The enhanced oil recovery phase of oil reservoirs production usually comes after the water/gas in... more The enhanced oil recovery phase of oil reservoirs production usually comes after the water/gas injection (secondary recovery) phase. The main objective of EOR application is to mobilize the remaining oil through enhancing the oil displacement and volumetric sweep efficiency. The oil displacement efficiency enhances by reducing the oil viscosity and/or by reducing the interfacial tension, while the volumetric sweep efficiency improves by developing a favorable mobility ratio between the displacing fluid and the remaining oil. It is important to identify remaining oil and the production mechanisms that are necessary to improve oil recovery prior to implementing an EOR phase. Chemical enhanced oil recovery is one of the major EOR methods that reduces the residual oil saturation by lowering water-oil interfacial tension (surfactant/alkaline) and increases the volumetric sweep efficiency by reducing the water-oil mobility ratio (polymer). In this chapter, the basic mechanisms of differen...
Tailoring the solar absorptivity ( s) and thermal emissivity ( T) of materials constitutes an i... more Tailoring the solar absorptivity ( s) and thermal emissivity ( T) of materials constitutes an innovative approach to solar energy control and energy conversion. Numerous ceramic and metallic materials are currently available for solar absorbance/thermal emittance control. However, conventional metal oxides and dielectric/metal/dielectric multi-coatings have limited utility due to residual shear stresses resulting from the different coefficient of thermal expansion of the layered materials. This research presents an alternate approach based on nanoparticle-filled polymers to afford mechanically durable solar-absorptive and thermally-emissive polymer nanocomposites. The s and T were measured with various nano inclusions, such as carbon nanophase particles (CNPs), at different concentrations. Research has shown that adding only 5 wt% CNPs increased the s and T by a factor of about 47 and 2, respectively, compared to the pristine polymer. The effect of solar irradiation control of the nanocomposite on solar energy conversion was studied. The solar irradiation control coatings increased the power generation of solar thermoelectric cells by more than 380% compared to that of a control power cell without solar irradiation control coatings.
Inverse Heat Conduction and Heat Exchangers [Working Title], 2020
An equation of state (EOS) is a thermodynamic expression that relates pressure (P), temperature (... more An equation of state (EOS) is a thermodynamic expression that relates pressure (P), temperature (T), and volume (V). This equation is used to describe the state of reservoir fluids at given conditions. The cubic equations of state (CEOS) such as Van der Waals, Redlich-Kwong, Soave, and Peng-Robinson are simple models that have been widely used in the oil industry. This chapter expressed literature for EOS that varies from simple expressions to multiple constant and convoluted types of equations. Many attempts have been made to describe the thermodynamic behavior of fluids to predict their physical properties at given conditions. So, several forms of the equation of state have been presented to the oil industry in order to calculate reservoir fluid properties. The heat exchanger is important in wildly fields as in aerospace, petrochemical industry, refrigeration, and other fields. The optimization design of the heat exchanger is a great significance to industry process to reduce production cost, realize energy conservation, and reduce energy consumption.
K NOWING the bubble point pressure of the oil reservoirs is a key factor for the petroleum engine... more K NOWING the bubble point pressure of the oil reservoirs is a key factor for the petroleum engineers in order to optimize the development of the oil field starting from the discovery phase until the abandonment. Thus any considerable error in estimating the bubble point pressure will lead to errors in the production and reservoirs engineering calculations. More than six hundred Egyptian oil samples of PVT analysis were used to improve the Wilson equation (K-Values) for estimating bubble point pressure. None of the published bubble point pressure correlations is particularly accurate when applied to Egyptian crude oils. Experimental work was conducted in the PVT-Services Center of the Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute (EPRI). In this work, the K-values correlation proposed by Wilson equation was modified by adding new terms such as API, GOR, and heptanes plus-fraction (C 7 +) of compositional analysis of the reservoir fluid. Multiple non-linear regression analysis is used to calculate the new equation constant after adding the new terms. The statistical error analysis shows that the Correlation coefficient () 2 ,% r , the average percent relative error () ARE , the standard deviation () ,% S and the average absolute percent relative error () AARE of the modifying are 99.75 %, 1.77%, 8.08%, and 6.84 %, respectively. This correlation of K-factor can be applied not only to low and moderate pressure but also to higher pressures up to (4500 psi) by this modification. Evaluation among the bubble point pressure calculated from the modified Wilson equation and the literature published ones were done. Results confirm that the modified Wilson equation is more accurate one and it can be used for estimating the reservoir fluids characteristics in the absence of data measurement.
The study aims to predict the physical properties of Egyptian crude oils using modified Soave-Red... more The study aims to predict the physical properties of Egyptian crude oils using modified Soave-Redlich-Kowng equation of state. The modification was theoretically developed and then performed by using data of 43 black oil samples representing all active oil producing areas of Egypt. The equation enables to predict the bubble-point pressure, oil formation volume factor, gas-oil ratio, oil density, crude oil gravity, gas gravity and gas formation volume factor of black oils with average relative errors ranging from 0.01% to 10.713%.
