Impact of damage from the apple blotch leafminer, Phyllonorycter crataegella (Clemens), on abscis... more Impact of damage from the apple blotch leafminer, Phyllonorycter crataegella (Clemens), on abscission of ‘McIntosh’ apple leaves was studied at Hamden, Corn., during 1980 and 1981. Leaves on vegetative shoots abscised significantly earlier if mined than if unmined. Number of mines and premature drop of leaves were greater in 1981 than in 1980. Mine density and injury were greater on mined leaves that fell prematurely between July and September than on those that fell later. Week of leaf abscission was significantly negatively correlated with number of mines and with percentage of leaf surface damaged. This study provides the first experimental evidence that injury from leafminers can cause early abscission of leaves on a woody plant.
... WILLIAM M. COLI, CRAIG S. HOLLINGSWORTH, AND CHRIS T. MAIERl ... Enamels tested were dark blu... more ... WILLIAM M. COLI, CRAIG S. HOLLINGSWORTH, AND CHRIS T. MAIERl ... Enamels tested were dark blue (Kem Lustral Dark Blue F65 L4) and dark green (made by mixing 67% Kem LustralLemon Yellow F65 Y44 with 33% Kem Lustral Dark Blue F65 L4). ...
Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 1982
... CHRIS T. MAIER Department of Entomology, The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station. ...... more ... CHRIS T. MAIER Department of Entomology, The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station. ... 15 of nymphs and freshly emerged adults that were caught in traps (1 by 1 m). Emergence traps were placed within 1 m of tree trunks exceeding 25 cm in di-ameter. ...
The technique of mark, release, and recapture was employed to investigate the movement of adults ... more The technique of mark, release, and recapture was employed to investigate the movement of adults of the black vine weevil, Otiorhynchus sulcatus (F.), in a residential area in Connecticut. Weevils recaptured either 21, 35, or 57 days after release traveled mean distances of 6.8, 17.2, and 31.2 m, respectively. Most were recovered 70 m. Movement usually occurred between plants located around the same building or in the same bed. At the time of recapture, most weevils were on or under shrubs planted near the comers of buildings or near the ends of hedges. About 68% of the weevils recovered were associated with the same plant species on which they were released. Possible reasons for dispersal and thus host changes are briefly discussed. Only 5.7% of the total weevils released (n=2323) were recaptured. One factor reducing the % of recovery was predation by the pavement ant, Tetramorium caespitum (L.).
Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 1980
... (Dybas and Lloyd 1974, Forsythe 1975, Lloyd and White ... the American chestnut, Castanea den... more ... (Dybas and Lloyd 1974, Forsythe 1975, Lloyd and White ... the American chestnut, Castanea dentata (Marsh.) Borkh., is unknown because species composition changed (and diversity presumably increased) as chestnuts were replaced by other species (Korstian and Stickel 1927 ...
... causes pre-mature leaf death or abscission (Braun 1920, Hile-man & Lieto 1981). C... more ... causes pre-mature leaf death or abscission (Braun 1920, Hile-man & Lieto 1981). Comprehensive biological studies of North American heliozelids are wanting. Host records given in taxonomic works by Forbes (1923), La-fontaine (1973, 1974), and Emmet (1976) indicate ...
Suitability of feeding hosts of the two-banded Japanese weevil, Callirhopalus bifasciatus (Roelof... more Suitability of feeding hosts of the two-banded Japanese weevil, Callirhopalus bifasciatus (Roelofs), was evaluated by comparing fecundity of adults fed different foliar diets in the laboratory. Host plants, arranged in order of increasing suitability (i.e., mean fecundity of weevils), were Kalmia latifolia L., Rhododendron maximum L., Ligustrum vulgare L., Cornus florida L., and Rosa multiflora Thunb. Fecundity was negatively correlated with preoviposition period (i.e., period of ovarian development between adult emergence and initial oviposition) and leaf toughness and was positively correlated with frequency of feeding, reproductive rate, water content of fresh leaves, and N content of dry leaves. Egg laying by weevils on each foliar diet was greater during the first half than the second half of the oviposition period. Decrease in the second half corresponded closely to a reduction in foliar N. Fecundity increased significantly when adult diet was switched from K. latifolia , R. maximum , or L. vulgare to R. multiflora during consecutive 6-day periods and decreased significantly when it was changed from R. multiflora to K. latifolia or R. maximum . Measurement of the preoviposition period may be a practical technique for evaluating the suitability of adult feeding hosts.
