Perhitungan Neraca Panas
Perhitungan Neraca Panas
Perhitungan Neraca Panas
B 2 C 3 D 4
T T T
2
3
4
Keterangan:
Cp
A, B, C, D = konstanta
T
= suhu (K)
Kompone
CH3OH
40.046
-3.8287.10-2
2.4529.10-4
-2.1679.10-7
5.9909.10-11
H2O
33.933
-8.4186.10-3
2.9906.10-5
-1.7825.10-8
3.6934.10-12
O2
29.526
-8.8999.10-3
3.8083.10-5
-3.2629.10-8
8.8607.10-12
N2
29.342
-3.5395.10-3
1.0076.10-5
-4.3116.10-9
2.5935.10-13
Ar
20.786
CO2
27.437
4.2315.10-2
-1.9555.10-5
3.9968.10-9
-2.9872.10-13
CH2O
34.428
-2.9779.10-2
1.5104.10-4
-1.2733.10-7
3.3887.10-11
CO
29.556
-6.5807.10-3
2.0130.10-5
-1.2227.10-8
2.2617.10-12
(Yaws, 1999)
2.
C 2 2 C3 3 C 4 4 C5 5
T
T
T
T
2
3
4
5
C1
C2
C3
105,800
-362.23
0.9379
C4
C5
H2O
276,370
-2,090.1
CH2O
61,900
28.3
8.125
-0.014116
0.00000937
(Perry, 1934)
3.
Konstanta Antoine
Kompone
CH3OH
8.08097
1,582.271
239.726
H2O
8.07131
1,730.63
233.426
(Perry, 1934)
Rumus:
Keterangan:
Psat
Ptotal
4.
Tn (K)
337.8
Tc (K)
512.6
Hn
8,526
H2O
373.2
647.1
9,717
(Yaws, 1999)
Rumus:
Tc T
Hv
Tc Tn
0, 38
.Hn
Keterangan:
Tn
Tc
Hn
Hv
: 1 jam operasi
Suhu referensi
: 298 K
Satuan panas
: kkal/jam
Satuan Cp
: kkal/kmol
Satuan Tekanan
: atm
1.
Vaporizer (V-01)
Fungsi
Tujuan
Q kondensat
Q in
Tin = 303 K
P1 = 1.4 atm
V - 01
Q out
Tout = ?
P2=1.5 atm
Q steam
= A [B / (T + C)]
= Psat / Ptotal
Ptotal
= K.X
Komponen
Laju Molar
(kmol/jam)
Xi
P sat
Ki
Yi
CH3OH
102.68
0.997
1,066.17
1.00
0.9994
H2O
0.27
0.003
269.70
0.25
0.0007
Total
102.95
1.00
1.0000
(Kkal/Kmol
(Kkal/jam
102.68
408,222.2
2
98.21
10,083.30
H2O
0.27
376,744.4
1
90.63
24.83
Total
102.95
Komponen
CH3OH
Massa
Cp.dT
(kmol/jam)
(J/kmol)
10,108.13
= 303 K = 300C
T akhir
= 346.4 K = 73.4 0C
Cp.dT
(kkal/kmol
(kkal/jam
3,785,088.3
1
904.27
92,845.89
3,267,973.7
5
780.73
213.91
Massa
Cp.dT
(kmol/jam)
(J/kmol)
102.68
H2O
0.27
Total
102.95
Komponen
CH3OH
93,059.80
= 303 K = 300C
T akhir
= 346.4 K = 73.4 0C
Komponen
CH3OH
Massa
Hv
(kmol/jam)
102.68
(kkal/kmol)
8364.10
(kkal/jam)
858785.14
H2O
0.27
Total
102.95
10067.88
2758.43
861543.57
1752.14 kg / jam
539.05 kkal / kg
24.83
213.91
861543.57
Q penguapan
2.
