Papers by Hany Abdel Ghafar
In this study, natural clay (NC) was collected from Saudi Arabia and modified by cocamidopropyl b... more In this study, natural clay (NC) was collected from Saudi Arabia and modified by cocamidopropyl betaine (CAPB) at different conditions (CAPB concentration, reaction time, and reaction temperature). NC and modified clay (CAPB-NC) were characterized using X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, field-emission scanning electron microscopy, and N 2 adsorption at 77 K. The adsorption efficiency of NC and CAPB-NC toward Pb 2+ and reactive yellow 160 dye (RY160) was evaluated. The adsorption process was optimized in terms of solution initial pH and adsorbent dosage. Finally, the adsorption kinetics and isotherms were studied. The results indicated that NC consists of agglomerated nonporous particles composed of quartz and kaolinite. CAPB modification reduced the specific surface area and introduced new functional groups by adsorbing on the NC surface. The concentration of CAPB affects the adsorption of RY160 tremendously; the optimum concentration was 2 times the cation exchange capacity of NC. The equilibrium adsorption capacity of CAPB-NC toward RY160 was about 6 times that of NC and was similar for Pb 2+. The adsorption process followed the pseudo-second-order kinetics for both adsorptive. RY160 adsorption on CAPB-NC occurs via multilayer formation while Pb 2+ adsorption on NC occurs via monolayer formation..
Egyptian Journal of Chemistry
I N the current study, alumina nano particles were prepared from waste aluminum residue by an ext... more I N the current study, alumina nano particles were prepared from waste aluminum residue by an extraction and gel formation method. The prepared alumina nanoparticles were used to remove reactive yellow 160 (RY160) from an aqueous solution. The kinetics and adsorption equilibrium were discussed as well. The results show that, the heat-treated samples were consisting of Al and O elements only and their crystalline phase was pure alumina in the nano scale. The alumina nanoparticles were effective adsorbents for the removal of RY160 from aqueous solution with percentage removal 100 % for samples heat-treated at 110°C and 600°C. The adsorption data was well fitted to Langmuir isotherm model for all prepared samples indicating a monolayer adsorption. The adsorption process was found to be endothermic and the adsorption takes place physically on the surface of alumina nanoparticles. The prepared alumina nanoparticles samples can be used as an efficient adsorbent in water treatment.
DESALINATION AND WATER TREATMENT
DESALINATION AND WATER TREATMENT
Dyes can cause significant problems to the aquatic environment and food chain, therefore, their r... more Dyes can cause significant problems to the aquatic environment and food chain, therefore, their removal is one of the main concerns. This study was performed to explore the potential of Scenedesmus obliquus to remove dyes from aquatic environment. A series of batch biosorption experiments were done to evaluate the effect of contact time, solution pH and biomass dosage on the sorption process. The pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order kinetic models were applied to study the biosorption kinetics. The equilibrium data were analyzed by Freundlich, Langmuir and Dubinin-Radushkevich. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic results highlighted the importance of the functional groups on the biomass cell wall in the sorption process. The sorption results revealed that more than 70% of the dye was removed in 10 min. Also, the biosorption process was strongly dependent on the biomass dosage with an optimum removal at 1.2 g/L. The pseudo-second-order model gives the best fit to the kinetic data and suggests that the adsorption rate of the raw biomass is six times that of the treated one. Freundlich model was found to be the best fit to the equilibrium data. It suggests higher uptake capability of raw biomass compared with the CaCl 2 treated one. The methylene blue (MB) uptake by the biomasses was a chemisorption process as indicated by the pseudo-second-order kinetic, Freundlich and Dubinin-Radushkevich models. This study proved that S. obliquus can efficiently remove MB from aqueous medium and the treatment of S. obliquus with CaCl 2 has detrimental effect on its sorption capacity.
