Papers by Emmanuel Sunday Ajayi
International Journal of Scientific and Engineering Research
Two different optimization models for prediction of compressive strength of lateritic blocks was ... more Two different optimization models for prediction of compressive strength of lateritic blocks was performed using statistical analysis for the lateritic block data obtained from experimental work done in this study. The models used are Scheffee's and Osadebe's optimization theories to predict the compressive strength of lateritic blocks. The results of predictions were comparatively analysed using the statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) for the student's t-test. It was found that the two models are acceptable for the prediction of compressive strength of lateritic blocks.
In tropical countries like Nigeria where seasonal variation in climate is usually experienced, th... more In tropical countries like Nigeria where seasonal variation in climate is usually experienced, the earth routes which usually compose of lateritic soil are not usually stable. There is an increase of moisture content during the rainy season, which tends to weaken the strength of the soil while in the dry season; the dust in such roads is a great menace to the comfort and well-being of road users and adjacent inhabitant. This study looks at the effect of lime variation on moisture content and dry density of lateritic soil in Ilorin, Nigeria. The lime concentrations used were 0%, 2.5%, 5%, and 7.5% respectively and a total of five specimens were used for each concentration to obtain moisture-density relation. British Standard (BS) 1377 method or procedure was used in carrying out the test. The results of analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed that there is significant variation (at 5 % level of significance) in moisture contents and dry densities with lime concentration. The maximum dry density ranges from 1.63 kg/dm 3 to 1.89 kg/dm 3 and the moisture content ranges from 2.2 % to 17.2 % for the samples under consideration. The dry density of the sample decreases with increase in lime concentration with the rate of reduction being more between 0 % and 2.5 % lime content while the moisture content increases with increase in lime content. The increase in the moisture content due to the addition of lime results into lower amount of compaction or less compactive effort and this could be achieved by addition of small amounts of lime to laterite.
This research was conducted to study temperature fluctuation inside the inert atmosphere silos lo... more This research was conducted to study temperature fluctuation inside the inert atmosphere silos loaded with wheat, compare the temperature fluctuation across the top, middle and bottom part of the silo in relation to the ambient temperature. Temperature readings of the ambient and at the top, middle and bottom part of the two silos for twenty-eight (28) months of storage were recorded in order to monitor temperature fluctuation at different sections inside the inert atmosphere silos loaded with two varieties of wheat namely LACRIWHT-2 (Cettia) and LACRIWHT-4 (Atilla-Gan-Atilla) from Lake Chad Research Institute, Maiduguri, Nigeria. Statistical Analysis System (SAS) software was used to run analysis of variance and t-Test on the data. The findings revealed that there is significant difference in the mean temperature at different position or sections of the silos and as well between the two silos. The mean temperatures at the top, middle and the bottom of the inert atmosphere silos were approximately 29.35 o C, 28.19 o C and 26.51 o C respectively. Temperatures decreases from the top of grain bulk towards the floor of the inert atmosphere silos.
This research was conducted to study temperature fluctuation inside the inert atmosphere silos lo... more This research was conducted to study temperature fluctuation inside the inert atmosphere silos loaded with wheat, compare the temperature fluctuation across the top, middle and bottom part of the silo in relation to the ambient temperature. Temperature readings of the ambient and at the top, middle and bottom part of the two silos for twenty-eight (28) months of storage were recorded in order to monitor temperature fluctuation at different sections inside the inert atmosphere silos loaded with two varieties of wheat namely LACRIWHT-2 (Cettia) and LACRIWHT-4 (Atilla-Gan-Atilla) from Lake Chad Research Institute, Maiduguri, Nigeria. Statistical Analysis System (SAS) software was used to run analysis of variance and t-Test on the data. The findings revealed that there is significant difference in the mean temperature at different position or sections of the silos and as well between the two silos. The mean temperatures at the top, middle and the bottom of the inert atmosphere silos were approximately 29.35 oC, 28.19 oC and 26.51 oC respectively. Temperatures decreases from the top of grain bulk towards the floor of the inert atmosphere silos.
Keywords: Temperature, inert atmosphere, silo, structure, storage.
This study examines the marketable surplus of maize in Osun State, Nigeria. The study stemmed fro... more This study examines the marketable surplus of maize in Osun State, Nigeria. The study stemmed from the need to ensure food security in the country. Primary data obtained from 120 respondents selected through a three-stage sampling technique were used for the study. The data collected were analysed with descriptive statistics and regression analysis. The findings revealed that the major occupation of the farmer, use of modern technology and maize output were significant at p < 0.1, p < 0.5 and p < 0.01 respectively and positively affected marketable surplus of maize in the study area while cost of transportation was significant at p < 0.1 and negatively affected it. These findings suggest that market surplus of maize can be enhanced if appropriate measures are put in place. Therefore, the study calls for provision of improved agricultural technologies to farmers, implementation of measures to reduce transport cost as well as formulation of sound policies to encourage the farming as main occupation.
