The Journal of Infection in Developing Countries, 2016
Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) are important causes of morbidity and mortality, especial... more Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) are important causes of morbidity and mortality, especially in critically ill patients in intensive care units. The aim of this study was to assess the rate and distribution of HAIs, pathogens, and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns in a newly opened pediatric intensive care unit (PICU). The infection control team detected and recorded HAI cases according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's criteria in the PICU of Marmara University Pendik Training and Research Hospital over a four-year period following its opening. Laboratory-based HAIs surveillance was performed prospectively from 1 January 2011 to 30 November 2014. During the study period, 1,007 patients hospitalized in the PICU and 224 HAIs were identified. The overall HAI rate was 22.24%, and the incidence density was 20.71 per 1,000 patient-days. The most commonly observed HAIs were bloodstream infection (35.7%), pneumonia (21.4%), and urinary tract infection (20.5%), and the three most common HAI pathogens were Klebsiella spp. (19.4%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (13.8%), and Acinetobacter baumanii (12%). Methicillin resistance was detected in 78% of coagulase-negative Staphylococcus. Presence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases was determined in 45% and 54% of Klebsiella spp. strains and Escherichia coli isolates, respectively. Our rate of HAIs is higher than the mean rates reported in PICU studies from developed countries. Active surveillance studies of HAIs is an essential component of infection control, which may contribute to improving preventive strategies in developing countries.
Objective: Hyperthermia may induce pathologic alterations within body systems and organs includin... more Objective: Hyperthermia may induce pathologic alterations within body systems and organs including brain. In this study, neuronal effects of endogenous and exogenous hyperthermia (41 °C) were studied in rats. Ma te ri al and Met hod: The endogenous hyperthermia (41 °C) was induced by lipopolysaccharide and the exogenous by an (electric) heater. Possible neuronal damage was evaluated by examining healthy, apoptotic and necrotic cells, and heat shock proteins (HSP 27, HSP 70) in the cerebral cortex, cerebellum and hypothalamus. Re sults: At cellular level, when all neuronal tissues are taken into account; (i) a significant increase in the necrotic cells was observed in the both groups (p<0.05), (ii) while exogenous hyperthermia did not affect apoptotic process significantly, endogenous hyperthermia led to a significant increase in apoptosis (p<0.05), whereas (iii) HSP 70 levels increased in neuronal tissues (p<0.05) in the endogenous hyperthermia group, but they decreased in the exogenous hyperthermia group (p<0.05). No statistically significant change was observed in HSP 27 levels in both of the groups (p>0.05). Dis cus si on: The neural tissue of brain can show different degree of response to hyperthermia. But we can conclude that endogenous hyperthermia is more harmful to central nervous system than exogenous hyperthermia.
Anthrax is primarily a disease of herbivores, but it also causes cutaneous, respiratory and gastr... more Anthrax is primarily a disease of herbivores, but it also causes cutaneous, respiratory and gastrointestinal infections in humans. Bacillus anthracis is an uncommon cause of meningitis and generally produces a haemorrhagic meningoencephalitis. We present the CT and MR findings of anthrax meningoencephalitis due to the cutaneous form of anthrax in a 12-year-old boy. They showed focal intracerebral haemorrhage with leptomeningeal enhancement.
Supraphysiological oxygen concentrations exert significant toxicity to the developing lungs and r... more Supraphysiological oxygen concentrations exert significant toxicity to the developing lungs and retina. However, little information is known about the effects of supraphysiological oxygen concentrations on the developing brain. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of hyperoxia on prefrontal cortex of the developing brain. Effects of hyperoxia were studied by exposing Wistar pups (n = 8) from birth until postnatal day 5 to 80% oxygen in a chamber controlled by an oximeter. Control animals (n = 8) were maintained in room air (21% oxygen). Cell death was assessed with ELISA cell death assay, neuron counting, and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end-labeling (TUNEL) reaction. There was a statistically significant difference in regard to the neuronal density of the prefrontal cortex between the study and control groups (20.37±1.40 versus 26.25±2.37; p = 0.001). There was also a significant increase in ELISA cell death assay in the prefrontal cortex after five day exposure to hyperoxia (10.40±0.83 versus 9.19±0.48 absorbance gram protein; p = 0.001). Our results show that exposure of the developing brain to high concentrations of oxygen causes neuronal loss and an apoptotic neurodegenerative reaction in the prefrontal cortex of the rats.