DESALINATION AND WATER TREATMENT
The adsorption characteristics of phenol, 2,4,6-trichlorophenol (2,4,6-TCP) and atrazine onto hum... more The adsorption characteristics of phenol, 2,4,6-trichlorophenol (2,4,6-TCP) and atrazine onto humic acid-carbon hybrid materials were investigated under different experimental conditions (ionic strength, pH, adsorbent dose, agitation time and initial concentration). It was found that ionic strength has insignificant effect on the adsorption process which peaked at acidic pH. The kinetic data were fitted to Elovich equation and intra-particle diffusion models. Kinetics results showed that the adsorption can be represented by two steps: a rapid step dominating the first 5 min followed by a slower uptake to the final steady-state value. On the other hand, equilibrium data were examined by Freundlich and Langmuir equations. Langmuir was the best model fit for the adsorption of 2,4,6-TCP onto the studied materials, phenol adsorption on carbon-coated insolubilized humic acid and atrazine adsorption onto insolubilized humic acid and carbon-coated insolubilized humic acid. The study proved that humic acid-carbon hybrid material has higher adsorption capacity than the pure materials.
Desalination and Water Treatment, 2015
ABSTRACT Sensitive and selective spectrophotometric procedures were proposed for the determinatio... more ABSTRACT Sensitive and selective spectrophotometric procedures were proposed for the determination of Fe(III) and Cu(II) using simple chromogenic reagents. The procedure of iron determination was based on the formation of ternary complex between Fe(III) and 4,7-diphenyl-1,10-bathophenanthroline (DPBP)–eosin in acid medium. On the other hand, the procedure of copper (II) determination was based on the formation of ternary complex between Cu(II) and 4,7-diphenyl-1,10-bathophenanthroline (DPBP)–Eriochrome Black-T (EBT) in alkaline medium. The ternary complexes were extracted in the presence of cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide with chloroform. The molar absorptivities of the Fe(III)–DPBP–eosin and Cu(II)–DPBP–EBT ternary complexes were 2.23 · 105 and 9.35 · 104L mol−1 cm−1 at 542 and 565 nm, respectively. Beer’s law is valid over the concentration ranges from 0.280 to 7.814 and from 0.320 to 8.260 μgmL−1 for Fe(III) and Cu(II), respectively. Sandell sensitivity (0.0025 and 0.0679 ng cm−2), relative standard deviation (0.257–1.94 and 0.305–1.85), limits of detection (0.076 and 0.045 μgmL−1) and quantification (0.253 and 0.150 μgmL−1) for Fe(III) and Cu(II) ions, respectively, are calculated. The procedures are applied for the determination of Fe(III) and Cu(II) in different polluted water sources, drinking water, river water as well as cooling water and boiler scales. The results obtained are compared with those obtained using atomic absorption spectroscopy. The effects of different tolerances are studied in the presence of masking agents.
Main Group Chemistry, 2015
This work aims at studying the solid phase composition and chemical constitution of some mineralo... more This work aims at studying the solid phase composition and chemical constitution of some mineralogical raw materials widespread in Gholaa and Osfan regions, Khulais Governorate, in the western area of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Ten samples were investigated through their phase composition using X-ray diffraction (XRD). Four of which were selected for further investigations. The quantitative phase compositions of the selected samples were calculated from XRD data. Their chemical constitutions were determined using x-ray fluorescence technique (XRF). The microstructure of one selected sample was depicted using scanning electron microscope attached with EDAX unit to analyze elementary some selected crystals. Most of the investigated samples composed mainly of albite mineral (NaAlSiO3) and they are suitable for glass ceramic industries. One sample contains considerable contents of quartz (SiO2) and kaolinite (Al2O3.2SiO2.2H2O) in addition to albite; it is suitable for the cement, brick and ceramic industry. Some minerals were present in varying amounts in the samples namely; chlorite (Mg6Si4O10(OH)8), chamosite (Fe3Si2O5(OH)4), chabazite (CaSrAl silicate), biotite (H4K2Mg6Al2Si6O2), microcline (KAlSi3O8), montimorillonite (Mg.Al2O3.5SiO2.xH2O), hematite (Fe2O3) tremolite (Na0.11Ca1.69Mg4.6Fe0.48Al0.29Si7.82O22(OH)2), kaolinite (Al2Si2O5(OH)4) and anatase (TiO2). Based on their chemical and mineralogical compositions the raw materials are suitable for various chemical, mineralogical, and engineering applications.
