PENDAHULUAN
PENDAHULUAN
PENDAHULUAN
H DENGAN GAGAL
JANTUNG KONGESTIF
i
ASUHAN KEPERAWATAN PADA Sdr. H DENGAN GAGAL
JANTUNG KONGESTIF
ii
LEMBAR PERSETUJUAN
iii
LEMBAR PENGESA
iv
v
KATA PENGANTAR
Puji syukur kehadirat Allah SWT berkat rahmat dan bimbingn Nya saya
dapat menyelesaikan KIAN-dengan judul “Asuhan Keperawatan Pada Sdr. H
Dengan Gagal Jantung Kongestif”. KIAN ini merupakan salah satu syarat untuk
memperoleh gelar Profesi Ners (Ns) pada Program Studi Profesi Ners Fakultas Ilmu
Kesehatan Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang.
Saya sebagai penulis banyak menerima bimbingan dan bantuan dari
berbagai pihak dalam menyusun Laporan ini. Bersama dengan ini perkenankanlah
penulis mengucapkan terimakasih yang sebesar-besarnya dengan tulus kepada :
1. Bapak Yoyok Bekti Prasetyo, M.Kep.,Sp.Komunitas selaku Dekan Fakultas
Ilmu Kesehatan Universitas Muhammadiah Malang.
2. Bapak Sunardi, S.Kep, Ns, M,Kep selaku Ketua Program Studi Profesi Ners
Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang.
3. Faqih Ruhyanuddin, M.Kep., Sp.Kep.MB selaku pembimbing I yang telah
memberikan banyak ilmu, dorongan motivasi dan bimbingan dalam proses
penyusunan Laporan ini sampai selesai.
4. Rumah sakit muhammadiyah lamongan sebagai lahan praktik yang telah
memberikan ilmu dan bantuan kepada saya.
5. Ayah dan Ibu tercinta yang telah memberikan support, do’a, kekuatan dan
motivasi hingga saya dapat menyelesaikan proposal skripsi ini.
6. Semua teman-teman Ners 24 UMM yang telah memberikan semangat, bantuan
dan juga masukan sehingga saya bisa menyelesaikan laporan ini.
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vii
DAFTAR ISI
LEMBAR PERSETUJUAN................................................................................... iii
LEMBAR PENGESAHAN ................................................................................... iv
SURAT PERNYATAAN KEASLIAN KARYA ILMIAH AKHIR NERS ........... v
KATA PENGANTAR ........................................................................................... vi
ABSTRAK ........................................................................................................... viii
ABSTRACT ........................................................................................................... ix
BAB 1...................................................................................................................... 1
PENDAHULUAN................................................................................................... 1
1.1 Latar Belakang.......................................................................................... 1
1.2 Rumusan Masalah .................................................................................... 4
1.3 Tujuan Penulisan ...................................................................................... 4
1.3.1 Tujuan Umum ................................................................................... 4
1.3.2 Tujuan Khusus .................................................................................. 4
1.4 Manfaat Penulisan .................................................................................... 5
1.4.1 Manfaat untuk Penulis....................................................................... 5
1.4.2 Manfaat Praktis ................................................................................. 5
1.4.3 Manfaat Bagi Rumah Sakit ............................................................... 5
BAB II ..................................................................................................................... 6
TINJAUAN PUSTAKA.......................................................................................... 6
2.1 Konsep Gagal Jantung .............................................................................. 6
2.1.1 Definisi Gagal Jantung ...................................................................... 6
2.1.2 Etiologi .............................................................................................. 6
a. Kelainan otot jantung ............................................................................... 6
b. Aterosklerosis coroner .............................................................................. 7
c. Hipertensi sistemik atau pulmonal ........................................................... 7
d. Peradangan dan penyakit miokardium degenerative ................................ 7
e. Penyakit jantung lain ................................................................................ 7
f. Faktor sistemik ......................................................................................... 7
g. Epidemologi ............................................................................................. 7
2.1.3 Tanda dan Gejala............................................................................... 8
2.1.4 Patofisologi ..................................................................................... 10
2.1.5 Pemeriksaan Penunjang .................................................................. 12
x
2.1.6 Pemeriksaan laboratorium ............................................................... 13
2.1.7 Penatalaksanaan .............................................................................. 13
2.2 Konsep Asuhan Keperawatan (FOKUS) ................................................ 15
