Papers by ADEKANMI ADEYINKA
Journal of Environmental Issues and Climate Change
This work aimed to characterize pharmaceutical waste generated in Sam Ace Pharmaceutical in Ede, ... more This work aimed to characterize pharmaceutical waste generated in Sam Ace Pharmaceutical in Ede, Osun-state, and assess wastewater treatment plant performance by bacteria (Bacillus subtilis) and the feasibility of wastewater reuse. Freshly discharged pharmaceutical wastewater was collected and analyzed for the physicochemical parameters such as Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Total Dissolved Solid (TDS), Nitrate, Phosphate, Magnesium, Calcium, Zinc, and Copper by standard methods. 190ml of the sterilized FPWWS was inoculated with pharmaceutical wastewater for two weeks and determined the physicochemical parameters at a 7-day interval. The results observed for raw, bio-treated and removal efficiency showed: BOD(200 mg-1, 90 mg-1 , 45 mg-1 and 55%, 75.5%), COD(395 mg-1, 330 mg-1, 150 mg-1 and 16.46 %, 62.03%), TDS(11200 mg-1, 250 mg-1, 130 mg-1 and 79.17%, 89.17%), Nitrate (165 mg-1, 88 mg-1, 43 mg-1 and 46.67%, 73.94%) phosphate (31 mg-1, 18 mg-1, 6 mg-1...
Journal of Environmental Impact and Management Policy
In the current examination, the nutritional composition, phytochemical content and antibacterial ... more In the current examination, the nutritional composition, phytochemical content and antibacterial activities of an extract from Senna alata leaf and stem were all evaluated. The Candle bush (Senna alata) leaf and stem were then cleaned, allowed to air dry at room temperature, and then ground. In ethanol aqueous solutions, extracts of the leaves and stems were produced. To ascertain the nutritional composition, antibacterial content, and phytochemical property, standard techniques were employed. Moisture content, crude protein, crude fat, ash content, crude fat and carbohydrate for Senna alata were measured at 16.43± 0.02, 18.89± 0.05, 9.36± 0.03, 6.17± 0.02, 16.73± 0.01, 32.42 ± 0.05 respectively for leaves extract and 4.43± 0.04, 14.22± 0.02, 5.46± 0.01, 4.17± 0.03, 14.56± 0.05, 57.16± 0.02 respectively for stem extract. Alkaloid, flavonoid, phenol, saponin, tannin, and phlobatannin were quantitatively and qualitatively identified in Senna alata's aqueous and ethanolic extracts ...
World Scientific Research, 2018
The present study aimed to production of purified L-asparaginase from Vignaunguiculata. Different... more The present study aimed to production of purified L-asparaginase from Vignaunguiculata. Different physiological parameters, such as pH, temperature and incubation period, were optimized for growth and maximum L-asparaginase production. The optimum parameters were 37°C, 30 min and pH 8.5. Maximum L-asparaginase was 886.4U/ml with a specific activity of 1140.7 U/ml (31 fold purification with 28 %yield) were obtained at optimum conditions. The purified L-asparaginase produced from Vignaunguiculata was used for characterization and general properties. The effect of pH and temperature on L-asparaginase activity as well as stability at different pH and temperature were determined. The optimum pH 8.5 and 37ºC temperature on L-asparaginase showed 100% residual activity. Stability of pH around 8.5 and temperature 70ºC showed 90 and 78 % residual activity at 30 and 60 min respectively. The Lasparaginase showed high stability at alkaline pH (pH 8.5) when incubated for up to 60h.The molecular weight of the produced L-asparaginase was close to 68.5 kDa. Cytotoxic activity of Lasparaginase was examined in vitro using four carcinoma cell lines. L-aspargenase has higher effective in growth inhibition against HEPG2 and HCT-116 but lower against HELLA and MCF7 carcinoma cell lines. The data show that L-aspargenase has a higher cytotoxic activity against HEPG2 and HCT116, revealed higher percentage of cell death, indicating antitumor properties, and demonstrate direct effect on cancer cell proliferation of HEPG2 and HCT116. Therefore, Vignaunguiculata was considered to be a suitable source for production of Lasparaginase has higher activity and good stability. Purified L-asparaginase obtained from Vignaunguiculata could be employed in drug chemotherapy and treatment of cancer.