Q pemanas
944,495.23
Total
954,603.36
954,603.36
Mixer (M-01)
Fungsi
Tujuan
M-01
Q3
T3 = 303 K
P3 = 1 atm
Massa
Cp.dT
H2O
(kmol/jam)
1.36
(kJ/kmol)
168.25
O2
77.36
147.39
35.21
2,724.00
N2
291.03
145.37
34.73
10,106.99
Total
369.75
Komponen
Cp.dT
(kkal/kmol) (kkal/jam)
40.20
54.54
93,059.80
Cp.dT
CH3OH
(kmol/jam)
0.47
(kJ/kmol)
226.48
H2O
279.87
168.25
40.20
11,249.44
O2
133.31
147.39
35.21
4,694.12
N2
1455.14
145.37
34.73
50,534.96
CO
41.78
145.41
34.74
1,451.30
CH2O
0.52
179.70
42.93
22.16
Total
1911.08
Komponen
Cp.dT
(kkal/kmol) (kkal/jam)
54.11
25.16
67977.15
Cp.dT
CH3OH
(kmol/jam)
0.37
(kJ/kmol)
226.48
H2O
225.25
168.25
40.20
9,054.09
O2
184.01
147.39
35.21
6,479.30
N2
1455.14
145.37
34.73
50,534.96
Komponen
Cp.dT
(kkal/kmol) (kkal/jam)
54.11
20.13
CO
33.42
145.41
34.74
1,161.04
CH2O
0.41
179.70
42.93
17.73
Total
1898.61
67267.26
40.20
11,249.44
9,054.09
O2
35.21
4,694.12
6,479.30
N2
34.73
50,534.96
50,534.96
CO
1,451.30
1,161.04
CH2O
22.16
17.73
Total
3.
67267.26
67267.26
Blower (B-01)
Fungsi : Menaikkan tekanan udara dari 1 atm menjadi 1.4 atm
Tujuan : a. Menentukan suhu keluar blower
b. Menghitung panas yang dihasilkan akibat kompresi
Q1
T1 = 303 K
P1 = 1 atm
Q2
T2= ?
P1 = 1.4 atm
B-01
Q yang dihasilkan
Untuk mencari suhu keluar dari blower, diasumsikan kenaikan tekanan secara adiabatis.
Sehingga memenuhi persamaan:
P2
P1
T2 T1
Cpcampuran
Cvcampuran
Di mana, =
Cvcampuran
Cpcampuran
=
R
Dengan, T2
= Suhu keluar blower (T akibat kompresi)
R
= 1.987 kkal/kmol.K
a. Menentukan suhu keluar Blower
T = 303 K = 30oC
Massa
Kompone
Cpi.dT
yi
Cpi.dT
(kkal/kmol
yi.Cpi.dT
(kmol/jam)
CH3OH
0.37
0.000
226.48
)
54.11
H2O
225.25
0.119
168.25
40.20
4.77
O2
184.01
0.097
147.39
35.21
3.41
N2
1455.14
0.766
145.37
34.73
26.62
CO
33.42
0.018
145.41
34.74
0.61
CH2O
0.41
0.000
179.70
42.93
0.01
Total
1898.61
1.00
Cp campuran = 35.43
(kJ/kmol)
(kkal/kmol)
0.01
35.43
kkal / kmol.K
kkal / kmol.K
=
35.43
1,987
=
33.44
Cv campuran
Cpcampuran 35.43
1.059
Cvcampuran 33.44
=
1 0.0561
P2
P1
T1
1 .4
0.0561
303
T2
=
=
= 308.77 K = 35.77oC
b. Panas yang dihasilkan akibat kompresi
T masuk = 30 oC = 303 K
T keluar = 35.77oC = 308.77 K
Massa
Cp.dT
(kmol/jam)
(kJ/kmol)
CH3OH
0.37
263.23
)
62.89
H2O
225.25
194.39
46.44
10460.75
O2
184.01
170.34
40.69
7488.15
Kompone
Cp.dT
(kkal/kmol
Q
(kkal/jam)
23.40
N2
1455.14
167.86
40.10
58352.74
CO
33.42
167.94
40.12
1340.93
CH2O
0.41
208.39
49.79
20.56
Total
1898.61
77686.52
4.
