UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL DE MOQUEGUA

EJERCICIOS RESUELTOS DE:

PUNTO FIJO
NEWTON RAPHSON
CURSO:
METODOS NUMERICOS

DOCENTE:
RAMOS TEJEDA, JOSE LUIS

ELAVORADO POR:
Apaza Quispe Luis Enrique

ESCUELA PROFESIONAL:
ING. AMBIENTAL
EJERCICIO 1.
Considere el siguiente sistema no lineal

F ( x , y ) =x e y −1

G ( x , y )=x 2 +4 y 2−4
Se pide:

a) halle los cuadrantes solución.

( a , b )=(1,2) ( c , d )=(0 ,−1)

( x ¿ ¿ o , y o )=(1,5 ;−0.5) ¿

b) hallar la solución del sistema, con una precisión de 0.001.

F ( x , y ) =x e y −1
F ( x , y ) =0
x e y −1=0
x=e− y

G ( x , y )=x 2 +4 y 2−4
x 2+ 4 y 2−4=0
x 2+ 4 y 2=4
x2 y 2
+ =1
22 12

ITERACIÓN 1

( x ¿ ¿ o , y o )=(1,5 ;−0.5) ¿
Derivando
F ( x , y ) =x e y −1
G ( x , y )=x 2 +4 y 2−4
Fx=e y
Fy=x e y
Gx=2 x
Gy=8 y

F ( 1.5 ; ‐ 0.5 )=x e y −1=−0.0902

G ( 1.5; ‐ 0.5 )=x 2 +4 y 2−4=−0.75
Fx ( 1.5 ; ‐ 0.5 ) =e y =0.6065
Fy ( 1.5 ; ‐ 0.5 )=x e y =1.5
Gx ( 1.5 ; ‐ 0.5 ) =2 x=3
Gy ( 1.5 ; ‐ 0.5 ) =8 y=−4
FGy−GFy
x i+1=x i−
FxGy−GxFy

(−0.0902∗−4 )−(−0.75∗1.5 )
x 1=1.5−
( 0.6065∗−4 )−( 3∗1.5 )
x 1=1.7023

E=|x 1−x o|
E=|1.7023−1.5|
E=0.2023

GFx−FGx
y i+1 = y i−
FxGy −GxFy

(−0.75∗0.6065 )−(−0.0902∗3)
y 1=−0.5−
( 0.6065∗−4 )−( 3∗1.5 )

y 1=−0.5357

E=| y 1− y o|
E=|−0.5357−(−0.5)|
E=0.0357
ITERACIÓN 2

x 1=1.7023 y 1=−0.5357

F ( 1.7023 ;−0.5357 )=x e y −1=−0.0054

G ( 1.7023;−0.5357 )=x 2+ 4 y 2−4=0.0530
Fx ( 1.7023 ;−0.5357 )=e y =0.5843
Fy ( 1.7023 ;−0.5357 )=x e y =0.9946
Gx ( 1.7023 ;−0.5357 )=2 x=3.4046
Gy ( 1.7023 ;−0.5357 )=8 y =−4.2992

(−0.0054∗−4 .299 )− ( 0.0530∗0.9946 )

x 2=1.5− x 2=1.6973
( 0.5843∗−4 .299 )−( 3 .4046∗0.9946 )

E=|1.6973−1.7023|
E=0.0050

( 0.0530∗0.5843 )−(−0.0054∗3 .4046)

y 2=−0.5−
( 0.5843∗−4 .299 )−( 3 .4046∗0.9946 )

y 2=−0.5290

E=|−0.5290−(−0.5357)|
E=0.0084

ITERACIÓN 3
x 2=1.6973 y 2=−0.5290

F ( 1.6973 ;−0.5290 )=x e y −1=−0.0004

G ( 1.6973;−0.5290 ) =x2 + 4 y 2−4=0.0002
Fx ( 1.6973 ;−0.5290 )=e y =0.5892
Fy ( 1.6973 ;−0.5290 )=x e y =1
Gx ( 1.6973 ;−0.5290 )=2 x=3.3946
Gy ( 1.6973 ;−0.5290 )=8 y=−4.2320

(−0.0004∗−4 .2320 ) −( 0.0002∗1 )

x 3=1.5− x =1.6973
(−4 .2320∗−4 .2320 )−( 3 .4046∗1 ) 3
E=|1.6973−1.7023|
E=0.0050

( 0.0002∗0.5892 ) −(−0.0054∗−0.0004)
y 3=−0.5−
( 0.5892∗−4 .2320 )− (3 .4046∗1 )

y 3=−0.5290

E=|−0.5290−(−0.5357)|
E=0.0084

EJERCICIO 2
x−1 − x
CONSIDERE LA FUNCION: F ( x )= −e
x

a) estudiar gráficamente el número de raíces de la función f ( x ).

b) Estudiar si el método de punto fijo converge a algunas de las raíces si es así
encuéntrelas con dos dígitos correcto redondeo a 4 decimales.

