All Questions
Tagged with assembly-code or assembly
307 questions
3
votes
1
answer
32
views
If the `Free pointer` is stored at `0x40` what do the rest of `0x41` to `0x5f` do?
Layout in Memory
Solidity reserves four 32-byte slots, with specific byte ranges (inclusive of endpoints) being used as follows:
0x00 - 0x3f (64 bytes): scratch space for hashing methods
0x40 - ...
- 307
1
vote
1
answer
35
views
Assigned variable in memory location 0x40 is returned in 0x80
I'm trying to understand how assembly works with memory and the free memory pointer.
Given the following:
function test() public pure returns(uint){
assembly {
...
- 137
3
votes
1
answer
90
views
Is it possible to emit generic events using assembly?
I'm trying out a proxy / upgrade pattern where the deployed contract is an ERC-721 but it delegates as much functionality to a "controller" contract as possible. The storage is split between ...
- 335
0
votes
1
answer
30
views
Inheritance in solidity
Are private variables in solidity inherited ?
Please I need a bit of clarification here from most text I have read about inheritance in solidity they state clearly that private variables of parent ...
1
vote
1
answer
48
views
assembly mload offset understanding
I tried asking chat-gpt but it kept shitting the be for the explaination. I have some code which looks like so:
function getAuthorityScope(bytes memory authorityScope) public pure returns (address, ...
- 125
0
votes
1
answer
40
views
Interact with Deployed Contract
Can we interact with a deployed contract without web3 library meaning through another contract. Can we make a call to another contract inside of a contract through may be assembly keyword that makes ...
- 61
0
votes
2
answers
194
views
How to use `MCOPY`?
I'm a student who's learning smart contract develop. I want to write some assembly codes to solve this problem.
function convert()
public
pure
returns (bytes memory)
{
...
- 26
0
votes
1
answer
61
views
Multiplication of two uint256
How do I compute the multiplication of two uint256 so the result doesn't overflow?
In the end, this multiplication is an intermediate step within a larger operation, in case this extra piece of info ...
- 948
0
votes
1
answer
24
views
Convert the following address sum function to optimized assembly via both memory and storage. Slots are dynamic
I'm looking to convert the entire function getCurrentSupply() to assembly code as the potential gas savings in this use case are significant. Note that everything should be within a single assembly{} ...
- 125
0
votes
1
answer
33
views
Is it safe to reuse same memory slots for both inputs and ouputs when working with assembly call?
Is it safe to reuse memory for both inputs and ouputs when working with assembly call?
If not, what can go wrong?
Contract below uses assembly to call Target
contract YulStaticCall {
function ...
- 643
0
votes
1
answer
47
views
Why the method _castToPure in hardhat/console.sol can convert a view method to a pure one?
I have a question when read the console.sol. There is a method named _castToPure that can convert a view method _sendLogPayloadImplementation into a pure method. I cant understand the reason and ...
- 31
0
votes
1
answer
172
views
Runtime bytecode not contained in creation bytecode
I'm currently delving into EVM and contract bytecode.
My understanding is that by sending a transaction to the NULL address with both the initcode and contract code, and ensuring that the init code ...
0
votes
0
answers
47
views
Solidity inline assembly custom error revert foundry testing
I have written test cases for the original high level code to test the reverting case of a custome error - ERC20InsufficientBalance(address,uint256,uint256) with the following code:
function ...
- 1
1
vote
1
answer
71
views
Manipulate bytes with assembly
Using assembly only, how do I switch, for A0b86991c6218b36c1d19D4a2e9Eb0cE3606eB48, the last 20 bytes of the second 32-bytes from the bytes variable below, and keep the rest as it is?
Original bytes:
...
- 948
1
vote
1
answer
93
views
Inline assembly, how to get string from struct in mapping with Yul?
I don't get how to get next element in struct.
I can take id value, but what to do next?
i assume, i need to add 1 to slot, to get string value
but what it return, reference to the string? and what i ...
1
vote
1
answer
56
views
generate url in smart contract, based on block.chainid and address(this)
For the past few days I have been looking into creating a simple function to generate a url based on block.chainid (uint256) and address(this).
The idea is as follows:
function url() public view ...
- 11
3
votes
2
answers
229
views
Why does mload(0x40) result in 0x20?
I ran the code below and had a question.
function mloadTest1() public pure returns(bytes memory) {
bytes memory a;
assembly {
a :=mload(0x40)
}
return a;
}
mload(x) is a Yul ...