H2O
9,054.09
19514.84
O2
6,479.30
13967.45
N2
50,534.96
108887.70
CO
1,161.04
2501.97
CH2O
17.73
38.29
Panas dihasilkan
77686.52
Total
144,953.78
144,953.78
Preheater (HE-01)
Fungsi
Tujuan
Q1
T1 = 308.77 K
P1 = 1.4 atm
M-02
Q3 (dowtherm A)
T3 = 478 K
Q2
T2 = ?
P2 = 1.4
atm
Cp.dT
(kmol/jam)
(kJ/kmol)
CH3OH
0.37
489.72
)
116.99
H2O
225.25
362.64
86.64
19514.84
O2
184.01
317.72
75.90
13967.45
N2
1455.14
313.22
74.83
108887.70
CO
33.42
313.36
74.86
2501.97
CH2O
0.41
388.09
92.72
38.29
Total
1898.61
Kompone
Cp.dT
(kkal/kmol
Q
(kkal/jam)
43.53
144953.78
Cp.dT
(kmol/jam)
(kJ/kmol)
CH3OH
0.37
11,844.62
)
2829.71
H2O
225.25
7,762.83
1854.56
417741.27
O2
184.01
6,833.21
1632.47
300396.17
N2
1455.14
6,608.35
1578.75
2297310.19
CO
33.42
6,648.79
1588.41
53086.27
CH2O
0.41
9,002.47
2150.72
888.30
Total
1898.61
Kompone
Cp.dT
(kkal/kmol
Q
(kkal/jam)
1052.75
3070474.95
= 188,801.21 kg/jam
Neraca Panas Overall di Preheater (HE-01)
Output (kkal/jam)
Komponen
Input (kkal/jam)
43.53
1052.75
CH3OH
5.
H2O
19514.84
417741.27
O2
13967.45
300396.17
N2
108887.70
2297310.19
CO
2501.97
53086.27
CH2O
38.29
888.30
Panas ditambahkan
2,925,521.17
Total
3070474.95
3070474.95
Mixer (M-02)
Fungsi
Tujuan
Q1
T1 = ?
P1 = 1.4 atm
M-02
Q2
T2 =
346.4 K
P2 = 1.4
atm
Q3
T3 =508
P3 = 1.4 atm
Massa
Cp.dT
(kmol/jam)
(kJ/kmol)
CH3OH
103.05
H2O
Kompone
Cp.dT
(kkal/kmol
Q
(kkal/jam)
10,919.79
)
2608.77
268826.20
225.52
7,218.14
1724.43
388902.18
O2
184.01
6,352.38
1517.60
279258.02
N2
1455.14
6,152.05
1469.74
2138681.72
CO
33.42
6,186.70
1478.02
49396.78
CH2O
0.41
8,322.05
1988.16
821.16
Total
2001.56
3125886.07
Cp.dT
(kmol/jam)
(kJ/kmol)
CH3OH
102.68
2254.61
)
538.63
H2O
0.27
1634.55
390.50
Total
102.95
Kompone
Cp.dT
(kkal/kmol
Q
(kkal/jam)
55304.13
106.99
55411.12
Cp.dT
Cp.dT
CH3OH
(kmol/jam)
0.37
(kJ/kmol)
11,844.62
(kkal/kmol)
2829.71
(kkal/jam)
1052.75
H2O
225.25
7,762.83
1854.56
417741.27
O2
184.01
6,833.21
1632.47
300396.17
N2
1455.14
6,608.35
1578.75
2297310.19
CO
33.42
6,648.79
1588.41
53086.27
CH2O
0.41
9,002.47
2150.72
888.30
Total
1898.61
Komponen
3070474.95
417741.27
O2
300396.17
279,258.02
N2
2297310.19
2,138,681.72
CO
53086.27
CH2O
888.30
Total
6.
