Accelerating rhizome growth is crucial to enhancing propagule production in rhubarb (Rheum rhabar... more Accelerating rhizome growth is crucial to enhancing propagule production in rhubarb (Rheum rhabarbarum L.) because the crop is propagated through rhizome divisions. This can be achieved through manipulating source-sink activity. This study tested the hypothesis that synthetic plant growth retardants Prohexadione-Ca and CCC enhance rhizome growth in rhubarb. Two different concentrations of these plant growth retardants and GA3 (positive control) were foliarly applied on the cultivar German Wine at three stages of shoot growth under greenhouse conditions. Both Prohexadione-Ca and CCC favorably enhanced rhizome growth through suppressing shoot growth. CCC at 3000 mg L−1 produced the best results and the effect was apparent when applied at 12 weeks after shoot emergence. The rhizome diameter, fresh weight, and the number of viable buds were enhanced significantly in plants sprayed with CCC 3000 mg L−1. Both Prohexadione-Ca and CCC were equally effective in enhancing dry mass and starch allocation preferentially toward the rhizome. Prohexadione-Ca- and CCC-induced rhizome growth enhancement could possibly be due to their known role as GA biosynthesis inhibitors or through increasing photosynthetic efficiency and preferentially reallocating carbohydrates to the rhizome.
Experiments were conducted to elucidate the hormonal induction and regulation of rhizome growth i... more Experiments were conducted to elucidate the hormonal induction and regulation of rhizome growth in rhubarb (Rheum rhabarbarum L.). It was found that ethylene is the key regulator of rhizome induction and development. The role of jasmonic acid (JA) and its interaction with ethylene in rhizome induction and growth were also examined. Both ethylene and JA have a significant effect on promoting rhizome formation in vitro. Conversely, the ethylene biosynthesis inhibitor aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG) (1.5 μM) inhibited rhizome induction in multiple-shoot clumps in vitro, and suppressed the stimulatory effects of exogenously applied ethephon (1 mg l−1) and JA (10 ng l−1) in promoting mini-rhizome formation, further confirming the role of endogenous ethylene in the process. In addition, rhizome growth was significantly enhanced in the presence of both ethylene and JA (ethephon 1 mg l−1 and JA 10 ng l−1) compared to JA alone. These results suggest that endogenous ethylene is the key regulator of rhizome growth in rhubarb and JA promotes rhizome formation, possibly through inducing endogenous ethylene synthesis.
Please cite this article in press as: Li, H., et al., Strawberry plant fruiting efficiency and it... more Please cite this article in press as: Li, H., et al., Strawberry plant fruiting efficiency and its correlation with solar irradiance, temperature and reflectance water index variation.
A survey of genotypic responses to beneficial bacterium (Pseudomonas sp. strain PsJN) was conduct... more A survey of genotypic responses to beneficial bacterium (Pseudomonas sp. strain PsJN) was conducted in vitro and ex vitro, under two temperature conditions, using eighteen clones of potato of different heat stress tolerance: temperate adapted cultivars Kennebec and Russet Burbank; heat tolerant DTO-2, DTO-28, DTO-33, LT-1, LT-2, LT-5, LT-6, LT-7, LT-8, LT-9, Y84-02, NDD277-2, D~sir~e, and Maine-47; and heat sensitive abscissic acid (ABA)-deficient mutants 11401-01 and 9120-05. Nodal explants taken from 6week-old bacterized and non-bacterized control plantlets were cultured in vitro on a hormone-free potato nodal cutting medium, and placed at either 20/15 C or 33/25 C day/night temperature, 12h photoperiod and 250 pE m -2 s-1 mixture of fluorescent and incandescent light, for six weeks. The tuberization response was studied ex vitro after two weeks acclimation of 2-week old plantlets at 33/25C. The acclimated plantlets were transplanted to 3L plastic nursery pots containing peat-based Pro-Mix growing medium and placed in growth chambers at either 20/15 or 33/25 C day/night temperature, 12 h photoperiod, 475 IrE m 2 s ~ light and =80% RH, for 12 weeks. Compared to the non-bacterized controls, bacterization significantly increased stem length of 12, shoot biomass of 9, and root biomass of 2 clones at 20/15C; and stem length of 14, shoot biomass of 15, and root biomass of 13 clones at 33/25C. High temperature increased length of internodes and had either no effect or slightly decreased node number. Temperature increase had the most dramatic