2.2.1 Pengkajian ....................................................................................... 15
2.2.2 Diagnosa Keperawatan (SDKI)....................................................... 18
2.2.3 Luaran Keperawatan (SLKI) ........................................................... 18
2.3.4 Intervensi Keperawatan (SIKI) ....................................................... 19
BAB III.................................................................................................................. 23
LAPORAN KASUS KELOLAAN UTAMA ....................................................... 23
3.1 Pengkajian .............................................................................................. 23
3.2 Analisa Data ........................................................................................... 28
3.2.1 Penurunan curah jantung b.d perubahan irama jantung .................. 28
3.2.2 Bersihan jalan napas tidak efektif b.d spasme jalan napas.............. 28
3.2.3 Intoleransi aktivitas b.d ketidakseimbangan Antara suplai dan
kebutuhan oksigen ......................................................................................... 28
3.2.4 Hypervolemi b.d kelebihan cairan dan gangguan aliran balik vena 28
3.2.5 Defisit pengetahuan: prognosis gagal jantung b.d kurang terpapar
informasi ........................................................................................................ 29
3.3 Rencana Keperawatan ............................................................................ 29
3.4 Implementasi .......................................................................................... 30
3.5 Evaluasi .................................................................................................. 31
BAB IV ................................................................................................................. 32
ANALISIS SITUASI ............................................................................................ 32
4.1 Analisis Profil Pelayanan RSML............................................................ 32
4.2 Analisis pengkajian ................................................................................ 32
4.3 Analisis Masalah Keperawatan .............................................................. 34
4.3.1 Analisis Masalah Keperawatan Penurunan Curah Jantung ............. 34
4.3.2 Analisis Masalah Keperawatan Bersihan Jalan Napas Tidak Efektif
35
4.3.3 Analisis Masalah Keperawatan Intoleransi Aktivitas ..................... 35
4.3.4 Analisis Masalah Keperawatan Hypervolemia ............................... 36
4.3.5 Analisis Masalah Keperawatan Defisit Pengetahuan ...................... 37
4.4 Analisis Intervensi Keperawatan ............................................................ 38
4.4.1 Analisis Intervensi Perawatan Jantung Terhadap Masalah
Keperawatan Penurunan Curah Jantung ........................................................ 38
xi
4.4.2 Analisis Intervensi Pemantauan Respirasi Terhadap Masalah
Keperawatan Bersihan Jalan Napas ............................................................... 39
4.4.3 Analisis Intervensi Manajemen Energi Terhadap Masalah
Keperawatan Intoleransi Aktivitas................................................................. 39
4.4.4 Analisis Intervensi Manajemen Hipervolemi Terhadap Masalah
Keperawatan Hypervolemia .......................................................................... 40
4.4.5 Analisis Intervensi Edukasi Kesehatan Terhadap Masalah
Keperawatan Defisit Pengetahuan ................................................................. 41
4.5 Rekomendasi Terapi/Intervensi .............................................................. 42
4.5.1 Self-Care Management.................................................................... 42
4.5.2 Terapi Nebulizer.............................................................................. 43
BAB V ................................................................................................................... 44
PENUTUP ............................................................................................................. 44
5.1 Kesimpulan ............................................................................................. 44
5.2 Saran ....................................................................................................... 44
DAFTAR PUSTAKA ........................................................................................... 46
Lampiran 1. Lampiran Format Pengkajian ........................................................... 51
Diagnosa Keperawatan (SDKI) ......................................................................... 66
Lampiran 2. Lembar Konsultasi ............................................................................ 82
Lampiran 3. Hasil Plagiasi .................................................................................... 85
xii
DAFTAR GAMBAR
Gambar 2. 1 pathway/WOC gagal Jantung ...................................................................... 10
xiii
DAFTAR TABEL
Tabel 1. Tanda dan Gejala Gagal Jantung .......................................................................... 7
Tabel 2. Hasil Pemeriksaan Laboratorium Sdr. H ............................................................ 26
xiv
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