106.99
388,902.18
49,396.78
821.16
3,125,886.07
3,125,886.07
Reactor (R-01)
Fungsi
Tujuan
R-01
Q1
T1 = 508 K
P1 = 1.4 atm
H reaksi
Q 4 (dowtherm A)
Q 3 (dowtherm A)
R-01
H
Hfo298
(kJ/kmol)
-200660
Q2
T1 = 563 K
P1 = 1.4 atm
Reaksi utama
H2O
-241818
CH2O
-108570
CO
-110525
1
CH 3OH O2
CH 2 O H 2 O
2
1
CH 2 O O2
2
CO H 2 O
Reaksi samping :
H298 reaksi utama= (Hfo298 CH2O + Hfo298 H2O) - Hfo298 CH3OH
= (-108570 241818) + 200660
= -149728 kJ/kmol = -35770.46 kkal/kmol
= -35770.5 kkal/kmol.(103.05 kmol/jam)
= -3710097.57 kkal/jam
H298 reaksi samping = (Hfo298 CO + Hfo298 H2O) - Hfo298 CH2O
= (-110525 241818) + 108570
= -243773 kJ/kmol = -58238.09 kkal/kmol
= -58238.09 kkal/kmol.(0.41 kmol/jam)
= -24053.89 kkal/jam
H298 reaksi total
= -3710097.57 + (-24053.89)
= -2829564.3 kkal/jam
Cp.dT
Cp.dT
CH3OH
(kmol/jam)
1.65
(kJ/kmol)
14,303.32
(kkal/kmol)
3417.11
(kkal/jam)
5633.97
H2O
326.92
9,174.44
2191.80
716549.76
O2
133.31
8,079.33
1930.18
257318.57
N2
1455.14
7,785.34
1859.94
2706473.52
CO
41.78
7,842.97
1873.71
78276.30
CH2O
93.87
10,798.62
2579.82
242167.22
Komponen
2052.67
Total
4006419.34
388902.18
716549.76
O2
279258.02
257318.57
N2
2138681.72
2706473.52
CO
49396.78
78276.30
CH2O
821.16
242167.22
Panas Reaksi
3710097.57
2829564.30
Panas Pendingin
Total
6835983.64
6835983.64
448 K
Dari preheater
T-03
Cooling Water
303 K
313 K
Ke preheater
Ke reaktor
478 K
kkal
kkal
=2,925,521.17
+Qcooling water
jam
jam
kkal
jam
313
kkal
95956.87
=m Cp dT
jam
303
95956.87
m=1.74
kkal
=m 179.83 kkal/kmol
jam
kmol
kg
18
jam
kmol
m=31.33 kg / jam
Q steam
T= 373 K
WHB-01
Q2
T1 = 363 K
P1 = 1.2 atm
Q1
T1 = 563 K
P1 = 1.4 atm
Q kondensat
T= 373 K
Massa
Cp.dT
Cp.dT
CH3OH
(kmol/jam)
1.65
(kJ/kmol)
4,057.45
(kkal/kmol)
969.34
(kkal/jam)
1,598.20
H2O
326.92
2,880.51
688.16
224,975.81
O2
133.31
2,528.62
604.10
80,534.12
N2
1455.14
2,477.05
591.78
861,116.57
CO
41.78
2,482.20
593.01
24,773.50
CH2O
93.87
3,166.72
756.54
71,016.09
Total
2052.67
Komponen
Q yang diserap
1264014.28
m 5087.47 kg / jam
Neraca Panas Overall di Waste Heat Boiler (WHB-01)
CH3OH
Input (kkal/jam)
5,633.97
Output (kkal/jam)
1,598.20
H2O
716,549.76
224,975.81
O2
257,318.57
80,534.12
N2
2,706,473.52
861,116.57
CO
78,276.30
24,773.50
CH2O
242,167.22
71,016.09
Komponen
2742405.07
Panas diserap
4,006,419.34
Total
4,006,419.34
9. Cooler (HE-02)