Environmental Challenges, 2021
Heavy metals are non-biodegradable, toxic and persist for long durations in aquatic as well as te... more Heavy metals are non-biodegradable, toxic and persist for long durations in aquatic as well as terrestrial environments. They might be transported from soil to ground waters or may be taken up by plants, including agricultural crops. It is well known that high industrial and traffic activities contribute high levels of heavy metals to the environments. The Plants grown around such areas are likely to absorb these metals either from the soil through the roots or from atmospheric contaminants through the leaves. Consumption of contaminated vegetables constitutes an important route of heavy metal exposure to animals and humans. The present study is aimed at determine the heavy metal concentrations of selected vegetables in Owode markets in Ede, Osun state. Seven samples of the vegetables were purchased from Owode markets in Ede North Local Government, Osun State, Nigeria. The edible portion of the collected vegetable samples were properly separated, washed and chopped into small pieces...
International Journal of Academic Engineering Research, 2020
Due to growth of economy at 8% to 12% GDP for developing nations like India, China, Brazil and So... more Due to growth of economy at 8% to 12% GDP for developing nations like India, China, Brazil and South Africa, the demand for energy and fossil fuel is ever increasing. This led to the need of exploring alternative fuels to meet the ever growing energy demands. Interestingly, vegetable oils as an alternate diesel engine fuels dates back several decades. There is need for ideal, renewable, cleaner and environmental friendly energy source in order to reduce the havoc caused by continuous dependence on conventional energy source. The present study aimed at producing biodiesel from alm kernel seeds. The soybean seeds were sun-dried for five days and grounded into fine particles with grinding machine. The oil was extracted from grounded soybean seeds by solvent extraction methods. The extracted oil was transesterified to biodiesel using sulphuric acid as a catalyst. The biodiesel was analyzed by Gas Chromatography Mass Spectroscopic (GC-MS). Physicochemical properties of biodiesel were determined using predictive models based on fatty acid composition and American Society for Testing for Materials (ASTM) protocols. Data obtained were subjected to appropriate statistical analysis. The fatty acid content of biodiesel had 52.20% saturated, 40.70% monounsaturated and 7.1% polyunsaturated fatty acids. The physicochemical properties of the methyl ester produced were : Colour (Colorless), specific gravity (0.8700), kinematic viscosity(2.41 mm 2 /s at 40 o C), flash point (134 o C), cloud point (-9 o C), pour point (-6 o C), refractive index (1.46), heat of combustion (37MJ/kg), density (0.8700 g/cm 3), ash content (0.02%) , acid value (0.35mgKOH/g), saponification value (222 mgKOH/g), peroxide value (2.8 meq/kg), iodine value (44. 80mgI 2 /g), free fatty acid (1.15 %), cetane number (71), oxidative stability (6.91 hrs), long chain saturated factor (25.10 o C), cold-filter plugging point (67.31 o C), degree of unsaturation (66.80), high heating value (44.80 o C) and water content (0.06). Palm kernel seeds biodiesel meet acceptable global requirements for biodiesel production. Hence, Palm kernel seeds are an ideal substitute and fits in as starting materials for production of diesel fuel.