Native and exotic rosaceous fruits were sampled to determine hosts of apple curculio, Anthonomus ... more Native and exotic rosaceous fruits were sampled to determine hosts of apple curculio, Anthonomus quadrigibbus Say, plum curculio, Conotrachelus nenuphar (Herbst), and quince curculio, C. crataegi Walsh, larvae. One or more species of these univoltine weevils infested 22 of 24 (91.7%) rosaceous species, including 13 native ones. Weevil infestations tended to be greater in exotic fruits than native fruits. The plum curculio had the broadest host range (19 species), followed by the apple curculio (9 species), and the quince curculio (6 species). Principal apple curculio hosts were native Amelanchier spp., Crataegus spp., and Prunus serotina Ehrhart. The apple curculio did not attack apple, Malus domestica Borkhausen, or most other exotic fruits in areas sampled. Ten native fruits, mainly Amelanchier spp. and Prunus spp., and nine exotic orchard fruits were infested by the plum curculio. The quince curculio developed in fruits of two native Crataegus spp. and four exotic orchard species. Selective removal of wild rosaceous reservoirs of these curculios may reduce fruit damage in commercial orchards.
Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 2004
Holcocera concolor, new species, is described from North America. The imago, wing venation, and m... more Holcocera concolor, new species, is described from North America. The imago, wing venation, and male and female genitalia are illustrated. Adults have been reared from larvae collected from several species of Pinaceae.
The invasive Asian cerambycid beetle Callidiellum rufipenne (Motschulsky), informally known as th... more The invasive Asian cerambycid beetle Callidiellum rufipenne (Motschulsky), informally known as the Japanese cedar longhorned beetle, was first detected in North America in North Carolina in 1997. The beetle has since been detected in neighboring states and is expected to further expand its range. However, delineating the current distribution of C. rufipenne has been hindered by the lack of efficient sampling methods. Here, we present the results of research on the chemistry of volatile pheromones of C. rufipenne. Analyses of headspace odors revealed that males produce (R)-3-hydroxyhexan-2-one, with lesser amounts of (S)-3-hydroxyhexan-2-one, and (R)- and (S)-2-hydroxyhexan-3-one. In field bioassays conducted over several years in Connecticut, where populations of the beetle were well established, no reconstructed blend of these compounds was significantly attractive to beetles of either sex. However, during field trials in Japan that targeted another species, we discovered that adul...
Periodical cicadas in the genus Magicicada Davis (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of brood II emerged in th... more Periodical cicadas in the genus Magicicada Davis (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of brood II emerged in the eastern United States of America in 2013. In Connecticut, only Magicicada septendecim (Linnaeus) had been recorded until this emergence when Magicicada septendecula Alexander and Moore was found on Totoket Mountain in North Branford, Connecticut, United States of America. This discovery represented the northeastern-most record of this species. In two 0.25-ha plots where M. septendecula and M. septendecim emerged and chorused, species of Carya Nuttall (Juglandaceae) comprised 59.9–63.7% of the total basal area, with Carya glabra (Miller) Sweet, accounting for 43.9–60.0%. In one plot, 31.6% of the total basal area was Fraxinus americana Linnaeus (Oleaceae). By using the proportion of exuviae of M. septendecula (hind tibial length<6.3 mm) and M. septendecim (length ⩾ 6.3 mm) near trees and the mean number of emergence holes per 0.25-m2 quadrat (1.88), it was estimated that 1487 M. sept...
Seasonality and abundance of the pear thrips, Taeniothrips inconsequens, were studied in a Connec... more Seasonality and abundance of the pear thrips, Taeniothrips inconsequens, were studied in a Connecticut apple orchard. Thrips infested trees for ≈44 d in April and May 1991, and ≈50 d between mid-April and early June 1992. Adults were on trees for 35–38 d, eggs for 24–28 d, and larvae for 25–28 d. Over 90% of second instars entered the soil during 2 wk in May. Thrips appeared earlier in 1991 than in 1992. The onset or peak of activity was not well synchronized with bud development. Survival of immatures in herbicide-treated soil was 0.5% from 1991–1992 and 2.0% from 1992–1993. It may be prudent to monitor populations in forests and adult dispersal to predict potential damage to apple.
... CHRIS T. MAIER Department of Entomology, The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New... more ... CHRIS T. MAIER Department of Entomology, The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven, Connecticut 06504 ABSTRACf Environ. ... captured each day in April and May and every 2 days in June through August 1980intrapezoidal emergence traps described by ...