Fungsi : Mendinginkan gas dari waste heat boiler masuk ke absorber
Tujuan : a. Menghitung panas keluar cooler
b. Menghitung kebutuhan pendingin
Q 4 (cooling water)
T4 = 313 K
Q1
T1 = 383 K
P1 = 1.2 atm
Q2
T2 = 323
P2 = 1.2
atm
M-02
Q 3 (cooling water)
T3 = 303 K
Cp.dT
Cp.dT
CH3OH
(kmol/jam)
1.65
(kJ/kmol)
1,146.94
(kkal/kmol)
274.01
(kkal/jam)
451.77
H2O
326.92
842.60
201.30
65,809.07
O2
133.31
738.51
176.43
23,520.84
N2
1455.14
727.20
173.73
252,802.59
CO
41.78
727.72
173.86
7,263.01
CH2O
93.87
906.24
216.50
20,323.03
Komponen
2052.67
Total
370170.30
= Q2 Q1
= 370170.30 - 1264014.28
= -893843.98 kkal/jam
kkal
jam
313
893843.98
kkal
=m Cp dT
jam
303
893843.98
kkal
=m179.83 kkal /kmol
jam
m=4970.57
kmol
kg
18
jam
kmol
m=89470.26 kg / jam
Neraca Panas Overall di Cooler (HE-02)
Output (kkal/jam)
Komponen
Input (kkal/jam)
1,598.20
451.77
CH3OH
H2O
224,975.81
65,809.07
O2
80,534.12
23,520.84
N2
861,116.57
252,802.59
CO
24,773.50
7,263.01
CH2O
71,016.09
20,323.03
893843.98
Panas diserap
Total
1,264,014.28
1,264,014.28
Fungsi
Tujuan
Q2 (recycle)
T2 = 303 K
Q4 (produk atas)
T4 = 303 K
Q3 (air)
T3 = 303 K
AB-01
Qpelarutan
Q6 (produk utama)
T6 = 303 K
Q1
T1 = 323 K
cooler
Q5 (produk bawah)
T5 = 308 K
m. Cp. dT
Q3 =
298
Panas pelarutan:
H pelarutan = 63000 kJ/kmol = 14811.98 kkal/kmol
Massa CH2O yang terserap = 93.434 kmol/jam
Qs = m. Hs
= 93.434 kmol/jam 14811.98 kkal/kmol
= 1383942.85 kkal/jam
b. Menghitung panas keluar absorber
1) Panas produk atas
T keluar = 303 K = 30oC
Massa
Cp.dT
Cp.dT
CH3OH
(kmol/jam)
0.47
(kJ/kmol)
226.48
(kkal/kmol)
54.11
(kkal/jam)
25.16
H2O
279.87
168.25
40.20
11,249.44
O2
133.31
147.39
35.21
4,694.12
N2
1455.14
145.37
34.73
50,534.96
CO
41.78
145.41
34.74
1,451.30
CH2O
0.52
179.70
42.93
22.16
Total
1911.08
Komponen
67977.15
Cp.dT
Cp.dT
CH3OH
(kmol/jam)
1.18
(kJ/kmol)
226.48
(kkal/kmol)
54.11
(kkal/jam)
64.05
H2O
262.83
168.25
40.20
10,564.55
CH2O
93.43
179.70
42.93
4,011.18
Total
357.45
Komponen
14639.78
3) Panas recycle
T produk bawah (T5) = 308 K = 35oC
T recycle (T2) = T produk utama (T6) = 303 K = 30oC
Massa produk bawah yang di recycle dapat dihitung dengan neraca energi pada
absorber:
Qmasuk=Qkeluar
Q1+Q 2+Q 3+Qs=Q 5+Q 4
308
303
298
298
308
303
298
298
308
308
303
298
298
298
308
308
298
298
298
303
308
308
298
303
xi.Cpi. dT )
Q1 Q3 Qs Q 4 m6.
xi.Cpi. dT
298
308
xi.Cpi. dT
303
m2 =
308
m6.