International Journal of Academic Engineering and Research, 2020
Diesel production through biological source is better alternative to conventional diesel as they ... more Diesel production through biological source is better alternative to conventional diesel as they are environmentally friendly, renewable, non toxic, sustainable, cheap, and cleaner fuel options amongst available biofuels. This study is aimed at trans-esterified Palm oil to Fatty Acid Methyl Ester and characterization of the diesel produced. Trans esterification of palm oil to biodiesel was performed using Sulphuric acid as a catalyst. The biodiesel was analyzed by Gas Chromatography Mass Spectroscopic (GC-MS). Physicochemical properties of biodiesel were determined using predictive models based on fatty acid composition and American Society for Testing for Materials (ASTM) protocols. Data obtained were subjected to appropriate statistical analysis. The fatty acid content of biodiesel had 45.80% saturated, 35.90% monounsaturated and 18300% polyunsaturated fatty acids. The physicochemical properties of the methyl ester produced were : Colour (Colorless), specific gravity (0.861), kinematic viscosity(1.99 mm 2 /s at 40 o C), flash point (133 o C), cloud point (-5 o C), pour point (-5 o C), refractive index (1.41), heat of combustion (36.50MJ/kg), density (0.8610 g/cm 3), ash content (0.01%) , acid value (0.38mgKOH/g), saponification value (221 mgKOH/g), peroxide value (1.9 meq/kg), iodine value (46. 81mgI 2 /g), free fatty acid (1.24 %), cetane number (73), oxidative stability (6.80 hrs), long chain saturated factor (24.2 o C), cold-filter plugging point (69.30 o C), degree of unsaturation (64.52), high heating value (41.25 o C) and water content (0.04). Palm oil biodiesel was discovered to be a good starting material for biodiesel production while results characterization conducted shows conformity with standard as required by regulatory authority
Assessment of the quality of water in fish pond is necessary in order to determine its suitabilit... more Assessment of the quality of water in fish pond is necessary in order to determine its suitability for fish production. One of the problems facing fish farming is inadequate monitoring of water used in fish pond and this has posed serious threat to survival and growth of fish. Constant monitoring of the water from fish farm through physicochemical analysis is one of the main solutions to this problem. This study is aim at examine the seasonal variation in physicochemical properties in water samples from Osagin Fish farm in Akinyele Local Government, Ibadan, Oyo State. Water samples were collected under aseptic condition at a month interval for a year period. Physicochemical properties were assessed by standard methods. The water temperature ranged from 23.67 to 30.00oC, Air temperature ranged from 24.00-33.67oC, the surface pH ranged from 6.73 to 8.80 mg/L, Dissolved oxygen 4.87-8.07 mg/L, Electrical conductivity of the surface water varied from 6.53 µS/cm to 15.23 µS/cm, Total Dissolved Solids ranges from 15.90-52.27 mg/L, Total hardness ranged between 28.3 and 64.67 mg/L, Total Alkalinity varied from 29.67 to 49.67 mg/L, Phosphate ranged from 0.16 to 1.95 mg/L, Chloride ranges between 8.50 to 10.72 mg/L, Nitrate varies from 1.24 to 3.97 mg/L, Calcium ranged from 18.67 to 84.67 mg/L, Sodium ranges between 22.94 to 26.92 mg/L, Magnesium varied from 1.08 to 1.38 mg/L, Potassium ranges between 1.01 to 1.09 mg/L and Iron varied between 0.29 and 0.59 mg/L. The findings of seasonal variation in physicochemical parameters of water samples showed the results were mostly within the required regulatory requirements standards limits. The analysis showed that the water sampled in the fish ponds is suitable for fish and other aquaculture production.
Success of the farming activities is based on soil meant for crops cultivation and the fertility ... more Success of the farming activities is based on soil meant for crops cultivation and the fertility of the soil where farmers are growing their crops. Soil fertility refers to the inherent capacity of a soil to supply essential nutrients to sustain at a high level to produce adequate food to feed its burgeoning population. Proper management of soil fertility required careful identification of problems of current nutrient deficiencies and adequate monitoring of changes in soil fertility to predict its deficiency. Despite huge roles attributed proper and constant management of soil fertility, proper consideration and adequate attention were not given to it by farmers and there is lack or no awareness from government to sensitization. As part of effort to correct this menace, this study focus on determination of physical, chemical and heavy metals properties of soil sample in department of science laboratory technology farm, Osun State College of Technology, Esa Oke. Soil sample was collected from Science Laboratory Technology farm at 15 cm depth with the aid of soil auger. Samples were prepared and analyzed for physical and chemical properties. Micronutrients, macronutrients and selected heavy metals were analyzed by standard methods. Data generated from laboratory analysis were subjected to statistical analysis. Results obtained showed that irrespective of the land use, soil of the study area was neutral with high sand fraction (> 70%) resulting to poor physical condition such as poor moisture retention and total porosity. The properties showed Soil texture (Loamy sand) , Soil pH (7.4±0.02), Electrical Conductivity (0.45±0.03), Organic carbon (0.70±0.02), Organic matter (27.87±0.09), Total porosity (63.8±0.40%), Bulk density (1.14±0.03g/cm 3), Cation Exchange Capacity (12.51±0.15 Cmol/kg), Available nitrogen (208.45±0.03mg/kg), Phosphorous (22.47±0.11mg/kg), Potassium (650.41±0.30 mg/kg), Sulphur (15.05±0.03), Zinc (0.85±0.03), Iron (8.47±0.05 mg/kg), Manganese (3.69±0.04 mg/kg), Copper (6.89±0.04 mg/kg), Cadmium (0.22±0.02), Chromium(20.45±0.03), Manganese (65.37±0.06), Lead (15.58±0.07) and Zinc(125.21±0.03). There is urgent need to adopt strategic management measures and agronomic guidelines to improve the quality and level of fertility.