Impact of damage from the apple blotch leafminer, Phyllonorycter crataegella (Clemens), on abscis... more Impact of damage from the apple blotch leafminer, Phyllonorycter crataegella (Clemens), on abscission of ‘McIntosh’ apple leaves was studied at Hamden, Corn., during 1980 and 1981. Leaves on vegetative shoots abscised significantly earlier if mined than if unmined. Number of mines and premature drop of leaves were greater in 1981 than in 1980. Mine density and injury were greater on mined leaves that fell prematurely between July and September than on those that fell later. Week of leaf abscission was significantly negatively correlated with number of mines and with percentage of leaf surface damaged. This study provides the first experimental evidence that injury from leafminers can cause early abscission of leaves on a woody plant.
... WILLIAM M. COLI, CRAIG S. HOLLINGSWORTH, AND CHRIS T. MAIERl ... Enamels tested were dark blu... more ... WILLIAM M. COLI, CRAIG S. HOLLINGSWORTH, AND CHRIS T. MAIERl ... Enamels tested were dark blue (Kem Lustral Dark Blue F65 L4) and dark green (made by mixing 67% Kem LustralLemon Yellow F65 Y44 with 33% Kem Lustral Dark Blue F65 L4). ...
Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 1982
... CHRIS T. MAIER Department of Entomology, The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station. ...... more ... CHRIS T. MAIER Department of Entomology, The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station. ... 15 of nymphs and freshly emerged adults that were caught in traps (1 by 1 m). Emergence traps were placed within 1 m of tree trunks exceeding 25 cm in di-ameter. ...
The technique of mark, release, and recapture was employed to investigate the movement of adults ... more The technique of mark, release, and recapture was employed to investigate the movement of adults of the black vine weevil, Otiorhynchus sulcatus (F.), in a residential area in Connecticut. Weevils recaptured either 21, 35, or 57 days after release traveled mean distances of 6.8, 17.2, and 31.2 m, respectively. Most were recovered 70 m. Movement usually occurred between plants located around the same building or in the same bed. At the time of recapture, most weevils were on or under shrubs planted near the comers of buildings or near the ends of hedges. About 68% of the weevils recovered were associated with the same plant species on which they were released. Possible reasons for dispersal and thus host changes are briefly discussed. Only 5.7% of the total weevils released (n=2323) were recaptured. One factor reducing the % of recovery was predation by the pavement ant, Tetramorium caespitum (L.).
Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 1980
... (Dybas and Lloyd 1974, Forsythe 1975, Lloyd and White ... the American chestnut, Castanea den... more ... (Dybas and Lloyd 1974, Forsythe 1975, Lloyd and White ... the American chestnut, Castanea dentata (Marsh.) Borkh., is unknown because species composition changed (and diversity presumably increased) as chestnuts were replaced by other species (Korstian and Stickel 1927 ...
... causes pre-mature leaf death or abscission (Braun 1920, Hile-man &amp;amp; Lieto 1981). C... more ... causes pre-mature leaf death or abscission (Braun 1920, Hile-man &amp;amp; Lieto 1981). Comprehensive biological studies of North American heliozelids are wanting. Host records given in taxonomic works by Forbes (1923), La-fontaine (1973, 1974), and Emmet (1976) indicate ...
Suitability of feeding hosts of the two-banded Japanese weevil, Callirhopalus bifasciatus (Roelof... more Suitability of feeding hosts of the two-banded Japanese weevil, Callirhopalus bifasciatus (Roelofs), was evaluated by comparing fecundity of adults fed different foliar diets in the laboratory. Host plants, arranged in order of increasing suitability (i.e., mean fecundity of weevils), were Kalmia latifolia L., Rhododendron maximum L., Ligustrum vulgare L., Cornus florida L., and Rosa multiflora Thunb. Fecundity was negatively correlated with preoviposition period (i.e., period of ovarian development between adult emergence and initial oviposition) and leaf toughness and was positively correlated with frequency of feeding, reproductive rate, water content of fresh leaves, and N content of dry leaves. Egg laying by weevils on each foliar diet was greater during the first half than the second half of the oviposition period. Decrease in the second half corresponded closely to a reduction in foliar N. Fecundity increased significantly when adult diet was switched from K. latifolia , R. maximum , or L. vulgare to R. multiflora during consecutive 6-day periods and decreased significantly when it was changed from R. multiflora to K. latifolia or R. maximum . Measurement of the preoviposition period may be a practical technique for evaluating the suitability of adult feeding hosts.
