'D Rather Had Better Alternativas A Condicionales

WOULD PREFER - WOULD RATHER ( hablar de preferencias)
Would prefer puede contraer ‘d prefer + to infinitive
I would prefer to live in London ( I’d prefer to live…)
Would rather (‘d rather) + infinitivo sin TO
I would rather live in the country than stay in the city

HAD BETTER ( Dar consejos/ sugerir algo)
Had better ( ‘d better) + infinitivo sin TO
You had better ask your parents for permission
I’d better tell the truth .

UNLESS vs PROVIDED
Unless ( si no/ a no ser que) , verbo en afirmativo porque su significado es

negativo.
She will be sick unless she stops eating fast food.
Provided ( solo si)
They can listen to music provided they disturb nobody
( Pueden escuchar música solo si no molestan a nadie)
I can afford to have a holiday provided that I earn 1500 Euros a month
I could have visited a lot of foreign countries provided that I had earnt 3000
Euros a month.
DIFERENTES ALTERNATIVAS A IF EN LAS CONDICIONALES
UNLESS ( If not) , se usa en cualquiera de las tres condicionales
Unless you study hard , you will fail your final exams
IN CASE ( por si algo sucede)

I will take an umbrela if it rains
I will take an umbrela in case it rains
WHETHER OR NOT ( algo puede / no puede suceder)

I will help him whether or not he needs me( le ayudare tanto si me necesita como si
no)
EVEN IF ( incluso si), expresar énfasis
Even if you apologise, he will never forgive me ( Whether or not you apologise, he will
never forgive you)
AS LONG AS, PROVIDED/PROVIDING THAT, ON CONDITION THAT, ONLY IF
(Se usa para marcar o dar mas énfasis a la condición )usada en cualquier condición
I will tell you what really happened as long as/ only if you can keep the secret
I will lend you the money provided/ on condition (that) you pay me back
SUPPOSE/SUPPOSING ( Imaginando/ suponiendo que / si….)

Supposing I got a job , I woudn’t be able to travel with you next summer
Suppose she doesn’t believe you, what would you do then?

IT IS TIME ( ESTRUCTURAS)
a)It’s time + sujeto + past simple ( es hora de que alguien diferente al hablante
haga otra cosa) : It’s time you started studying for the final exam
b) It’s time +for + complemento/pronombre objeto + infinitivo: it’s time for

the children to stop watching TV
c) It’s time + infinitivo : It’s time to have dinner ready.

COMPARATIVO DE IGUALDAD/ INFERIORIDAD
As + adjetivo grado positivo +as ( Afirmativo/negativo)
Last year’s exam was as easy as the exam we have done today
Last year’s exam wasn’t so easy as the exam we have done today
Last year’s exam wasn’t as easy as the exam…..
Less + adjetivo grado positivo + than
This exercise is less difficult that exercise number 4

THE LEAST + ADJETIVO GRADO POSITIVO IN THE/ OF THE
This is the least difficult exercise I have had in the exam
This is the least difficult exercise of the two exercises we got in the exam
CASOS EXCEPCIONALES DEL COMPARATIVO
Para destacar/subrayar una progresión en la comparación , es necesario la

repetición del adjetivo en su forma comparativa
She is getting prettier and prettier
It’s becoming harder and harder to find a job
Si el adjetivo tiene 3/ + silabas ,se usa more and more
Olive oil is getting more and more expensive

ORACIONES EXCLAMATIVAS
WHAT A/AN_____!
What a bad day it was !! What a lovely girl !!
What bad weather !! What wonderful furniture/ news/ advice !!
What fools we were !! What expensive cars they sell here !!
HOW + ADJETIVO / ADVERBIO / FRASE!
How cold it is today How handsome Melendi is
How this girl has grown!!

EXPRESAR FINALIDAD EN INGLES
Infinitivo + to: I went to England to improve my level of English
In order to / In order not to ( muy formal) : I took off my shoes in order

not to make any noise
So as to: She rushed into the burning house so as to save the old lady
For + verbo en -Ing : The tin opener serves for opening tins and cans
The barometer is used for measuring pressure

I WISH
Se usa para expresar VOLUNTAD + INFINITIVO : I wish to see my boss
Con Pronombre objeto + INFINITIVO ( queremos que otra persona algo)
I wish you to study hard to pass all your exams
Con Past simple ( expresa un deseo irrealizable/ algo soñado que se puede
producir en el presente)
I wish Alejandro passed the official entrance exam
Con Past perfect ( expresa algo que no ha sido posible)
I wish Henry had travelled to England with us
Wish en presente + SUJETO + would + infinitivo (referido a una acción

futura o que quisiéramos que fuese verdad. )
I wish Peter would pass all his exams next September
New york is fascinating, I wish I had more free time to spend two weeks
there. ( deseo irrealizable referido al presente)
NOTA: Esta estructura está relacionada con las CONDICIONALES , pero

solo con la segunda y tercera .
IF ONLY + past tense (expresa un deseo que se puede cumplir en presente)
If only you were with me , I would feel happier
If only I woke up earlier, I would have time to finish my homework
If only + PAST PERFECT ( es un lamento de algo que no se ha hecho)
If only Ines had studied harder, she would have passed with a good mark
INTERROGATIVAS INDIRECTAS
Esto es importante para deducir aquellas preguntas que nos pueden aparecer en
el examen , en la que nos piden que señalemos la correcta/ incorrecta, De ahí
que el WORD ORDER de la oración es algo que tenemos que tener present.
Tienen la misma estructura que cualquier frase afirmativa , por lo tanto no hay
INVERSION ni se utiliza el AUXILIAR DO .
I wonder where those people are living
Si no hay palabra interrogativa , se usa WHETHER o IF . Tenemos en cuenta

que solo WHETHER puede ir seguido de preposiciones y seguido de TO +
infinitivo
I haven’t settled the question of whether I will go back home
She doesn’t know whether to leave now or on Sunday
I don’t know where Marilyn buys her clothes