Most of the traditional knowledge of medicinal plants is in the form of oral knowledge and the ac... more Most of the traditional knowledge of medicinal plants is in the form of oral knowledge and the active ingredients of herbal remedies are unknown to the traditional healers. Herbal remedies generally lack standardization. This constitutes hindrance to acceptability by the general public and the integration into the official national health care system of many countries. The correct identification of herbal material and the active ingredients is essential to quality control, safety and efficacy, acceptability by the general public and possible integration into the national health care system. The phytochemical studies of Moringa leaves would provide information on of the therapeutic potentials of these medicinal plants, quality parameters and data about these plants. The present study is to determine the qualitative and quantitative phytochemicals constituent of Moringa leaf. Evaluation of Moringa leaf for qualitative and quantitative phytochemicals properties were conducted using standard methods. The results of the phytochemical screening revealed the presence of Tannins, Phlobatannins, Saponins, Flavonoids, Steroids, Terpenoids, Cardiac glycosides, Anthraquinones and Alkaloids. Quantitatively water leaf contained (%) Alkaloids (10.73), Saponins (18.46), Total flavonoids (8.53) and Tannins (11.43) while the estimated quantity of aqueous and ethanolic extracts are 19.28 and 14.33%. The presence of phytochemical in the Moringa suggests possible preventive and curative property of the Moringa leaf. Medically, the presence of these phytochemicals explains the use of the plant in ethno-medicine for the management of various ailments.
The use of natural remediation methods to remove contaminants from waste water is becoming more p... more The use of natural remediation methods to remove contaminants from waste water is becoming more popular. One of the aims of waste water treatment is to reduce nutrient such as nitrate and phosphate level in effluent to a protective level of the receiving water body. Microalgae especially green algae have been used for several decades for biotreatment of fish pond waste water, yet the there is limited or no report on use of Coelastrum morum CoC for bio-treatment of wastes water from fish pond. This study is aim at treatment of used/wastes water discharged from fish pond at Agric, Oke Osun area, Osogbo and assessing wastewater treatment plants performance by Coelastrum morum CoC. Freshly discharge fish pond waste water sample (FPWWS) was collected from Agric Oke osun in Osogbo, Osun State, Nigeria and analyzed for the physicochemical parameters such as pH, Total Dissolved Solid (TDS), Electrical conductivity, dissolved oxygen, total Alkalinity, Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), ammonia, phosphate and Nitrate by standard methods. 190ml of the sterilized FPWWS was inoculated with 10ml of Coelastrum morum. The inoculated sample was incubated under 2ft cold fluorescence light for two weeks and determines the physicochemical parameters at 7 days interval. The results observed for raw, biological treated and removal efficiency showed: pH (7.66 and 8.85), TDS (283.33 and 95.33mg/l with 66.35%), Electrical conductivity (449.33 and 195.00µS cm-1), Dissolved oxygen(3.57 and 1.13 mg/l with 68.35%), Total Hardness (64.17 and 33.29 mg/l with 48.12%), BOD (274 and 55.36mg/l with 79.80%), COD (420 and 72mg/l with 82.86%), ammonia (31.4 and 4.41 mg/l with 85.96%, phosphate (10.27 and 2.04 with 80.14%) and nitrate (27.11 and 6.57 mg/l with 75.77%). Biological treatment with Coelastrum morum CoC S a potential removal of pollutant and other wastes from the fish pond waste water.