- 590
4
votes
3
answers
352
views
Calling private functions using Yul ( Solidity )
I'm currently learning Yul in Solidity and experimenting with the call() function to call other functions in inline assembly. I've noticed that as soon as a function is set to private, I receive a ...
- 41
1
vote
0
answers
18
views
Solidity assembly: `target_slot`. Is it an opcode or other stuff?
I found this strange variable or opcode in inline assembly, but I'm not sure: target_ slot. I couldn't find its definition in the contract. I prefer it to be an opcode, but I didn't seem to find it ...
- 81
0
votes
1
answer
87
views
What is the reason for this assembly code?
I am looking at the following contract, specifically the following assembly code....I think I decoded that it means make sure that if the contents of slot 0 equals 2, then store 3980109478 (which is ...
- 71
1
vote
1
answer
27
views
Inline assembly loop doesn't update memory
I want to copy in inline assembly from calldata the last two bytes of every 32 byte slices to the lower half of the first free memory slot(32 bytes).
free = free memory pointer + 14 (bytes)
moffset = ...
0
votes
2
answers
227
views
reading and writing to a packed nested struct using inline assembly
I've been racking my brain with this for some time, and have been unable to increment and decrement specific fields inside nested structs as per the example below.
// SPDX-License-Identifier: ...
- 11
2
votes
1
answer
245
views
Grab first 20 bytes of 32-bytes input
In solidity casting or assembly, how do I grab the first 20 bytes of this 32-bytes input: 0x00010000c900c90062fceaad00000000000000000002af416812f9bb6f2fdff5?
Thanks!
- 948
2
votes
1
answer
197
views
Is there a shortcut for "greater than or equals to" in Solidity assembly?
I have some code where I was experimenting with the Math library, namely the logarithm functions, and I figured these would be the perfect functions to optimize with assembly, after slightly improving ...
- 125
0
votes
1
answer
82
views
Is it possible to make my CREATE2 factory so that the calculated address is totally independent of the address my factory is deployed on?
Is it possible to make my CREATE2 factory so that the calculated address is totally independent of the address my factory is deployed on.
For example, this is the formula listed on solidity-by-example ...
0
votes
1
answer
86
views
Converting an optimized for addition loop into inline assembly (0.8.20)
I have to loop through an array that will contain <10 addresses. I've already optimized for gas costs as much as possible using native Solidity. But I realized this loop can be improved further ...
- 125
1
vote
1
answer
59
views
how come loading the funcSig from data isn't enough, you have to shift it also to use it in the rest of the code/function
basically we have this function
function FlaggedMethods(
bytes memory data
) public returns (address) {
bytes4 funcSig;
assembly {
// Shift right by 224 bits ...
- 13
0
votes
2
answers
577
views
Make Uniswap v2 swap through inline assembly
I'm trying to make swap tokens in smart contract using Uniswap V2. My main goal is to make part where you need to work with Uniswap router as assembly block.
I'm not good in assembly, so I need your ...
- 23
1
vote
1
answer
78
views
Cannot getting a storage variable from another contract using inline-assembly
I am trying to develop myself on inline-assembly. There are two contracts: CryptoDevs and Whitelist. In the assembly, i copied the whole code of whitelist contract instance into cryptodevs memory. ...
2
votes
0
answers
14
views
How can i implement `MinimalBeaconProxy`?
I'm trying to make MinimalBeaconProxy. But seems like the assembly codes don't work. Can I get some advice of this codes?
Contracts
contract BeaconProxyCreator {
constructor(address beacon) ...
- 21
0
votes
1
answer
237
views
Inline Assembly: RETURN opcode can't not work. Failed to decode output
I know that: return(p, s): end execution, return data mem[p…(p+s)).
I want to return something in memory but not a multiple of bytes32. For example, I want to return 1 byte:
pragma solidity 0.8.20;
...
- 81
2
votes
1
answer
532
views
Trying to use CREATE opcode to deploy a new contract instance using bytecode of a deployed contract
I am trying to get the bytecode from a deployed contract, then by using that bytecode, use the CREATE opcode to deploy a new instance of that contract.
Here is the code I'm trying out (but to no avail)...
- 41
1
vote
1
answer
190
views
How to shift elements in array using inline assembly?
Taking a memory array [1,2,3], is it possible to us shr/shl to make the array [2,3,1]?
- 668
3
votes
2
answers
211
views
Remix Assembly vs. Solidity Compiler Assembly
I am just diving into EVM assembly and am a little confused about the following.