Microbial biosorption is a promising alternative to replace or supplement present treatment proce... more Microbial biosorption is a promising alternative to replace or supplement present treatment processes for the phenol removal from the wastewater. Ultraviolet (UV) ray was applied for the treatment of R. toruloides to increase its capacity of phenol biosorption. The results demonstrated that the phenol uptake of most obtained mutants, grown in the presence of phenol (790 mg/L), were higher than the wild type strain which uptake 270 (mg/L) of phenol. Increasing phenol uptake is ranged from 35.44 to 100.00% in comparison with the wild type strain (34.18%). The superior mutant No. 9UV-5 uptake 790 mg/L of phenol which represents threefold of the wild type strain. On the other hand, the application of the random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) technique by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) on some selected excellent mutants lead to correlate the genetic characteristics of the excellent mutants with the results obtained from the biosorption experiments in comparison with the wild type. Dif...
Environmental science and pollution research international, Jan 15, 2015
The present work involves the preparation of novel adsorbent materials by the insolubilization an... more The present work involves the preparation of novel adsorbent materials by the insolubilization and hybridization of humic acid (HA) with carbon. The prepared materials were characterized by N2 adsorption, elemental analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, solid-state (13)C cross polarization magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance, and low-field nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) relaxometry on wetted samples. The water solubility of these materials and the lack of effect of oxidants were also confirmed. With this background, the adsorption capacities toward phenol, 2,4,6-tricholrophenol, and atrazine were evaluated, using these as model compounds for organic micropollutants of concern in water. Experimental results show that the prepared materials are mesoporous and have a higher surface area than humic acid and even than the porous carbon in the case of carbon coating. They retain the basic features of...
Desalination and Water Treatment, 2015
Adsorption capacity of activated carbons (ACs) derived from olive cake toward Pb (II) was tested ... more Adsorption capacity of activated carbons (ACs) derived from olive cake toward Pb (II) was tested in batch single ion experimental mode as a function of time, pH, carbon dose, and initial ion concentration. Physicochemical properties were carried out for produced ACs and a commercial Organosorb 10-CO to elucidate the variations of observed results. The total pore volume reached 0.676 cm 3 g −1 for AC2 (activated under forced air); however, AC1 (activated under nitrogen) and Organosorb 10-CO had almost similar total pore volume (0.448 and 0.432 cm 3 g −1 , respectively). The mesopore volume for AC2 was 2.5 and 50 times of AC1 and Organosorb 10-CO, respectively. The scanning electron microscope images reflect the enhancement of thermochemical activation by H 3 PO 4 in increasing the porosity of both ACs. The adsorption of lead ions onto the ACs (confirmed by energy dispersive X-ray) occurred rapidly, since 45 and 48% of lead ions were adsorbed within 30 min onto AC1 and AC2, respectively, in contrast to a limited uptake for Organosorb 10-CO (27%). The q max was achieved within 2 h for AC1 and AC2; however, 3 h was required for Organosorb 10-CO. The tablet form of the commercial AC performs much slower in lead adsorption but established a much higher lead removal percent than the granular form. Langmuir isotherm provided the best fit to the equilibrium data with maximum adsorption capacity of 58.14, 188.67, and 39.84 mg g −1 for AC1, AC2, and Organosorb 10-CO, respectively. The sorption energy (E-value) was 19.36, 8.92, and 11.48 kJ mol −1 for AC1, AC2, and Organosorb 10-CO, respectively, which indicated that the adsorption process takes physically place.