Chitosan is produced from chitin by a chemical process involving demineralization (DM), deprotein... more Chitosan is produced from chitin by a chemical process involving demineralization (DM), deproteinization (DP), decolorization (DC), and deacetylation (DA). Commercially, chitosan is produced via the chemical deacetylation of crustacean chitin under treatment with strong alkali. The functions and roles of chitosan in industrial setting is enormous, therefore there is needs to further research on chitosan in order to maximize chitosan production. Little work has been done to evaluate the effects of modifying or excluding any of the production processing steps on chitosan characteristics. The present study was undertaken to examine the effects of process alteration on quantification, extraction and characterization of chitosan produced from cray fish. Cray fish were collected from Ilesha, Osun state and sundry for 24hrs before grinding with blender. 12g of powdered form of Cray fish shells was used for chitin extraction and chitosan production. Chitosan was produced by prepared by changing of the order of the four sequential preparation processes (DCMPA, DMCPA, DMPCA, DMPAC, and DPMCA,). DPMCA denotes sequential steps of deproteinization + demineralization + decolorization + deacetylation. DPMCA was taken as the traditional processing method (control sample). Physicochemical and functional properties such as Nitrogen content, ash content, moisture content, viscosity, solubility, degree of deacetylation, emulsion capacity, bulk density, water binding capacity and fat binding capacity. The results showed that 7.24 and 3.55g of chitin and chitosan were produced with 60.33 and 49.03% by DCMPA methods. Physicochemical and functional properties recorded were: Nitrogen content (1.25%), ash content (0.12%), moisture content (4.46%), viscosity (720cP), solubility (88.55%), degree of deacetylation (23.73%), emulsion capacity (9.33%), bulk density (0.87g/ml), water binding capacity (716.33%) and fat binding capacity (455.35%). Decolorization, demineralization, deproteinization and deacetylation (DCMPA) produced the best chitosan in terms of quantities and properties with respect to physicochemical and functional.
Unavailability of good quality drinking water is wide spread and this has serious health implicat... more Unavailability of good quality drinking water is wide spread and this has serious health implications. In developing nations of the world, 80% of all diseases and over 30% of deaths are related to drinking water. According to Federal Ministry of Health statistics, only about 30% of Nigerians have access to portable water while the United Nations estimated that about 1.2 billion people all over the world lack access to portable water. The current study is on determination of physicochemical and microbiological characteristics of selected boreholes from University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State. Water samples were collected from five Boreholes from University of Ibadan, Fish farm, Ibadan, Oyo state. Temperature and pH were determined in-situ while the other parameters were determined out-situ. All properties (physicochemical and microbiological) were examined according to standard methods. The result of physicochemical parameters for the boreholes (Key: T= Tafawa Balewa Hall, D= Department of Microbiology, N= Nnamdi Azikwe Hall, S= Sultan Bello Hall and A= Abdulsalam Abuakar postgraduate Hall) water samples are as follows: Temperature (Ambient), pH (6.5, 6.6, 7.1, 6.8 and 7.0), Total Dissolved Solids (150, 250, 180, 200 and 100 mg/L), Turbidity (1, 3,2,4 and 3 NTU), Conductivity (105, 135, 222, 330 and 133μS/cm), Chloride (0.7, 2, 0.5, 3 and 2 mg/L), Fluoride (0, 0, 0, 0 and 0 mg/L), Iron (0.01, 0.02, 0, 0.01 and 0.04 mg/L), Nitrate (0, 0, 0, 0 and 0 mg/L), Nitrite (0, 0, 0, 0 and 0 mg/ L), Magnesium (0.04, 0.008, 0.01, 0.07 and 0.03 mg/L), Calcium (1.85, 2.30, 2.00, 3.56 and 1.22 mg/L) Total Hardness (33, 44, 48, 35, AND 52 mg/L), Total Alkalinity (45, 38, 50, 68 and 54 mg/L), Potassium (0, 0, 0, 0 and 0 mg/L) and Sodium (38, 22, 28, 30 and 34 mg/L). Microbiological analysis recorded 77, 50, 65, 73 and 69 cfu/ml for total plate count while 0 cfu/ml was obtained for Coliform, E coli, Fungi and Salmonella shigella counts. Physicochemical and microbiological properties of boreholes examined conform satisfactorily to WHO stipulated standards for drinking water. Therefore, water from the boreholes is clean and fits for human consumption.