Nilai
xi.Cpi. dT
298
Massa
Cp.dT
(kmol/jam)
(kJ/kmol)
CH3OH
1.18
H2O
Komponen
Cp.dT
(kkal/kmol
Q (kkal/jam)
454.40
)
108.56
128.50
262.83
336.63
80.42
21,137.27
CH2O
93.43
360.16
86.04
8,039.35
Total
357.45
29305.12
308
xi.Cpi. dT
Nilai
303
Kompone
n
Massa
(kmol/jam
xi
Cp.dT
(kJ/kmol)
Cp.dT
(kkal/kmol
)
xi.Cp.dT
(kkal/kmol)
1.18
0.00
3
454.40
108.56
0.18
H2O
262.83
0.73
5
336.63
80.42
29.58
CH2O
93.43
0.26
1
360.16
86.04
11.27
Total
357.45
1.00
CH3OH
41.03
m2 =
m2 = 40856.16 kmol/jam
Panas recycle:
Komponen
CH3OH
Massa
Cp.dT
(kmol/jam)
(kJ/kmol)
135.30
226.48
Cp.dT
(kkal/kmol
Q (kkal/jam)
)
54.11
7,320.65
H2O
30041.30
168.25
40.20
1,207,529.5
8
CH2O
10679.56
179.70
42.93
458,478.47
Total
40856.16
1673328.70
Cp.dT
(kmol/jam)
(kJ/kmol)
CH3OH
136.48
H2O
30304.12
Komponen
Cp.dT
(kkal/kmol
Q (kkal/jam)
454.40
)
108.56
14,816.11
336.63
80.42
2,437,130.46
CH2O
10773.00
Total
41213.60
Kompone
n
CH3OH
360.16
86.04
926,938.58
3378885.15
H2O
65,809.07
O2
23,520.84
4,694.12
N2
252,802.59
50,534.96
CO
7,263.01
1,451.30
CH2O
20,323.03
Qpelaruta
n
19,420.46 1,207,529.58
11,249.44
458,478.47
22.16
2,437,130.46
926,938.58
1383942.85
3,446,862.30
Total
3,446,862.30
Q2
T2 = 303
P2 = 1 atm
M-02
Q 3 (cooling water)
T3 = 303 K
Massa
Cp.dT
Cp.dT
(kmol/jam)
(kJ/kmol)
(kkal/kmol
Q (kkal/jam)
136.48
CH3OH
226.48
)
54.11
7,384.69
H2O
30304.12
168.25
40.20
1,218,094.1
3
CH2O
10773.00
179.70
42.93
462,489.65
Total
41213.60
1687968.47
= Q2 Q1
= 1687968.47 - 3378885.15
= -1690916.68 kkal/jam
kkal
jam
313
kkal
1690916.68
=m Cp dT
jam
303
1690916.68
kkal
=m179.83 kkal/kmol
jam
m=9403.01
kmol
kg
18
jam
kmol
2,437,130.46
1218094.13
CH2O
926,938.58
462489.65
1690916.68
Panas diserap
Total
3,378,885.15
3,378,885.15
: Mengembalikan gas produk atas absorber yang akan recycle ke fresh feed
udara dan membuang sisanya ke atmosfer.
Q3
T3 = 303 K
P3 = 1 atm
M-01
Q1 = 67977.15 kkal/jam
Q2 = 54381.72 kkal/jam
Panas gas yang di-purging:
T = 303 K = 300C
Massa
Cp.dT
CH3OH
(kmol/jam)
0.09
(kJ/kmol)
226.48
H2O
55.97
168.25
40.20
2,249.89
O2
26.66
147.39
35.21
938.82
N2
291.03
145.37
34.73
10,106.99
CO
8.36
145.41
34.74
290.26
CH2O
0.10
179.70
42.93
4.43
Total
382.22
Komponen
Cp.dT
(kkal/kmol) (kkal/jam)
54.11
5.03
13595.43
H2O
11,249.44
8,999.55
2,249.89
O2
4,694.12
3,755.30
938.82
N2
50,534.96
40,427.97
10,106.99
CO
1,451.30
1,161.04
290.26
CH2O
22.16
17.73
4.43
Total
67,977.15
67,977.15