(a,b) = (1,2) x o=1.5 x−1 −x

−e =0
x
x−1 − x
Sea: f ( x )= −e
x x−1=x e− x

F ( x )=0 x=x e−x +1

g ( x )=x e− x + 1 E=|x 1−x o|
E=|1.3347−1.5|=0.1653
g ´ ( x )=e−x −x e− x
ITERACION 2
|g ´ ( x o )|<1
x 1=1.3347
e−1,5 −1.5 e−1.5 =0.11157<1
x 2=1.3347 e−1.3347 +1=1.3511
ITERACION 1

x o=1.5 E=|1.3511−1.3347|=0.0164

ITERACION 3
x n+1=g ( x o )
x 2=1.3511
g ( x )=x e− x + 1
−1.5
x 3=1.3511 e−1.3511 +1=1.3499
x 1=1.5 e +1=1.3347
E=|1.3499−1.3511|=0.0012

Se obtiene una raíz de: x=1.3499

EJERCICIO 3

Considere la función

F ( x )=x 3−x−1

a) Determinar el número de raíces positivas y el número de raíces negativas,

b) Mediante el método de punto fijo aproximar una de sus raíces, cuantas
interacciones son necesarias para un error menor que una milésima.

F ( x )=x 3−x−1
x 3=x +1

(a,b) = (0,2) x o=0.5

Sea: x=√3 x+ 1

g ( x )=√3 x+1

1
g ´ ( x )= 2/ 3
3 ( x +1 )

|g ´ ( x o )|<1
1
g ´ ( x o )=
| |
3 ( 0.5+1 )2 /3
=0.3669<1

ITERACION 1
Precisión de 0.001 E=|x 1−x o|
E=|1.3180−1.2896|=0.0284
x o=0.5 ITERACION 4

x n+1=g ( x o ) x 3=1.3180
x 4 =√3 1.3180+1=1.3234
g ( x )=√3 x+1
E=|x 1−x o|
3
x 1=√ 0.5+1=1.1447 E=|1.3234−1.3180|=0.0054

E=|x 1−x o| ITERACION 5

E=|1.1447−0.5|=0.6447
x 4 =1.3234
ITERACION 2 x 5=√3 1.3234+1=1.3245

x 1=1.1447 E=|x 1−x o|

x 2=√3 1.1447+1=1.2896 E=|1.3245−1.3234|=0.0011

E=|x 1−x o| ITERACION 6

E=|1.2896−1.1447|=0.1449
x 5=1.3245
ITERACION 3 x 6=√3 1.3245+1=1.3247

x 2=1.2896 E=|x 1−x o|

3
x 3=√ 1.2896+1=1.3180 E=|1.3247−1.3245|=0.0002
Se obtiene una raíz de: x=1.3247

EJERCICIO 4

Use el método de newton para resolver, precisión 0.001

2−e x + x 2
x=
3

(a,b) = (1,2) x o=1.5

2−e x + x 2
Derivando F ( x )=
3
2 x −e x
F ´ ( x )=
3
2−e x
F ´ ´ ( x )=
3

2−e x + x 2 2−e1.5 +1.52

F ( 1.5 ) = = =−0.0772
3 3
2 x−e x 2∗1.5−e1.5
F ´ ( 1.5 ) = = =−0.4939
3 3
2−e x 2−e1.5
F ´ ´ ( 1.5 )= = =−0.8272
3 3

F ´ ´ ( x 0 )∗F ( x 0 ) −0.8272∗−0.0772
2
= 2
=0.2618<1
[ F ´ ( x0 )] [ −0.4939 ]

ITERACION 1
x o=1.5
 F ( x0 )
x 1=x 0−
F ´ ( x0 )
−0.0772
x 1=1.5− =1.3437
−0.4939

E=|x 1−x o|
E=|1.3437−1.5|=0.1563

ITERACION 2
x 1=1.3437
2−e x + x 2 2−e1.3437 +1.34372
F ( 1.3437 ) = = =−0.0092
3 3
2 x−e x 2∗1.3437−e 1.3437
F ´ ( 1.3437 ) = = =−0.3819
3 3

−0.0092
x 2=1.3437− =1.3196
−0.3819
E=|1.3196−1.3437|=0.0241

ITERACION 3
x 1=1.3196
2−e x + x 2 2−e1.3196 +1.31962
F ( 1.3196 ) = = =−0.0002
3 3
2 x−e x 2∗1.3196−e 1.3196
F ´ ( 1.3196 ) = = =−0.3676
3 3