Despite array of benefits link to consumption of fresh fruits in human growth and development, th... more Despite array of benefits link to consumption of fresh fruits in human growth and development, the major problem is that most of them are reservoir for heavy metals which their excessive are dangerous and deleterious to function of human and animal system. Therefore, there is need for frequent assessment of level of heavy metal in our fruits to ascertain the level of conformation with the standard intake in human body. The current study is aimed at examine the level of heavy metal in fruits sold at Sekona Market in Ede South Local Government Area Ede, Osun state. Seven samples of the fruits were obtained from Sekona market. The edible portion of the purchased fruit samples were properly separated washed and chopped into small pieces using a knife. The fruits were air-dried and then dried in an oven at 80 °C. Dried samples of the fruits were ground into a fine powder (80 mesh) using a commercial blender. Heavy metals in fruit samples were extracted by acid digestion and analyzed for Lead, Chromium, Cadmium, Nickel, Zinc, Copper and Cobalt using a flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The results obtained showed that
There is increase demand for sachet water as a result of non-availability of reliable safe drinki... more There is increase demand for sachet water as a result of non-availability of reliable safe drinking water and this has left the impression that most sachet water offers a healthy, safer and water with better and good quality. Despite general acceptability of packaged sachet water, previous work showed that there is a challenge associated with its quality as a result of isolation of some microbes and non-compliance with expected parameters. The current work is focus on physicochemical and microbiological analysis of selected sachet water vended in Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria. Five samples of sachet (A= Primus table water; B= Bofa table water; C= Zion table water, D=Aktols table water and E=Edna table water) water obtained from five different areas were analyzed for physicochemical and microbiological parameters using standard analytical methods of Association of official Analytical chemists (AOAC). The result of microbial analysis revealed that all the water samples referred to as samples A, B, C, D and E respectively had total plate count of 7.0cfu/ml, 4.0cfu/ml, 1.0cfu/ml, 15.0cfu/ml, and 3.0cfu/ml respectively. This showed that sample A, B, C, D, and E did not exceed the standard of total plate counts. The entire samples resulted at 0 counts for Escherichia coli. Samples A, B, C, D and E tested negative for Coliform test, Fungi test and Salmonella shigella test. The chemical analysis showed that all the samples meet up with the recommended standard of pH (6.5-8.5) by World Health Organization (WHO), United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund (UNICEF) Standard ganization of Nigeria (SON) and National Agency for Drug and Administration Control (NAFDAC). The temperatures were not significantly different and did not exceed standard limit of 37 0 C. The total dissolved solid also did not exceed the limit of 500ppm as recommended by World Health Organization /United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund (WHO/UNICEF) and the conductivity limit was not exceeded. All the samples did not exceed limits for zinc, chloride, iron, nitrate, nitrite and flouride which are 0.3mg/l, 250mg/l, 0.3mg/l, 50mg/l, 0.3mg/l and 15 mg/l respectively. All the samples were significantly different for each parameter except for lead, copper, free chlorine and manganese of which the entire sample were all the same.
Microorganisms involved during thermal processing have dual roles in industrial setting; most ind... more Microorganisms involved during thermal processing have dual roles in industrial setting; most industrialist and food experts give attention to havoc associated with microbes without assessing and investigating beneficial metabolites linked to them. Most of heat resistance microorganisms are thermophiles and their ability to survive certain heat treatment defined their applications in industrial development. The objective of this study was to determine the thermal resistance characteristics of Bacillus species obtained from Tsire-suya. The heat resistance for the three Bacillus species was determined by heating the tubes containing nutrient broth and the culture of the isolates with combination of time and heating temperature at 40, 45, 50,55, and 60 o C during 5, 10, 15 and 20 minutes in a water bath. A total number of ten isolates were obtained from Tsire-suya samples. The isolates were screened for heat resistance activity, 3 out of the 10 isolates survived heat treatment. Bacillus sterothemophilus F 2 n, Bacillus licheniformis F 1 t and Bacillus subtilis W 4 m were selected and considered for further study. The result showed that Bacillus stearothermophlius (F 2 n) had D-value of 14.58, 12.44, 15.20, 14.62, and 12.27 minutes at 40,45,50,55, and 60 o C respectively while D-values of 15.38, 7.99, 10.59, 6.68, and 7.12 minutes for Bacillus subtilis (w 4 m) at 40 45, 50, 55, and 60 o c whereas Bacillus licheniformis (F 1 t) had D-values of 16.03, 19.53, 20.93 9.17 and 8.71 minutes at 40, 45, 50, 55 and 60 o C respectively. Z-values were 1000, 65.79, and 58.82 o C, respectively, for Bacillus stearothermophilus F 2 n), Bacillus subtilis W 4 m), and Bacillus licheniformis F 1 t. This study demonstrated that thermally resistant bacteria isolated from Tsire-suya exhibit high heat resistance for a wide range of temperature.