The enhanced oil recovery phase of oil reservoirs production usually comes after the water/gas in... more The enhanced oil recovery phase of oil reservoirs production usually comes after the water/gas injection (secondary recovery) phase. The main objective of EOR application is to mobilize the remaining oil through enhancing the oil displacement and volumetric sweep efficiency. The oil displacement efficiency enhances by reducing the oil viscosity and/or by reducing the interfacial tension, while the volumetric sweep efficiency improves by developing a favorable mobility ratio between the displacing fluid and the remaining oil. It is important to identify remaining oil and the production mechanisms that are necessary to improve oil recovery prior to implementing an EOR phase. Chemical enhanced oil recovery is one of the major EOR methods that reduces the residual oil saturation by lowering water-oil interfacial tension (surfactant/alkaline) and increases the volumetric sweep efficiency by reducing the water-oil mobility ratio (polymer). In this chapter, the basic mechanisms of differen...
Tailoring the solar absorptivity ( s) and thermal emissivity ( T) of materials constitutes an i... more Tailoring the solar absorptivity ( s) and thermal emissivity ( T) of materials constitutes an innovative approach to solar energy control and energy conversion. Numerous ceramic and metallic materials are currently available for solar absorbance/thermal emittance control. However, conventional metal oxides and dielectric/metal/dielectric multi-coatings have limited utility due to residual shear stresses resulting from the different coefficient of thermal expansion of the layered materials. This research presents an alternate approach based on nanoparticle-filled polymers to afford mechanically durable solar-absorptive and thermally-emissive polymer nanocomposites. The s and T were measured with various nano inclusions, such as carbon nanophase particles (CNPs), at different concentrations. Research has shown that adding only 5 wt% CNPs increased the s and T by a factor of about 47 and 2, respectively, compared to the pristine polymer. The effect of solar irradiation control of the nanocomposite on solar energy conversion was studied. The solar irradiation control coatings increased the power generation of solar thermoelectric cells by more than 380% compared to that of a control power cell without solar irradiation control coatings.
Inverse Heat Conduction and Heat Exchangers [Working Title], 2020
An equation of state (EOS) is a thermodynamic expression that relates pressure (P), temperature (... more An equation of state (EOS) is a thermodynamic expression that relates pressure (P), temperature (T), and volume (V). This equation is used to describe the state of reservoir fluids at given conditions. The cubic equations of state (CEOS) such as Van der Waals, Redlich-Kwong, Soave, and Peng-Robinson are simple models that have been widely used in the oil industry. This chapter expressed literature for EOS that varies from simple expressions to multiple constant and convoluted types of equations. Many attempts have been made to describe the thermodynamic behavior of fluids to predict their physical properties at given conditions. So, several forms of the equation of state have been presented to the oil industry in order to calculate reservoir fluid properties. The heat exchanger is important in wildly fields as in aerospace, petrochemical industry, refrigeration, and other fields. The optimization design of the heat exchanger is a great significance to industry process to reduce production cost, realize energy conservation, and reduce energy consumption.
K NOWING the bubble point pressure of the oil reservoirs is a key factor for the petroleum engine... more K NOWING the bubble point pressure of the oil reservoirs is a key factor for the petroleum engineers in order to optimize the development of the oil field starting from the discovery phase until the abandonment. Thus any considerable error in estimating the bubble point pressure will lead to errors in the production and reservoirs engineering calculations. More than six hundred Egyptian oil samples of PVT analysis were used to improve the Wilson equation (K-Values) for estimating bubble point pressure. None of the published bubble point pressure correlations is particularly accurate when applied to Egyptian crude oils. Experimental work was conducted in the PVT-Services Center of the Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute (EPRI). In this work, the K-values correlation proposed by Wilson equation was modified by adding new terms such as API, GOR, and heptanes plus-fraction (C 7 +) of compositional analysis of the reservoir fluid. Multiple non-linear regression analysis is used to calculate the new equation constant after adding the new terms. The statistical error analysis shows that the Correlation coefficient () 2 ,% r , the average percent relative error () ARE , the standard deviation () ,% S and the average absolute percent relative error () AARE of the modifying are 99.75 %, 1.77%, 8.08%, and 6.84 %, respectively. This correlation of K-factor can be applied not only to low and moderate pressure but also to higher pressures up to (4500 psi) by this modification. Evaluation among the bubble point pressure calculated from the modified Wilson equation and the literature published ones were done. Results confirm that the modified Wilson equation is more accurate one and it can be used for estimating the reservoir fluids characteristics in the absence of data measurement.
The study aims to predict the physical properties of Egyptian crude oils using modified Soave-Red... more The study aims to predict the physical properties of Egyptian crude oils using modified Soave-Redlich-Kowng equation of state. The modification was theoretically developed and then performed by using data of 43 black oil samples representing all active oil producing areas of Egypt. The equation enables to predict the bubble-point pressure, oil formation volume factor, gas-oil ratio, oil density, crude oil gravity, gas gravity and gas formation volume factor of black oils with average relative errors ranging from 0.01% to 10.713%.
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