BE ABLE TO MANAGED TO BE ALLOWED TO
(Habilidad referida al pasado siendo ocasión especifica +TO INFINITIVE
The burglar was able to get in through the bathroom window.
The burglar managed to get in through the bathroom window even

though it was locked
You weren’t allowed to use your mobile phone during the exam
SHALL (FUTURO SIMPLE)
Esta forma solo se usa con los pronombres personales I / we . Es frecuente que
se use en Ingles como una forma de sugerir, es decir, para hacer Sugerencias
y también Ofrecimientos
Don’t worry about the lunch , I shall help you with it
Shall I do the washing up?

SUGERENCIAS
Let’s use your computer Why don’t we go for a walk in the evening?
What about going for a walk in the evening?
How about watching a movie at night?

IMPERATIVO
Open the door, Peter Don’t open the door ,Peter
Let us (Let’s) go for a walk Let’s not go for a walk
Let him play computer games Don’t let him play computer games
PHRASAL VERB CALL
Call off ( cancelar) Call up ( llamar por teléfono)
Call for( requerir/demandar)
Call on( invitar a hablar/ visitar)
Call in( llamar a alguien pidiendo ayuda)
Call back ( devolver llamada telefónica)
Call upon( pedir a alguien que haga algo)
Call out for( pedir algo con urgencia)
Call up for( convocar)

VERBOS CAUSATIVOS:MAKE,GET,HAVE, LET , HELP
IMPORTANTE: Sujeto + cualquiera de estos verbos + sintagma

nominal/pronombre objeto + verbo en infinitivo sin TO
She made her children do their homework ( Ella obligo a sus niños a hacer sus
deberes)
I will help my daughter to tidy the flat
Our boss let us leave the office a quarter of an hour before.
He had his secretary translate the letter into German

ADJETIVOS + PREPOSICION
TO: addicted to + persona/ cosa close to + persona different to/from

+persona/cosa married to rude to similar to
FOR: bad/famous/ good / excellent for +persona/ cosa sorry for+persona
QUESTION TAGS (IMPERATIVO)
Se hacen de forma diferente:
Help me do it, will you?
Let’s try it again, shall we?

INVERSION EN INGLES

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WOULD PREFER - WOULD RATHER ( hablar de preferencias)

Would prefer puede contraer ‘d prefer + to infinitive

I would prefer to live in London ( I’d prefer to live…)

Would rather (‘d rather) + infinitivo sin TO

I would rather live in the country than stay in the city

Had better ( ‘d better) + infinitivo sin TO

You had better ask your parents for permission

I’d better tell the truth .

Unless ( si no/ a no ser que) , verbo en afirmativo porque su significado es

She will be sick unless she stops eating fast food.

Provided ( solo si)

They can listen to music provided they disturb nobody

( Pueden escuchar música solo si no molestan a nadie)

UNLESS ( If not) , se usa en cualquiera de las tres condicionales

IN CASE ( por si algo sucede)

WHETHER OR NOT ( algo puede / no puede suceder)

SUPPOSE/SUPPOSING ( Imaginando/ suponiendo que / si….)

Suppose she doesn’t believe you, what would you do then?

b) It’s time +for + complemento/pronombre objeto + infinitivo: it’s time for

c) It’s time + infinitivo : It’s time to have dinner ready.

As + adjetivo grado positivo +as ( Afirmativo/negativo)

Last year’s exam wasn’t as easy as the exam…..

Less + adjetivo grado positivo + than

This exercise is less difficult that exercise number 4

This is the least difficult exercise I have had in the exam

Para destacar/subrayar una progresión en la comparación , es necesario la

She is getting prettier and prettier

It’s becoming harder and harder to find a job

Si el adjetivo tiene 3/ + silabas ,se usa more and more

Olive oil is getting more and more expensive

What a bad day it was !! What a lovely girl !!

What bad weather !! What wonderful furniture/ news/ advice !!

What fools we were !! What expensive cars they sell here !!

HOW + ADJETIVO / ADVERBIO / FRASE!

How cold it is today How handsome Melendi is

How this girl has grown!!

Infinitivo + to: I went to England to improve my level of English

In order to / In order not to ( muy formal) : I took off my shoes in order

The barometer is used for measuring pressure

Se usa para expresar VOLUNTAD + INFINITIVO : I wish to see my boss

Con Pronombre objeto + INFINITIVO ( queremos que otra persona algo)

I wish you to study hard to pass all your exams

I wish Alejandro passed the official entrance exam

Con Past perfect ( expresa algo que no ha sido posible)

I wish Henry had travelled to England with us

Wish en presente + SUJETO + would + infinitivo (referido a una acción

I wish Peter would pass all his exams next September

NOTA: Esta estructura está relacionada con las CONDICIONALES , pero

IF ONLY + past tense (expresa un deseo que se puede cumplir en presente)

If only you were with me , I would feel happier

If only I woke up earlier, I would have time to finish my homework

If only + PAST PERFECT ( es un lamento de algo que no se ha hecho)

I wonder where those people are living

Si no hay palabra interrogativa , se usa WHETHER o IF . Tenemos en cuenta

I haven’t settled the question of whether I will go back home

She doesn’t know whether to leave now or on Sunday

I don’t know where Marilyn buys her clothes

(Habilidad referida al pasado siendo ocasión especifica +TO INFINITIVE

The burglar was able to get in through the bathroom window.