−0.0002
x 3=1.3196− =1.3191
−0.3676
E=|1.3191−1.3196|=0.0005

Se obtiene una raíz de: x=1.3191

EJERCICIO 5

Use el método de newton para resolver, precisión 0.001

3 x 2−e x =0
 R1
(a,b) = (3,4) x o=3.7
Derivando F ( x )=3 x 2−e x

F ´ ( x )=6 x 2−e x
F ´ ´ ( x )=6−e x

F ( 3.7 )=3 x2 −e x =3 ¿ 3.72−e3.7 =0.6227

F ´ ( 3.7 )=6 x 2−e x =6∗3.7 2−e 3.7=−18.2473
F ´ ´ ( 3.7 ) =6−e x =6−e 3.7=−34.4473

F ´ ´ ( x 0 )∗F ( x 0 ) −34.4473∗0.6227
2
= 2
=0.0644 <1
F ´
[ ( 0)] x [−18.2473 ]

ITERACION 1
x o=1.5
F ( x0 )
x 1=x 0−
F ´ ( x0 )
0.6227
x 1=3.7− =3.7341
−18.2473

E=|x 1−x o|
E=|3.7341−3.7|=0.0341

ITERACION 2
x 1=3.7341

F ( 3.7341 )=3 x 2−e x =3 ¿3.73412 −e3.7341 =−0.0198

F ´ ( 3.7341 )=6 x 2−e x =6∗3.73412−e 3.3.73417=−19.4457

−0.0198
x 2=3.7341− =3.7331
−19.4457
 E=|3.7331−3.7341|=0.001

Se obtiene una raíz de: x=3.7331

R2

3 x 2−e x =0

(a,b) = (0.5,1.5) x o=0.3

Derivando F ( x )=3 x 2−e x

F ´ ( x )=6 x 2−e x
F ´ ´ ( x )=6−e x

F ( 0.3 )=3 x2 −e x =3 ¿ 0.32−e0.3 =−0.8987

F ´ ( 0.3 ) =6 x 2−e x =6∗0.3 2−e 0.3=1.3513
F ´ ´ ( 0.3 ) =6−e x =6−e 0.3=4.3513

F ´ ´ ( x 0 )∗F ( x 0 ) 4.3513∗−0.8987
2
= 2
=−2.1416<1
[ F ´ ( x0 )] [ 1.3513 ]

ITERACION 1
x o=0.3
F ( x0 )
x 1=x 0−
F ´ ( x0 )
−0.8987
x 1=0.3− =1.1651
1.3513

E=|x 1−x o|
E=|1.1651−0.3|=0.6651

ITERACION 2
x 1=1.1651
 F ( 1.1651 )=3 x 2−e x =3 ¿1.16512−e1.1651 =0.8661
F ´ ( 1.1651 )=6 x 2−e x =6∗1.16512−e 1.1651=3.7841

0.8661
x 2=1.1651− =0.9577
3.7841
E=|0.9577−1.1651|=0.2074

ITERACION 3
x 2=0.9577

F ( 0.9577 )=3 x 2−e x =3 ¿ 0.95772 −e 0.9577=0.1459

F ´ (0.9577)=6 x 2−e x =6∗0.95772−e 0.9577 =3.1405

0.1459
x 3=0.9577− =0.9112
3.1405
E=|0.9112−0.9577|=0.0465

ITERACION 4
x 3=0.9112

F ( 0.9112 )=3 x 2−e x =3 ¿ 0.91122 −e 0.9112=0.0036

F ´ (0.9112)=6 x 2−e x =6∗0.91122−e 0.9112=3.7844

0.0036
x 3=0.9112− =0.9099
0.0036
E=|0.9099−0.9112|=0.0013

ITERACION 5
x 4 =0.9099
F ( 0.9099 ) =3 x2 −e x =3 ¿ 0.90992−e0.9099 =−0.0003
F ´ (0.9099)=6 x 2−e x =6∗0.90992 −e 0.9099=2.9753

−0.0003
x 5=0.9099− =0.9100
2.9753
E=|0.9100−0.9099|=0.0001

Se obtiene una raíz de: x=0.9100

EJERCICIO 6

e t +2−t +2 cos ( t ) =6
e t +2−t +2 cos ( t ) −6=0

et 2−t 2 cos ( t ) 6
+ + − =0
6 6 6 6

et 2−t cos ( t )
+ + −1
6 6 3

Evaluamos el grafico y determinamos las raíces positivas y negativas

Analizando el grafico obtenemos dos raíces:

R 1→ ( a , b ) =( 1.5; 2.5 ) → t=1.8294
R 2→ ( a , b ) =(−2.5 ;−3.5 ) → t=−2.9865