I have the following simple contract:
pragma solidity >=0.8.1;
contract MyTest {}
When I compile it using Remix, I ...
- 779
3
votes
3
answers
459
views
How to decode a nested encodePacked?
The structure of the encoding is
abi.encodePacked(
abi.encodePacked(
address,
uint256,
uint256,
address,
uint256,
address,
...
- 668
1
vote
0
answers
81
views
I have low level method that calculates log2, but I don't exactly understand how it works
Somebody, please, can you explain step by step how it assembly code exactly works?
function log2(uint x) private pure returns(uint y) {
assembly {
let arg := x
x := sub(x,1)
...
1
vote
1
answer
767
views
Is it possible to reverse the gas used in case of using revert?
I try to refund gas to the minimum even after using revert with the following example.
uint A = IERC20(base).balanceOf(address(this));
IERC20(token).transfer(owner,1000000);
then I run swaps ...
0
votes
1
answer
33
views
I m trying to add additional parameter in fulfillBasicOrder but it gives me error
When I add additional parameter in fulfillBasicOrder it gives me error of InvalidBasicOrderParameterEncoding
Please help me out how can I add additional parameter in this function as I have less ...
- 31
1
vote
1
answer
169
views
Why doesn't the Yul instruction `div` work just like the high-level division operator?
I noticed that the following Solidity functions are not equivalent:
function a(int256 x) pure returns (uint256 result) {
assembly {
result := div(sub(0, x), x)
}
}
function b(int256 ...
- 18.7k
4
votes
2
answers
2k
views
What is calldata offset for dynamic calldata arrays?
The Solidity docs say this about dynamic calldata arrays:
For dynamic calldata arrays, you can access their calldata offset (in bytes) and length (number of elements) using x.offset and x.length
But ...
- 18.7k
2
votes
0
answers
85
views
Is there any way to bubble up custom errors without using low-level assembly?
Is there any way to bubble up custom errors without using low-level assembly?
Say you have a custom error defined like this:
contract For {
error Unauthorized();
function reverWithError() ...
- 18.7k
2
votes
2
answers
590
views
Is it safe to open SLOAD to any contract?
I am running into issue of contract size over the limit when deploying my contract. So, I have decided to open SLOAD in my getter so that any contract can read from it.
function readBySlot(uint256 ...
- 435
0
votes
2
answers
489
views
Convert bytes20 to address in assembly
Can you convert a bytes20 to address in assembly (not solidity-typecasting)?
If so, how?
- 948
1
vote
0
answers
98
views
How to values in mapping type struct with solidity assembly?
I have a special needs, store the mapping type struct with assembly code. thank you very for everyone who can response this question.
Need your help how to write something in assembly
Here is how I am ...
- 11
1
vote
1
answer
285
views
Grab last 12 bytes of a bytes32
How do I grab the last 12 bytes of a bytes32 in assembly?
For example, the last 12 bytes of bytes32 num = 0xdeb02111e4e5fa8c7c05e983a3446893a36d12ad6d79206163636f756e740000
Thanks!
- 948
0
votes
1
answer
67
views
how to return tightly packed storage values in assembly
I have a contract with 2 tightly packed values in storage slot1, how do I return the second address value with assembly?
Contract MyContract{
bool a;
address b;
function getAddress() public ...
- 293
1
vote
1
answer
96
views
Grab the last 32 bytes of 64-bytes input
In assembly, how do I grab the last 32 bytes in a 64-bytes input?
I know that this code is for grabbing the first 32:
bytes32 half;
assembly {
half := mload(add(accData2, 32))
}
- 948
0
votes
1
answer
178
views
How to understand the difference between transfer and function call using assembly call(g,a,v,in,insize,out,outsize)
I understand that if there is an external function call, it will use all 7 parameters of the call(g,a,v,in,insize,out,outsize). However, I got a question I know low-level transfers like .transfer() ...
- 15
4
votes
2
answers
2k
views
Yul/Inline Assembly: Revert with a custom error message
I am learning Yul for my Bachelor's thesis and I am currently stuck on understanding a small code segment with require and revert functions.
A simple require function in Solidity ...
require(...
- 43
1
vote
2
answers
314
views
How to get internal calls Calldata in solidity?
How to get signature of setA() when user is calling setB() for below code snippet ?
contract Sig {
function setA() public {
// How to get function signature of `setA()` at this location while ...
- 11