Native and exotic rosaceous fruits were sampled to determine hosts of apple curculio, Anthonomus ... more Native and exotic rosaceous fruits were sampled to determine hosts of apple curculio, Anthonomus quadrigibbus Say, plum curculio, Conotrachelus nenuphar (Herbst), and quince curculio, C. crataegi Walsh, larvae. One or more species of these univoltine weevils infested 22 of 24 (91.7%) rosaceous species, including 13 native ones. Weevil infestations tended to be greater in exotic fruits than native fruits. The plum curculio had the broadest host range (19 species), followed by the apple curculio (9 species), and the quince curculio (6 species). Principal apple curculio hosts were native Amelanchier spp., Crataegus spp., and Prunus serotina Ehrhart. The apple curculio did not attack apple, Malus domestica Borkhausen, or most other exotic fruits in areas sampled. Ten native fruits, mainly Amelanchier spp. and Prunus spp., and nine exotic orchard fruits were infested by the plum curculio. The quince curculio developed in fruits of two native Crataegus spp. and four exotic orchard species. Selective removal of wild rosaceous reservoirs of these curculios may reduce fruit damage in commercial orchards.
Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 2004
Holcocera concolor, new species, is described from North America. The imago, wing venation, and m... more Holcocera concolor, new species, is described from North America. The imago, wing venation, and male and female genitalia are illustrated. Adults have been reared from larvae collected from several species of Pinaceae.
The invasive Asian cerambycid beetle Callidiellum rufipenne (Motschulsky), informally known as th... more The invasive Asian cerambycid beetle Callidiellum rufipenne (Motschulsky), informally known as the Japanese cedar longhorned beetle, was first detected in North America in North Carolina in 1997. The beetle has since been detected in neighboring states and is expected to further expand its range. However, delineating the current distribution of C. rufipenne has been hindered by the lack of efficient sampling methods. Here, we present the results of research on the chemistry of volatile pheromones of C. rufipenne. Analyses of headspace odors revealed that males produce (R)-3-hydroxyhexan-2-one, with lesser amounts of (S)-3-hydroxyhexan-2-one, and (R)- and (S)-2-hydroxyhexan-3-one. In field bioassays conducted over several years in Connecticut, where populations of the beetle were well established, no reconstructed blend of these compounds was significantly attractive to beetles of either sex. However, during field trials in Japan that targeted another species, we discovered that adul...
Periodical cicadas in the genus Magicicada Davis (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of brood II emerged in th... more Periodical cicadas in the genus Magicicada Davis (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of brood II emerged in the eastern United States of America in 2013. In Connecticut, only Magicicada septendecim (Linnaeus) had been recorded until this emergence when Magicicada septendecula Alexander and Moore was found on Totoket Mountain in North Branford, Connecticut, United States of America. This discovery represented the northeastern-most record of this species. In two 0.25-ha plots where M. septendecula and M. septendecim emerged and chorused, species of Carya Nuttall (Juglandaceae) comprised 59.9–63.7% of the total basal area, with Carya glabra (Miller) Sweet, accounting for 43.9–60.0%. In one plot, 31.6% of the total basal area was Fraxinus americana Linnaeus (Oleaceae). By using the proportion of exuviae of M. septendecula (hind tibial length<6.3 mm) and M. septendecim (length ⩾ 6.3 mm) near trees and the mean number of emergence holes per 0.25-m2 quadrat (1.88), it was estimated that 1487 M. sept...
Seasonality and abundance of the pear thrips, Taeniothrips inconsequens, were studied in a Connec... more Seasonality and abundance of the pear thrips, Taeniothrips inconsequens, were studied in a Connecticut apple orchard. Thrips infested trees for ≈44 d in April and May 1991, and ≈50 d between mid-April and early June 1992. Adults were on trees for 35–38 d, eggs for 24–28 d, and larvae for 25–28 d. Over 90% of second instars entered the soil during 2 wk in May. Thrips appeared earlier in 1991 than in 1992. The onset or peak of activity was not well synchronized with bud development. Survival of immatures in herbicide-treated soil was 0.5% from 1991–1992 and 2.0% from 1992–1993. It may be prudent to monitor populations in forests and adult dispersal to predict potential damage to apple.
... CHRIS T. MAIER Department of Entomology, The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New... more ... CHRIS T. MAIER Department of Entomology, The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven, Connecticut 06504 ABSTRACf Environ. ... captured each day in April and May and every 2 days in June through August 1980intrapezoidal emergence traps described by ...
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