The Journal of Infection in Developing Countries, 2016
Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) are important causes of morbidity and mortality, especial... more Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) are important causes of morbidity and mortality, especially in critically ill patients in intensive care units. The aim of this study was to assess the rate and distribution of HAIs, pathogens, and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns in a newly opened pediatric intensive care unit (PICU). The infection control team detected and recorded HAI cases according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39;s criteria in the PICU of Marmara University Pendik Training and Research Hospital over a four-year period following its opening. Laboratory-based HAIs surveillance was performed prospectively from 1 January 2011 to 30 November 2014. During the study period, 1,007 patients hospitalized in the PICU and 224 HAIs were identified. The overall HAI rate was 22.24%, and the incidence density was 20.71 per 1,000 patient-days. The most commonly observed HAIs were bloodstream infection (35.7%), pneumonia (21.4%), and urinary tract infection (20.5%), and the three most common HAI pathogens were Klebsiella spp. (19.4%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (13.8%), and Acinetobacter baumanii (12%). Methicillin resistance was detected in 78% of coagulase-negative Staphylococcus. Presence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases was determined in 45% and 54% of Klebsiella spp. strains and Escherichia coli isolates, respectively. Our rate of HAIs is higher than the mean rates reported in PICU studies from developed countries. Active surveillance studies of HAIs is an essential component of infection control, which may contribute to improving preventive strategies in developing countries.
Objective: Hyperthermia may induce pathologic alterations within body systems and organs includin... more Objective: Hyperthermia may induce pathologic alterations within body systems and organs including brain. In this study, neuronal effects of endogenous and exogenous hyperthermia (41 °C) were studied in rats. Ma te ri al and Met hod: The endogenous hyperthermia (41 °C) was induced by lipopolysaccharide and the exogenous by an (electric) heater. Possible neuronal damage was evaluated by examining healthy, apoptotic and necrotic cells, and heat shock proteins (HSP 27, HSP 70) in the cerebral cortex, cerebellum and hypothalamus. Re sults: At cellular level, when all neuronal tissues are taken into account; (i) a significant increase in the necrotic cells was observed in the both groups (p<0.05), (ii) while exogenous hyperthermia did not affect apoptotic process significantly, endogenous hyperthermia led to a significant increase in apoptosis (p<0.05), whereas (iii) HSP 70 levels increased in neuronal tissues (p<0.05) in the endogenous hyperthermia group, but they decreased in the exogenous hyperthermia group (p<0.05). No statistically significant change was observed in HSP 27 levels in both of the groups (p>0.05). Dis cus si on: The neural tissue of brain can show different degree of response to hyperthermia. But we can conclude that endogenous hyperthermia is more harmful to central nervous system than exogenous hyperthermia.
Anthrax is primarily a disease of herbivores, but it also causes cutaneous, respiratory and gastr... more Anthrax is primarily a disease of herbivores, but it also causes cutaneous, respiratory and gastrointestinal infections in humans. Bacillus anthracis is an uncommon cause of meningitis and generally produces a haemorrhagic meningoencephalitis. We present the CT and MR findings of anthrax meningoencephalitis due to the cutaneous form of anthrax in a 12-year-old boy. They showed focal intracerebral haemorrhage with leptomeningeal enhancement.
Supraphysiological oxygen concentrations exert significant toxicity to the developing lungs and r... more Supraphysiological oxygen concentrations exert significant toxicity to the developing lungs and retina. However, little information is known about the effects of supraphysiological oxygen concentrations on the developing brain. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of hyperoxia on prefrontal cortex of the developing brain. Effects of hyperoxia were studied by exposing Wistar pups (n = 8) from birth until postnatal day 5 to 80% oxygen in a chamber controlled by an oximeter. Control animals (n = 8) were maintained in room air (21% oxygen). Cell death was assessed with ELISA cell death assay, neuron counting, and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end-labeling (TUNEL) reaction. There was a statistically significant difference in regard to the neuronal density of the prefrontal cortex between the study and control groups (20.37±1.40 versus 26.25±2.37; p = 0.001). There was also a significant increase in ELISA cell death assay in the prefrontal cortex after five day exposure to hyperoxia (10.40±0.83 versus 9.19±0.48 absorbance gram protein; p = 0.001). Our results show that exposure of the developing brain to high concentrations of oxygen causes neuronal loss and an apoptotic neurodegenerative reaction in the prefrontal cortex of the rats.
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Papers by Feyza Girgin