Microorganisms involved during thermal processing have dual roles in industrial setting; most ind... more Microorganisms involved during thermal processing have dual roles in industrial setting; most industrialist and food experts give attention to havoc associated with microbes without assessing and investigating beneficial metabolites linked to them. Most of heat resistance microorganisms are thermophiles and their ability to survive certain heat treatment defined their applications in industrial development. The objective of this study was to determine the thermal resistance characteristics of Bacillus species obtained from Tsire-suya. The heat resistance for the three Bacillus species was determined by heating the tubes containing nutrient broth and the culture of the isolates with combination of time and heating temperature at 40, 45, 50,55, and 60 o C during 5, 10, 15 and 20 minutes in a water bath. A total number of ten isolates were obtained from Tsire-suya samples. The isolates were screened for heat resistance activity, 3 out of the 10 isolates survived heat treatment. Bacillus sterothemophilus F 2 n, Bacillus licheniformis F 1 t and Bacillus subtilis W 4 m were selected and considered for further study. The result showed that Bacillus stearothermophlius (F 2 n) had D-value of 14.58, 12.44, 15.20, 14.62, and 12.27 minutes at 40,45,50,55, and 60 o C respectively while D-values of 15.38, 7.99, 10.59, 6.68, and 7.12 minutes for Bacillus subtilis (w 4 m) at 40 45, 50, 55, and 60 o c whereas Bacillus licheniformis (F 1 t) had D-values of 16.03, 19.53, 20.93 9.17 and 8.71 minutes at 40, 45, 50, 55 and 60 o C respectively. Z-values were 1000, 65.79, and 58.82 o C, respectively, for Bacillus stearothermophilus F 2 n), Bacillus subtilis W 4 m), and Bacillus licheniformis F 1 t. This study demonstrated that thermally resistant bacteria isolated from Tsire-suya exhibit high heat resistance for a wide range of temperature.
In order to control carbon dioxide emissions from transportation system, introduction of biofuels... more In order to control carbon dioxide emissions from transportation system, introduction of biofuels has been proposed and used for both gasoline and diesel (methyl ester from vegetable oils). This research aimed at producing biodiesel from oil extracted from Soybean seeds. The soybean seeds were sun-dried for two days and grind into fine particles with grinding machine. The oil was extracted from grinded soybean seeds by solvent extraction methods. The extracted oil was transesterified to biodiesel using Sulphuric acid as a catalyst. The biodiesel was analyzed by Gas Chromatography Mass Spectroscopic (GC-MS). Physicochemical properties of biodiesel were determined using predictive models based on fatty acid composition and American Society for Testing for Materials (ASTM) protocols. Data obtained were subjected to appropriate statistical analysis. The biodiesel extracted from the soy bean oil had seven fatty acids, namely Palmitic acid: 30.80%, Palmitoleic acid: 6.40%, Stearic acid: 17.60%, Oleic acid: 22.50%, Linoleic acid: 15.30%, Arachidic acid: 4.4% and Behenic acid: 3.0% .The highest carbon carbon chain C 16-C 18 of 92.6% was recorded in Soy bean seed diesel while percentage composition of saturated, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids in the biodiesel extracted from lipids are 55.80%, 28.90% and 15.30%. The results of physicochemical parameters are Specific gravity: 0.8720; kinematic viscosity: 2.31; flash point: 135; cloud point:-6; pour point:-4; volatile matter: 99.10; refractive index: 1.42; heat of combustion: 36.88; density: 0.8720; Ash content:0.02; Acid value: 0.35; saponification value: 225; Peroxide: 2.9; iodine values:45.33; free fatty acids:1.19; cetane number:72; Oxidative stability :6.85; long chain saturated factor: 26.55 Cold filter plugging point:68.99; degree of unsaturation :65.31; higher heating :43.22 water content: 0.02. Soybean is a promising candidate and alternative source for the production of diesel fuel. The produced biodiesel conform with the acceptable global standard