ABSTRACT In this study, low cost technique for water treatment from natural abundant Egyptian dia... more ABSTRACT In this study, low cost technique for water treatment from natural abundant Egyptian diatomite is introduced. The optimum conditions for removal of heavy metals using Egyptian diatomite ore were studied as primary step for treatment of hazardous materials in water and wastewater. Metal removal as well as phenol was investigated using synthetic solutions at initial concentrations of 50 mg/L of individual metals (Cd, Cu, Pb, Zn and Ni) and 10 mg/L for phenol at constant temperature (25±0.1 °C) and (pH 5.5±0.2). The removal efficiency was determined at different contact time, different pH and different diatomite doses in order to continue with isothermal models as next step. The optimum contact time was varied between metals and phenols. Moreover, it was varied between the studied metals since, contact time for uptake of Cd and Zn was 15 min, for Cu 30 min. and 60 min for Ni and Pb. On the other hand, optimum contact time for phenol removal was more than 60 minutes. The optimum dose for removal of all metals recorded to be 0.9 g. Locally Egyptian diatomite was efficient in heavy metal as well as phenol removal at optimum conditions. According to the optimum conditions study, the selectivity sequence can be given as Pb2+ > Cu2+ > Cd2+ > Zn2+ >Ni2+. The combination between phenol and metals as well as the competition between them is understudy. The aim of the understudied investigations is increasing the efficiency of diatomite by further modification as well as study of adsorption and desorption behaviors with respect to the studied metals, phenols and some other recalcitrant hazardous organic compound
The present study examines the absorption capacity of untreated and treated bagasse paper sheet f... more The present study examines the absorption capacity of untreated and treated bagasse paper sheet for oil spills cleanup. An efficient method for paper sheets treated using a heterogeneous solvent exchange acylation procedure and microwave radiation is described. The esterification of paper sheets was performed with long chain fatty acid anhydride (C14, C16, and C18). The ensuing materials were fully characterized by, elemental analysis, FTIR, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), contact angle measurements, and scanning electron microscopy. Indeed, the contact-angle value of a drop of water deposited at the surface of paper increased from 78° for unmodified sheet to about 114, 112, and 125° for stearic, palmetic, and myrestic samples, respectively. Overall, the results suggested that treatment of paper sheet by fatty acids for oil spill cleanup increase the oil adsorption capacity.
International Journal of Environmental Studies, 2003
... 44, 494–500 (1990). [22] RH Al-Hasan, DA Al-Bader, NA Sorkhoh and SS Radwan, “Evidence for n-... more ... 44, 494–500 (1990). [22] RH Al-Hasan, DA Al-Bader, NA Sorkhoh and SS Radwan, “Evidence for n-alkane consumption and oxidation by filamentous cyanobacteria from oil contaminated coasts of the Arabia Gulf”, Marine Biology 130, 521–527 (1998). ... 444 H. ALI GAMILA et al. ...
Desalination and Water Treatment, 2013
Desalination and Water Treatment, 2012
Recycled waste glass (RWG), from municipal solid wastes (MSW) sorting operations, may be used as ... more Recycled waste glass (RWG), from municipal solid wastes (MSW) sorting operations, may be used as a sorbent for cadmium, copper and lead ions removal from industrial wastewaters. To the purpose, the ability of RWG to adsorb Cd 2+ , Cu 2+ and Pb 2+ from aqueous solutions has been studied at different operating conditions: contact time, adsorbent amount and metal ion concentration. Batch adsorption kinetic experiments revealed that the sorption of Cd 2+ , Cu 2+ and Pb 2+ on RWG was very fast and the equilibrium was practically reached after only 60 min at constant temperature and pH (5.6 ± 0.1). It was found that the adsorption mechanisms follow pseudo-second-order kinetics. The adsorption isotherm studies indicate that the adsorption of Cd 2+ , Cu 2+ onto RWG follows Langmuir isotherms, while Pb 2+ can follow Langmuir and Freundlich models. The maximum adsorption capacity (q max) for Cd 2+ , Cu 2+ and Pb 2+ were 6.29, 6.68 and 11.68 mg/g, respectively. From Dubinin-Kaganer-Radushkevich (DKR), the free energy E-value for Cd 2+ , Cu 2+ and Pb 2+ is 14.067, 18.467 and 19.724 kJ/mol, respectively. The positive values of E indicate that the sorption process is endothermic and the energy values for the studied metals sorption on RWG indicate that the sorption process is physisorption.
Desalination and Water Treatment, 2013
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Papers by Hany Abdel Ghafar