effect on root development. An average shoot to root ratio decreased from 3.7 at 20/15 C to 1.7 Accepted for publication February 9, 1998. ADDITIONAL KEY WORDS: Beneficial bacterium, heat tolerance, Solanum ~berosum, in vitro, ex vitro. at 33/25 C for non-bacterized plantlets and, respectively, from 4.3 to 1.5 for bacterized. The beneficial effect of bacterization on root biomass was the most pronounced in LT-1 and Maine-47 at 20/15 C and LT-8, Maine 47, DTO-2, Kennebec, NDD277-2 and 11401-01 at 33/25C. The temperature elevation did not significantly affect root biomass of LT-6, DTO-28 and Ddsir~e. Temperature stress caused severe reduction in tuber number and tuber fresh weight. ABA-deficient mutants did not produce any tubers and LT-8, LT-9, Y84-027 and DTO-28 tuberized very poorly at 33/25C. DTO-33, D~sir~e, LT-1 and Kennebec gave the highest number of tubers per pot and Kennebec, LT-1, D~sir~e and LT-7 the highest yields at this temperature. There was no significant effect of bacterization on tuberization at 20/15 C but at 33/25 C bacterization significantly enhanced tuber number and weight in LT-7 and reduced tuber weight in DTO-2. Although there was no clear link between the in vitro response of particular clones to bacterization and their heat stress tolerance, improvement of ex vitro performance of heat tolerant LT-7 indicates that rhizosphere bacteria may play a role in clonal adaptation of potato to heat stress.
Ethylene effectively inhibits sprouting of potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.) during storage, but it... more Ethylene effectively inhibits sprouting of potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.) during storage, but it often darkens fry color. The objective of the work described here was to determine if altering the concentration of ethylene applied would reduce the darkening while retaining adequate sprout inhibition. Trials were conducted over three consecutive years (
Accelerating rhizome growth is crucial to enhancing propagule production in rhubarb (Rheum rhabar... more Accelerating rhizome growth is crucial to enhancing propagule production in rhubarb (Rheum rhabarbarum L.) because the crop is propagated through rhizome divisions. This can be achieved through manipulating source-sink activity. This study tested the hypothesis that synthetic plant growth retardants Prohexadione-Ca and CCC enhance rhizome growth in rhubarb. Two different concentrations of these plant growth retardants and GA3 (positive control) were foliarly applied on the cultivar German Wine at three stages of shoot growth under greenhouse conditions. Both Prohexadione-Ca and CCC favorably enhanced rhizome growth through suppressing shoot growth. CCC at 3000 mg L−1 produced the best results and the effect was apparent when applied at 12 weeks after shoot emergence. The rhizome diameter, fresh weight, and the number of viable buds were enhanced significantly in plants sprayed with CCC 3000 mg L−1. Both Prohexadione-Ca and CCC were equally effective in enhancing dry mass and starch allocation preferentially toward the rhizome. Prohexadione-Ca- and CCC-induced rhizome growth enhancement could possibly be due to their known role as GA biosynthesis inhibitors or through increasing photosynthetic efficiency and preferentially reallocating carbohydrates to the rhizome.
Experiments were conducted to elucidate the hormonal induction and regulation of rhizome growth i... more Experiments were conducted to elucidate the hormonal induction and regulation of rhizome growth in rhubarb (Rheum rhabarbarum L.). It was found that ethylene is the key regulator of rhizome induction and development. The role of jasmonic acid (JA) and its interaction with ethylene in rhizome induction and growth were also examined. Both ethylene and JA have a significant effect on promoting rhizome formation in vitro. Conversely, the ethylene biosynthesis inhibitor aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG) (1.5 μM) inhibited rhizome induction in multiple-shoot clumps in vitro, and suppressed the stimulatory effects of exogenously applied ethephon (1 mg l−1) and JA (10 ng l−1) in promoting mini-rhizome formation, further confirming the role of endogenous ethylene in the process. In addition, rhizome growth was significantly enhanced in the presence of both ethylene and JA (ethephon 1 mg l−1 and JA 10 ng l−1) compared to JA alone. These results suggest that endogenous ethylene is the key regulator of rhizome growth in rhubarb and JA promotes rhizome formation, possibly through inducing endogenous ethylene synthesis.