Environmental pollution, health problems, non-renewability, depletion in supply and hike in price... more Environmental pollution, health problems, non-renewability, depletion in supply and hike in price are array of problems linked to continuous reliance on petroleum fossil diesel as energy sources. In order to improve on quality of diesel produced, focus should be shifted to starting material from biological sources. Energy generation from biodiesel is renewable, less toxic, low emission and environmental friendly. This work is aimed at transesterified oil extracted from groundnut seeds into biodiesel. The groundnut seeds were sun-dried for two days and grind into fine particles with grinding machine. The oil was extracted from groundnut seeds by solvent extraction methods. The extracted oil was transesterified to biodiesel using Sulphuric acid as a catalyst. The biodiesel was analyzed by Gas Chromatography Mass Spectroscopic (GC-MS). Physicochemical properties of biodiesel were determined using predictive models based on fatty acid composition and American Society for Testing for Materials (ASTM) protocols. Data obtained were subjected to appropriate statistical analysis. The biodiesel extracted from the groundnut seeds oil had ten fatty acids, namely Palmitic acid: 31.60%, Palmitoleic acid: 5.10%, Stearic acid: 19.30%, Oleic acid: 24.50%, Linoleic acid: 6.90%, Linolenic acid: 6.80, Arachidic acid: 1.3%, Gondoic acid: 1.4%, Behenic acid: 1.5%, Linoceric acid: 1.60%. The highest carbon carbon chain C 16-C 18 of 94.2% was recorded in groundnut seeds diesel while percentage composition of saturated, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids in the biodiesel extracted from lipids are 55.30%, 31.00% and 13.70%. The results of physicochemical parameters are Specific gravity: 0.8800; kinematic viscosity: 2.00; flash point: 136; cloud point:-7; pour point:-7; volatile matter: 99.50; refractive index: 1.45; heat of combustion: 36.978; density: 0.8800; Ash content: 0.02; Acid value: 0.3; saponification value: 225; Peroxide: 1.6; iodine values: 45.60; free fatty acids: 1.21; cetane number:75; Oxidative stability: 6.88; long chain saturated factor: 26.00 Cold filter plugging point: 68.22; degree of unsaturation : 65.5; higher heating :42.20 water content: 0.08. Groundnut seeds are ideal and promising alternative starting materials for the production of quality and environmental friendly diesel fuel. The biodiesel produced was in conformity with acceptable standard by regulatory authority.
in supply and hike in price are array of problems linked to continuous reliance on petroleum foss... more in supply and hike in price are array of problems linked to continuous reliance on petroleum fossil diesel as energy sources. In order to improve on quality of diesel produced, focus should be shifted to starting material from biological sources. Energy generation from biodiesel is renewable, less toxic, low emission and environmental friendly. This work is aimed at transesterified oil extracted from groundnut seeds into biodiesel. The groundnut seeds were sun-dried for two days and grind into fine particles with grinding machine. The oil was extracted from groundnut seeds by solvent extraction methods. The extracted oil was transesterified to biodiesel using Sulphuric acid as a catalyst. The biodiesel was analyzed by Gas Chromatography Mass Spectroscopic (GC-MS). Physicochemical properties of biodiesel were determined using predictive models based on fatty acid composition and American Society for Testing for Materials (ASTM) protocols. Data obtained were subjected to appropriate statistical analysis. The biodiesel extracted from the groundnut seeds oil had ten fatty acids, namely Palmitic acid: 31.60%, Palmitoleic acid: 5.10%, Stearic acid: 19.30%, Oleic acid: 24.50%, Linoleic acid: 6.90%, Linolenic acid: 6.80, Arachidic acid: 1.3%, Gondoic acid: 1.4%, Behenic acid: 1.5%, Linoceric acid: 1.60%. The highest carbon carbon chain C 16 -C 18 of 94.2% was recorded in groundnut seeds diesel while percentage composition of saturated, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids in the biodiesel extracted from lipids are 55.30%, 31.00% and 13.70%. The results of physicochemical parameters are Specific gravity: 0.8800; kinematic viscosity: 2.00; flash point: 136; cloud point:-7; pour point:-7; volatile matter: 99.50; refractive index: 1.45; heat of combustion: 36.978; density: 0.8800; Ash content: 0.02; Acid value: 0.3; saponification value: 225; Peroxide: 1.6; iodine values: 45.60; free fatty acids: 1.21; cetane number:75; Oxidative stability: 6.88; long chain saturated factor: 26.00 Cold filter plugging point: 68.22; degree of unsaturation : 65.5; higher heating :42.20 water content: 0.08. Groundnut seeds are ideal and promising alternative starting materials for the production of quality and environmental friendly diesel fuel. The biodiesel produced was in conformity with acceptable standard by regulatory authority.
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