of the saccade to the target word. Moreover, there was only a very small difference in the initial landing position on the target word as a function of predictability when the target words were fixated which is most parsimoniously explained by positing that a few programmed skips of the target word fell short of their intended target. These results suggest that low-level processing is primarily responsible for landing position effects in reading.
The Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgeon, 2007
School Psychology Quarterly, 2013
Although extensive research supports repeated readings (RR) as an intervention for improving read... more Although extensive research supports repeated readings (RR) as an intervention for improving reading fluency, it largely ignores reading prosody, which is a key component of reading fluency. The current study extends the RR literature by examining the impact of RR on prosody and whether the content of directions and feedback might impact what components of fluency are improved. Elementary students (N = 76) were randomly assigned to either a rate- or prosody-focused RR intervention. The study differs from existing RR research in that (a) students were average as opposed to struggling students, (b) prosody was evaluated, and (c) measures of prosody were objective as opposed to subjective. Results support previous research suggesting that RR improves fluency but indicate that the nature of the instruction and performance feedback provided to students influences the components of reading fluency (i.e., rate or prosody) that are improved.
Reading and Writing, 2008
The purpose of this study was to assess the role that phonological, orthographic, and contextual ... more The purpose of this study was to assess the role that phonological, orthographic, and contextual sources of information play in a group of adults who were learning to read compared to adult skilled readers. Participants read short paragraphs that contained a correct homophone, an incorrect homophone, or a spelling control. Target words were orthographically similar or dissimilar, and they appeared
The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology A, 1999
Martin, Vu, Kellas, and Metcalf (this issue) claim to have demonstrated that the subordinate bias... more Martin, Vu, Kellas, and Metcalf (this issue) claim to have demonstrated that the subordinate bias effect (when preceding context instantiates the subordinate meaning of an ambiguous word that has a highly dominant meaning, reading time on that word is lengthened) can be eliminated by strong context. They argue that this provides evidence critical to discriminating between competing models of lexical ambiguity resolution: the reordered access model (in which access of meanings for an ambiguous word is exhaustive but in which the order of access is influenced by prior disambiguating context) and the context-sensitive model (in which access is selective in the presence of prior disambiguating information). We argue that there are methodological problems with their demonstration, but even if there were not, it is unclear that the subordinate bias effect is appropriate for discriminating between competing models of lexical ambiguity resolution (the reordered access model and the context-sensitive model). The effect is an empirical finding and not a fundamental tenet of the reordered access model.
Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 1998
Eye movements were recorded in order to examine how different sources of information—namely, mean... more Eye movements were recorded in order to examine how different sources of information—namely, meaning dominance and strength of biasing context—influence the processing of biased ambiguous words. Gaze durations were longer on ambiguous target words when the preceding context instantiated the subordinate interpretation, even with strongly biasing contexts. Identical results were obtained with a self-paced reading study. Thus, contrary to recent
Psychology and Aging, 1996
A battery of cognitive tasks designed to assess information-processing speed, working memory capa... more A battery of cognitive tasks designed to assess information-processing speed, working memory capability, and declarative learning was administered to a cross-sectional sample of 477 adults ranging in age from 17 to 86 years. Results showed significant age-related decrements in all three constructs. A variety of structural equation models was fit to the results. The preferred model on empirical and conceptual grounds was one that showed (a) working memory capability as the most important mediator of age effects in declarative learning; (b) working memory capability as the mediator for the effects of general processing speed on declarative learning; and (c) differentiation among verbal, numeric, and spatial processing speed and between verbal and spatial working memory capability.
Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archives of Pharmacology, 1996
Previously it was shown that minK protein expression in uterus is regulated by estrogen. In the p... more Previously it was shown that minK protein expression in uterus is regulated by estrogen. In the present study, we were interested in putative direct effects of estrogen on minK protein induced K + currents (Imi.K) in Xenopus oocytes. Superfusion with 17-fl-estradiol (1 pM) resulted in an inhibition of minK-induced currents, but had no appreciable effects on the delayed rectifier and inward rectifier K + channels Kvl.1 and Kir2.1, respectively. The inhibition of I~nK by 17-fl-estradiol was concentration-dependent, with an ICs0 of approximately 0.5 ~tM. In the presence of 17-fl-estradiol, the conductance-voltage relationship was shifted to more depolarized potentials. IrrdnK inhibition occurred also in the presence of the estrogen-receptor antagonist tamoxifen, suggesting that a mechanism independent of estrogen receptors is involved. The synthetic estrogen diethylstilbestrol (DES) also inhibited IminK but with a lower affinity (ICs0 of 4.5 pM), while cortisol and progesterone had only weak effects on Imi,K. In summary, the results indicate that estrogens directly inhibit IminK-
Journal of Thermal Spray Technology, 2011
Titanium coatings have a high potential for various applications and can be produced in high qual... more Titanium coatings have a high potential for various applications and can be produced in high quality by cold spraying. In this contribution, the two major challenges are addressed: (i) optimizing mechanical properties by systematic variation of process parameters, and (ii) evaluating the influence of the spray angle with respect to complex geometries. High deposition efficiencies of more than 95% can
Journal of Memory and Language, 2001
Three experiments were conducted to assess the impact of the thematic fit and discourse context o... more Three experiments were conducted to assess the impact of the thematic fit and discourse context on the processing of sentences that were initially syntactically ambiguous between main verb and reduced relative constructions. Specifically, we tested a strong version of a constraint satisfaction position that suggests that thematic fit and context should produce a garden path effect on a simple, main verb construction. Across three experiments we observed garden path effects for reduced relative target sentences in first-pass reading-time measures, but similar effects for main verb sentences did not occur despite the thematic fit information and discourse contexts which were biased toward the reduced relative reading. The pattern of results is consistent with the predictions of the garden path theory.
Journal of Marriage and Family, 2007
This study examined college women's plans for egalitarian marriages. One hundred and fortyfour he... more This study examined college women's plans for egalitarian marriages. One hundred and fortyfour heterosexual undergraduate women completed surveys about their preferences for different life scenarios and their attitudes about work and family life. The pattern of their preferences showed a distinction between homecentered, balanced, and job-centered egalitarian families. Regressions showed that gender ideology, ideas about parenting and motherhood, career orientation, and family dynamics were associated differentially with the three types of egalitarian families, which reflected the different values that underlay the pursuit of each. The results also cast doubt on whether outsourcing is truly an egalitarian path. Outsourcing domestic labor may simply be a means for women to pursue careers without achieving real equality in families.
Journal of Immunological Methods, 2004
The identification of disease-specific autoantibodies to the 65-kDa isoform of glutamate decarbox... more The identification of disease-specific autoantibodies to the 65-kDa isoform of glutamate decarboxylase (GAD65Ab) epitopes in type 1 diabetes has been hampered by their conformational nature. Here, we compared two methods of GAD65Ab epitope analysis: GAD65/67 fusion proteins and competition assays using GAD65-specific recombinant fraction antigen binding (rFab). Sera from newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes patients (n=61) were studied using both approaches. Competition of GAD65 binding by an rFab to a specific epitope did not correlate with binding to the fusion protein that represented this epitope. Conversely, samples that bound to specific fusion proteins were not necessarily competed with rFab specific to determinants in the same region. We conclude that epitopes of different characteristics are detected by fusion proteins and by competition with rFab. Fusion proteins allow the definition of large epitope regions; however, some conformational GAD65Ab epitopes, especially those residing in the middle region, are destroyed or distorted in the fusion proteins. Competition studies using rFab allow the identification of conformational epitopes. However, monoclonal rFab may only reflect a limited proportion of the epitopes recognized by polyclonal sera. A combined analysis using both approaches may therefore be necessary to gain best understanding of autoantibody characteristics and affinity maturation.
Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 1998
A number of recent studies using eye movement data have yielded evidence suggesting that phonolog... more A number of recent studies using eye movement data have yielded evidence suggesting that phonological codes are activated early in an eye fixation. However, experiments reported by M. Daneman and E. Reingold (1993; M. Daneman, E. M. Reingold, & M. Davidson, 1995) yielded data that led them to argue that phonological codes are primarily activated after lexical access has occurred. In this study, 3 experiments were carried out that were conceptually similar to those of M. Daneman and E. Reingold, and the resulting data supported the position that phonological codes are activated very early in an eye fixation.
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Papers by Katherine Binder