Two different optimization models for prediction of compressive strength of lateritic blocks was ... more Two different optimization models for prediction of compressive strength of lateritic blocks was performed using statistical analysis for the lateritic block data obtained from experimental work done in this study. The models used are Scheffee’s and Osadebe’s optimization theories to predict the compressive strength of lateritic blocks. The results of predictions were comparatively analysed using the statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) for the student’s t-test. It was found that the two models are acceptable for the prediction of compressive strength of lateritic blocks.
The increase in papaya production requires new strategies to extend the storage life of the fruit... more The increase in papaya production requires new strategies to extend the storage life of the fruit. Edible coatings act as physical barriers when applied on the surface of fruits and effectively change their internal atmosphere and delay the ripening process. In the present study, two different coatings were developed from the mucilage of Opuntia cactus and their effects were investigated on the quality and storability of papaya fruits. The two experimental coatings were pure mucilage extracts (ME) and mucilage extract mixed with 5 mL glycerol (MEG) which served as plasticizer. The parameters measured were weight loss, ascorbic acid content, pH, firmness, total soluble solid and the microbial qualities of papaya fruits. Papaya fruits were stored for six weeks at an average temperature of 27 ± 2 °C and relative humidity of 55-60% under an Evaporative Coolant System (ECS). Prior to storage, the papaya fruits were surface sterilized using 100 mg/L sodium hypochlorite and randomly arranged into three treatments, the control (untreated) and the two coating treatments. After six week of storage the concentration of yeast and mold was found to decrease in the control from 8.89 log CFU/g to 3.87 log CFU/g (MEG) and 4.78 log CFU/g (ME); also the concentration of aerobic psychrotrophic bacteria decreased from 11.22 log CFU/g in the control to 4.21 log CFU/g (MEG) and 6.02 log CFU/g (ME) mucilage treated fruits while the concentration of aerobic mesophilic bacteria was decreased from 9.78 log CFU/g in the control to 4.98 log CFU/g (MEG) and 6.32 log CFU/g (ME) mucilage treated fruits. The above parameters which are related to post-harvest quality loss were however significantly controlled in the coated papaya. The overall result showed that cactus mucilage was effective in extending the shelf-life of papaya fruits when compared to the control. MEG was more effective than ME. 50/
Edible coatings based on hydroxypropylmethylcellulose(HPMC) with and without an aqueous extract o... more Edible coatings based on hydroxypropylmethylcellulose(HPMC) with and without an aqueous extract of Moringa leaves, were developed and applied to orange, in order to improve quality and shelf life during storage, while taking advantage of the beneficial health properties of Moringa. Weight loss, firmness and ascorbic acid content of uncoated and coated samples were determined throughout ambient storage. The two experimental coatings were: HPMC without crude extract of Moringa oleifera and HPMCME mixed with 75mg/ml of crude extract of Moringa oleifera . Four hundred and eighty (480) orange fruits were stored for seven weeks at ambient temperature of 27±3 o C and relative humidity of 50 -65%. The overall result showed that polysaccharides coating from (HPMC) and (HPMCME) is effective in extending the shelf-life of orange fruits when compared to untreated in the following order:(HPMCME) > (HPMC) >Control.
In tropical countries like Nigeria where seasonal variation in climate is usually experienced, th... more In tropical countries like Nigeria where seasonal variation in climate is usually experienced, the earth routes which usually compose of lateritic soil are not usually stable. There is an increase of moisture content during the rainy season, which tends to weaken the strength of the soil while in the dry season; the dust in such roads is a great menace to the comfort and well-being of road users and adjacent inhabitant. This study looks at the effect of lime variation on moisture content and dry density of lateritic soil in Ilorin, Nigeria. The lime concentrations used were 0%, 2.5%, 5%, and 7.5% respectively and a total of five specimens were used for each concentration to obtain moisture -density relation. British Standard (BS) 1377 method or procedure was used in carrying out the test. The results of analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed that there is significant variation (at 5 % level of significance) in moisture contents and dry densities with lime concentration. The maximum dry density ranges from 1.63 kg/dm 3 to 1.89 kg/dm 3 and the moisture content ranges from 2.2 % to 17.2 % for the samples under consideration. The dry density of the sample decreases with increase in lime concentration with the rate of reduction being more between 0 % and 2.5 % lime content while the moisture content increases with increase in lime content. The increase in the moisture content due to the addition of lime results into lower amount of compaction or less compactive effort and this could be achieved by addition of small amounts of lime to laterite.
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Papers by Emmanuel Sunday Ajayi
Keywords: Temperature, inert atmosphere, silo, structure, storage.
Keywords: Temperature, inert atmosphere, silo, structure, storage.