'Practica Nº4 Pendulo Fis102 (1) Ind
'Practica Nº4 Pendulo Fis102 (1) Ind
'Practica Nº4 Pendulo Fis102 (1) Ind
PRÁCTICA Nº.4
“PENDULO FISICO CON MOVIMIENTO ARMONICO
SIMPLE”
SUCRE – BOLIVIA
2024
I. PARTE TEÓRICA
INTRODUCCIÓN. –
El periodo para una partícula que oscila, se calcula a partir de la segunda ley
de Newton y la ley de Hooke, es decir:
F=ma F=−kx
T =2 π
√ m
k
(1.1)
T = periodo ( s )
2 2
k =constante de proporcionalidad(kg/ s ; g/s ).
m=masadel cuerpo que oscila (kg ; g)
x=elongacion (m; cm)
2 2
a=aceleracion de la paticula (m/s ; cm/s )
1
f = (1.2)
T
Donde;
f=
1
2π √ k
m
(1.3)
f =frecuencia(ciclo /s)
T = periodo( s)
2 2
k =constante de proporcionalidad( kg/ s ; g/ s ).
m=masadel cuerpo que oscila (kg ; g).
ω=2 πf (1.4)
Luego;
2π
ω= (1.5)
2 π √ m/k
ω=√ k /m(1.6)
Donde;
AMPLITUD (A)
x max =A
LEY DE HOOKE
Donde;
F=fuerza recuperadora(N )
k =constante elastica de recuperacion del resorte(N /m)
x=variacion de longitud que experimenta un resorte(m)
L°=longitud delresorte en equilibrio(m)
L=longitud del resorte cuando se ejerceuna fuerza(m)
Para dos resortes o más resortes que obedecen la ley de Hooke, las
constantes elásticas equivalentes son;
N
1 1
=∑ (1.8)
k s i=1 k i
N
k p=∑ k i (1.9)
i=1
Donde
ENERGIA CINETICA
1 2 2 2
E k = m A ω sen ( ωt+ ∅ ) (1.13)
2
1 2 2 2
E p = m A ω cos ( ωt + ∅ ) (1.14 )
2
ET =E K + E P
1 2 2
ET = m A ω =CTTE (1.15)
2
T =2 π
√ m
k
mg
Sabemos que: k=
l
T =2 π
√ l
g
(1.16)
Y la frecuencia será:
f=
1
2π √ g
l
(1.17)
Donde:
T = periodo(s)
l=longitud del pendulo(m ,cm)
2 2
g=aceleracionde la gravedad (m/s cm/s )
f =frecuencia(1/s )
PENDULO FISICA
ω=
√ √
k,
I
=
mgb
I
(1.20)
Y el periodo es
T =2 π
I
√
mgb
(1.21)
Donde:
τ =2 π
I
√
mgb
(1.22)
2
I ≠ I G +m b (1.23)
2
I G=m r (1.24)
2 2
I =m r + mb (1.25)
T =2 π
√ r 2+ b2
gb
(1.26)
II. OBJETIVOS.
Objetivo general.
Objetivos específicos.
Pared de demostración.
Un péndulo físico o compuesto.
Esfera de acero.
Un cronómetro
V. PROCEDIMIENTO.
VI. CALCULOS.
b t1 t2 t3 t4 T 2
T ∗b b
2
g r
(m) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) 2
(S m) (m2) (m/ s2) (m)
0.05 14.87 14.97 14.98 14.82 14.91 11.12 0.003
0.10 13.58 13.54 13.56 13.57 13.56 18.38 0.01
0.15 13.41 13.51 13.23 13.52 13.41 26.97 0.023
0.20 13.33 13.56 13.50 13.36 13.44 36.12 0.04
0.25 13.70 13.99 13.91 13.73 13.83 47.82 0.062
0.30 14.11 14.00 14.00 13.98 14.02 58.96 0.09
7.9 0.184
0.35 14.46 14.69 14.89 14.57 14.65 75.12 0.123
0.40 15.29 15.38 15.56 15.12 15.33 94.00 0.16
0.45 15.47 15.73 15.63 15.59 15.60 109.51 0.203
0.50 16.13 16.51 16.27 16.12 16.25 132.03 0.25
0.55 16.70 16.68 16.78 16.33 16.62 151.92 0.303
0.60 17.24 17.38 17.39 17.30 17.32 179.99 0.36
ΣT
=14.9
12
2
A=r
√ A=r
r =√ 0.034
r =0.184
g
B= 2
4π
2
g=B∗4 π
2
g=0.002∗4 π
g=0.079
t (s ) 0 T /8 T /4 3 T /8 T /2 5T/8 3 T /4 7 T /8 T
x (cm) 10 9.999 9.996 9.991 9.958 9.976 9.966 9.954 9.940
v (cm/s ) 0 -0.057 -0.115 -0.172 -0.230 -0.288 -0.345 -0.402 -0.460
a (cm/ s2) 1.772 1.772 1.771 1.770 1.769 1.768 1.766 1.764 1.761