Comprobamos R2 con Newton

(a,b) = (1.5;2.5) t o=2

Garantizamos la convergencia
Derivamos F ( t )=e t +2−t +2 co s ( t ) −6

F ´ ( t )=e t −ln 2∗2−t−2 sin( t)

F ´ ( t )=e t −ln 2 2∗2−t −2 cos (t )

F ( 2 )=et +2−t +2 co s ( t )−6=e 2+ 2−2+ 2 co s ( 2 ) −6=3.6378

F ´ ( 2 )=et −ln 2∗2−t −2 sin ( t )=e2−ln 2∗2−2−2sin ( 2 )=7.1459
F ´ ´ ( 2 )=et −ln 2 2∗2−t−2cos (t )=e2−ln 2 2∗2−2−2cos ( 2 ) =5.2169

F ´ ´ ( t 0)∗F ( t 0 ) 5.2169∗3.6378
2
= 2
=0.3717<1
[ F ´ ( t0 ) ] [ 7.1459 ]
ITERACIÓN1 t 0=2

F ( 2 )=et +2−t +2 co s ( t )−6=0.80676243

F ´ (2)=et −ln2 ×2−t−2 sin(x )=5.39717445

F ( t0 )
t 1=t 0−
F ´ ( t0 )
0.8068
t 1=2− =1.8505
5.3972

E=|t 1−t o|
E=|1.8505−2|=0.1495

ITERACIÓN2 t 1=1.8505

F ( 1.8505 )=et +2−t +2 co s ( t )−6=¿4.2487

F ´ (1.8505)=e t−ln2 ×2−t−2 sin ( x )=1.8298

4.2487
t 2=1.8505− =1.8298
1.8298
E=|1.8298−1.8505|=0.0207

ITERACIÓN3 t 2=1.8298

F ( 1.8298 ) =et +2−t +2 co s ( t )−6=0.00151

F ´ (1.8298)=e t−ln2 ×2−t−2 sin ( x )=4.1040

0.00151
t 3=1.8505− =1.8294
4.1040
E=|1.8294−1.8298|=0.0004

ITERACIÓN4 t 3=1.8294

F ( 1.8294 )=e t +2−t +2 co s (t )−6=4.6447E-07

F ´ 1.8294 ¿=e t−ln 2× 2−t −2sin ( x )=4.1015
 4.6447E-07
t 4=1.8294− =1.8294
4.1015
E=|1.8294−1.8294|=0.0000

EJERCICIO 7

t 2+10 cos (t)=0

Evaluamos el grafico y determinamos las raíces positivas y negativas

Analizando el grafico obtenemos cuatro raíces:

R 1→ ( a , b ) =( 3 ; 4 ) → t=3.1619
R 2→ ( a , b ) =( 1.5; 2.5 ) → t=1.9688
R 3 → ( a , b )=(−1.5 ; 2.5 ) →t=−1.9688
R 4 → ( a , b ) =(−3 ;−4 ) → t=−3.1619

Comprobamos R2 con Newton

(a,b) = (1.5;2.5) t o=2

Garantizamos la convergencia

Derivamos F ( x )=t 2 +10 cos(t )

F ´ ( t )=2 t−sin ⁡( t)
F ´ ´ ( t )=2−cos ⁡( t)

F ( 2 )=t 2 +10 cos( t)=22 +10 cos(2)=13.9939

F ´ ( 2 )=2t−sin ( t )=2∗2−sin ⁡(2)=3.9651
F ´ ´ ( 2 )=2−cos ⁡(t)=2−cos ⁡(2)=1.0006

F ´ ´ ( t 0)∗F ( t 0 ) 1.0006∗13.9939
2
= 2
=0.8906<1
[ F ´ ( t0 ) ] [ 3.9651 ]

ITERACIÓN1 t 0=2
F ( 2 )=t 2 +10 cos( t)=−0.1615
F ´ (2)=2t−10 sin(t)=−5.0929

−0.1615
t 1=2− =1.9683
−5.0929
E=|1.9683−2|=0.0317

ITERACIÓN 2 t 1=1.9683

F ( 1.9683 )=t 2 +10 cos( t)=0.0030

F ´ (1.9683)=2t−10 sin( t)=−5.2837

0.0030
t 2=1.9683− =1.9689
−5.2837
E=|1.9689−1.9683|=0.0006

ITERACIÓN3 t 2=1.9689

F ( 1.9689 )=t 2 +10 cos( t)=9.7727E-07

F ´ (1.9689)=2t−10 sin(t)=−5.2803

9.7727E-07
t 3=1.9689− =1.9689
−5.2803
E=|1.9689−1.9689|=0.0000