Please cite this article in press as: Li, H., et al., Strawberry plant fruiting efficiency and it... more Please cite this article in press as: Li, H., et al., Strawberry plant fruiting efficiency and its correlation with solar irradiance, temperature and reflectance water index variation.
A survey of genotypic responses to beneficial bacterium (Pseudomonas sp. strain PsJN) was conduct... more A survey of genotypic responses to beneficial bacterium (Pseudomonas sp. strain PsJN) was conducted in vitro and ex vitro, under two temperature conditions, using eighteen clones of potato of different heat stress tolerance: temperate adapted cultivars Kennebec and Russet Burbank; heat tolerant DTO-2, DTO-28, DTO-33, LT-1, LT-2, LT-5, LT-6, LT-7, LT-8, LT-9, Y84-02, NDD277-2, D~sir~e, and Maine-47; and heat sensitive abscissic acid (ABA)-deficient mutants 11401-01 and 9120-05. Nodal explants taken from 6week-old bacterized and non-bacterized control plantlets were cultured in vitro on a hormone-free potato nodal cutting medium, and placed at either 20/15 C or 33/25 C day/night temperature, 12h photoperiod and 250 pE m -2 s-1 mixture of fluorescent and incandescent light, for six weeks. The tuberization response was studied ex vitro after two weeks acclimation of 2-week old plantlets at 33/25C. The acclimated plantlets were transplanted to 3L plastic nursery pots containing peat-based Pro-Mix growing medium and placed in growth chambers at either 20/15 or 33/25 C day/night temperature, 12 h photoperiod, 475 IrE m 2 s ~ light and =80% RH, for 12 weeks. Compared to the non-bacterized controls, bacterization significantly increased stem length of 12, shoot biomass of 9, and root biomass of 2 clones at 20/15C; and stem length of 14, shoot biomass of 15, and root biomass of 13 clones at 33/25C. High temperature increased length of internodes and had either no effect or slightly decreased node number. Temperature increase had the most dramatic effect on root development. An average shoot to root ratio decreased from 3.7 at 20/15 C to 1.7 Accepted for publication February 9, 1998. ADDITIONAL KEY WORDS: Beneficial bacterium, heat tolerance, Solanum ~berosum, in vitro, ex vitro. at 33/25 C for non-bacterized plantlets and, respectively, from 4.3 to 1.5 for bacterized. The beneficial effect of bacterization on root biomass was the most pronounced in LT-1 and Maine-47 at 20/15 C and LT-8, Maine 47, DTO-2, Kennebec, NDD277-2 and 11401-01 at 33/25C. The temperature elevation did not significantly affect root biomass of LT-6, DTO-28 and Ddsir~e. Temperature stress caused severe reduction in tuber number and tuber fresh weight. ABA-deficient mutants did not produce any tubers and LT-8, LT-9, Y84-027 and DTO-28 tuberized very poorly at 33/25C. DTO-33, D~sir~e, LT-1 and Kennebec gave the highest number of tubers per pot and Kennebec, LT-1, D~sir~e and LT-7 the highest yields at this temperature. There was no significant effect of bacterization on tuberization at 20/15 C but at 33/25 C bacterization significantly enhanced tuber number and weight in LT-7 and reduced tuber weight in DTO-2. Although there was no clear link between the in vitro response of particular clones to bacterization and their heat stress tolerance, improvement of ex vitro performance of heat tolerant LT-7 indicates that rhizosphere bacteria may play a role in clonal adaptation of potato to heat stress.
Ethylene effectively inhibits sprouting of potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.) during storage, but it... more Ethylene effectively inhibits sprouting of potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.) during storage, but it often darkens fry color. The objective of the work described here was to determine if altering the concentration of ethylene applied would reduce the darkening while retaining adequate sprout inhibition. Trials were conducted over three consecutive years (
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