2π
x= Acos ( ωt ) ω= rad
T
v=− Aωsen ( ωt )
v=−10(0.421)sen (0.421∗0)=0
v=−10 ( 0.421 ) sen ( 0.421∗14.90/8 )=−0.057
v=−10 ( 0.421 ) sen ( 0.421∗14.90/ 4 )=−0.115
v=−10 ( 0.421 ) sen ( 0.421∗3(14.91)/8 ) =−0.172
v=−10 ( 0.421 ) sen ( 0.421∗14.91/2 )=−0.230
v=−10 ( 0.421 ) sen ¿
v=−10 ( 0.421 ) sen ( 0.421∗3(14.91)/4 )=−0.345
v=−10 ( 0.421 ) sen ¿
v=−10 ( 0.421 ) sen ( 0.421∗14.90 )=−0.460
2
a= A ω co s ( ωt )
2
a=10 ( 0.421 ) cos ( 0.421∗0 )=1.772
2
a=10 ( 0.421 ) cos ( 0.421∗14.91 /8 )=1.772
2
a=10 ( 0.421 ) cos ( 0.421∗14.91 /4 )=1.771
2
a=10 ( 0.421 ) cos ( 0.421∗3(14.91)/ 8 )=1.770
2
a=10 ( 0.421 ) cos ( 0.421∗14.91 /2 )=1.769
2
a=10 ( 0.421 ) cos ¿
2
a=10 ( 0.421 ) cos ( 0.421∗3(14.91)/ 4 )=1.766
2
a=10 ( 0.421 ) cos ( 0.421∗7(14.91)/ 8 )=1.764
2
a=10 ( 0.421 ) cos ( 0.421∗14.91 )=1.761
TABLA No3 GRAFICAR LA ENERGIA CINETICA, POTENCIAL Y TOTAL
EN FUNCION DE LA ELONGACION (Interpretar gráficamente)
t (s ) 0 T /8 T /4 3 T /8 T /2 5T/8 3 T /4 7 T /8 T
x (cm) 10 9.999 9.996 9.991 9.958 9.976 9.966 9.954 9.940
1 2 2 2
E k = m A ω sin (ωt)
2
1 2 2 2
E k = ( 1593.5 ) (10 ) ( 0.421 ) sen (0.421∗0) =0
2
1 2 2 2
E k = ( 1593.5 ) (10 ) ( 0.421 ) sen (0.421∗14.91/8) =7050.11
2
1 2 2 2
E k = ( 1593.5 ) (10 ) ( 0.421 ) sen (0.421∗14.91/4) =14121.64
2
1 2 2 2
E k = ( 1593.5 ) (10 ) ( 0.421 ) sen (0.421∗3(14.91)/8) =7093.01
2
1 2 2 2
E k = ( 1593.5 ) (10 ) ( 0.421 ) sen (0.421∗14.91/2) =0.13
2
1 2 2 2
E k = ( 1593.5 ) (10 ) ( 0.421 ) sen (0.421∗5(14.91)/8) =7007.21
2
1 2 2
E k = ( 1593.5 ) (10 ) ( 0.421 ) sen ¿¿
2
1 2 2 2
E k = ( 1593.5 ) (10 ) ( 0.421 ) sen (0.421∗7(14.91)/8) =7135.90
2
1 2 2 2
E k = ( 1593.5 ) (10 ) ( 0.421 ) sen (0.421∗14.91) =0.5312
2
1 2 2 2
E p = m A ω cos (ωt)
2
1 2 2 2
E p = ( 1593.5 ) (10 ) ( 0.421 ) cos ( 0.421∗0 ) =14121.67
2
1 2 2 2
E p = ( 1593.5 ) (10 ) ( 0.421 ) cos ( 0.421∗14.91/8 ) =7071.56
2
1 2 2 2
E p = ( 1593.5 ) (10 ) ( 0.421 ) cos ( 0.421∗14.91/4 ) =0.032
2
1 2 2 2
E p = ( 1593.5 ) (10 ) ( 0.421 ) cos ( 0.421∗3(14.91)/8 ) =7028.66
2
1 2 2 2
E p = ( 1593.5 ) (10 ) ( 0.421 ) cos ( 0.421∗14.91/2 ) =14121.54
2
1 2 2 2
E p = ( 1593.5 ) (10 ) ( 0.421 ) cos ( 0.421∗5(14.91)/8 ) =7114.45
2
1 2 2 2
E p = ( 1593.5 ) (10 ) ( 0.421 ) cos ( 0.421∗3(14.91)/4 ) =0.293
2
1 2 2 2
E p = ( 1593.5 ) (10 ) ( 0.421 ) cos ( 0.421∗7(14.91)/8 ) =6985.77
2
1 2 2
ET = m A ω es ctte .
2
1 2 2
ET = ( 1593.5 ) ( 10 ) ( 0.421 ) =14121.67
2
T ∗b
2
b
2
(T ∗b)
2 2 ( T 2∗b )∗b2
2
( Σ b )(Σ ( T ∗b ) )−(Σ T ∗b)( ( ΣT ∗b )∗b ) ( 1.63 ) ( 107635.98 )−(941.94)(200.89)
2 2 2 2 2
A= 2 2 2 2
= 2
nΣ(T ∗b) −(ΣT ∗b) 12 ( 107635.98 )−(941.94)
A=0.034
132.03 0.29
151.92 0.33
179.99 0.39
2 ,
(b ) =0.034+ 0.002∗36.12=0.10
,
( b 2 ) =0.034+ 0.002∗47.82=0.12
2 ,
(b ) =0.034+ 0.002∗58.96=0.15
2 ,
(b ) =0.034+ 0.002∗75.12=0.18
2 ,
(b ) =0.034+ 0.002∗94.00=0.22
2 ,
(b ) =0.034+ 0.002∗109.51=0.25
,
( b 2 ) =0.034+ 0.002∗132.03=0.29
2 ,
(b ) =0.034+ 0.002∗151.92=0.33
2 ,
(b ) =0.034+ 0.002∗179.99=0.39
VII. CONCLUSIONES.
VIII. RECOMENDACIONES.