Material de Clase4. English I
Material de Clase4. English I
Material de Clase4. English I
superlativos
Comparatives:
Usamos los adjetivos en grado comparativo cuando queremos comparar dos cosas o dos
personas. Al compararlas, decimos que una de ellas destaca sobre la otra. Decimos que
algo o alguien es “más……. que”. Lo más importante para formar adjetivos
comparativos es ver si el adjetivo es largo o corto. Más adelante veremos unas reglas
para ver esto más claro, pero ahora veremos las reglas básicas.
Adjetivo Comparativos
Corto adj+er than
Old older than
Largo more adj than
Difficult more difficult than
Consideramos adjetivos largos a aquellos que tienen dos sílabas o más. Aquí no
añadimos “er”, sino que escribimos “more” delante del adjetivo (al que no le hacemos
nada), y luego también le añadimos “than” al final.
Es lógico que tengas dudas en los adjetivos de dos sílabas, pero no te preocupes, luego
podrás ver unas reglas que te ayudaran a estudiar esos adjetivos.
Usamos los adjetivos en grado superlativo cuando queremos comparar más de dos cosas
o dos personas. Al compararlas, decimos que una de ellas destaca sobre todas las demás.
Decimos que algo o alguien es “lo más, la más, el más…”. Lo más importante para
formar adjetivos comparativos es ver si el adjetivo es largo o corto. Más adelante
veremos unas reglas para ver esto más claro, pero ahora veremos las reglas básicas.
Adjetivo Superlativos
Corto the adj+est
Small the smallest
Largo the most adj
Expensive the most expensive
Consideramos adjetivos largos a aquellos que tienen dos sílabas o más. Aquí no
añadimos “est”, sino que escribimos “most” delante del adjetivo (al que no le hacemos
nada), y también le añadimos el artículo “the” al principio (delante de “most”).
Es lógico que tengas dudas en los adjetivos de dos sílabas, pero no te preocupes, luego
podrás ver unas reglas que te ayudaran a estudiar esos adjetivos.
Adjetivos irregulares:
Hay algunos adjetivos que no siguen las reglas de adjetivos largos o cortos. Estos
adjetivos no siguen ninguna regla y hay que aprendérselos de memoria.
Aquí están las reglas principales para estos adjetivos. Estúdiatelas bien porque no sólo
las verás este curso, sino que volverás a verlas más veces. Cuando antes te las aprendas,
este tema te resultará facilísimo. ¡¡Animo!! Verás que es muy sencillo.
1. Adjetivos monosílabos.
Aplicamos la regla de añadir “er” a los comparativos y “est” a los superlativos.
Al comparar dos cosas o personas podemos decir que una de ellas es “más” o “menos”
que la otra. Pero hay veces en las que queremos que ambas cosas son iguales. Para esto
utilizamos los comparativos de igualdad.
Yo puedo decir:
O puedo decir:
Mi pelo es tan largo como el tuyo.
My hair is as long as yours.
“Too” – Lo ponemos delante de un adjetivo, con ello queremos decir que hay un exceso
de algo, es decir demasiado.
“Enough” – Lo ponemos detrás de un adjetivo, y con ello queremos decir que algo es
suficiente, y lo raducimos por suficientemente. Si utilizamos la forma negativa de
enough (not + adj + enough), queremos decir que algo es insuficiente, y lo traducimos
por no lo basante o por no suficientemente.
a. This building is very old. It’s the oldest building in the town.
c. Who is more independent than / the most independent person you know?
d. These sofas are more comfortable than / the most comfortable ours.
Exercise 1:
Answer these questions:
Who is taller, Lassie or Lady?
Who is older, Lassie or Lady?
Exercise 2:
Make these adjectives into comparative adjectives:
rarerichold
largepoorwet
Longer adjectives (adjectives that have three or more syllables) (e.g. expensive, comfortable) take more.
Here is a list of some longer adjectives (adjectives that have three or more syllables) that take more.
expensive comfortable dangerous frightening
beautiful powerful fashionable
wer in Toronto. The CN Tower Toronto is taller than the Sears Tower and the Taipei 101. The Sears Tower is not as tall as the CN Tower
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Go and Anna Grammar are the registered trade marks of English To Go Ltd. email: [email protected]
A few adjectives are irregular (they do not follow the same rules as other adjectives for comparative or superlative forms.)
good better, bad worse
se 3:
hese adjectives into a comparative adjective. (They are short adjectives or two-syllable adjectives that take -er.) Hint: be very careful wit
le is(cheap) than a hamburger.
le is(healthy) than a burger.
le is(heavy) than a burger.
people think a burger is(tasty) than an apple.
s are(happy) when their children eat apples.
are(good) for you than hamburgers.
Exercise 4:
M.ake each adjective in the brackets into a comparative adjective using more. These are all long adjectives.
A cobra is(dangerous) than a mouse.
A cobra is(difficult) to keep than a mouse.
A hippo is(powerful) than a cobra.
A hippo is(frightening) than a mouse.
A hippo is(expensive) than a cobra.
Superlative Adjectives
Sometimes we want to say that something is the most. When we do this, we use a superlative adjective e.g. the coldest.
d singing songs. Zoe is the naughtiest - she is the youngest and everyone is very kind to her. William is the funniest - he always makes
derful children in
Exercise 5:
Answer these questions:
1. Who is the oldest grandchild?
2. Who is the youngest grandchild?
3. Who is the smartest grandchild?
4. Who is the naughtiest grandchild?
5. Who is the funniest grandchild?
6. Who are the most wonderful children in the world?
Short adjectives (e.g. fat, tall) take the -est. tall the tallest.
Here is a list of short adjectives (adjectives that have one syllable) that take the
-est. tall big* cold old large**
rare rich poor young fat* wet
* Some consonants are doubled. big the biggest, fat the fattest. ** e is not doubled. larger the largest.
© 2007 English To Go Ltd. All rights reserved. Not to be reproduced or stored in any way without the permission of English To Go Ltd. http://www.english-to-go.com English To Go
and Anna Grammar are the registered trade marks of English To Go Ltd. email: [email protected]
Exercise 6:
Make these adjectives into superlative adjectives: rare, rich
large, poor
, old ,
, wet
Long adjectives (adjectives that have three or more syllables) (e.g. expensive, comfortable) take the most.
expensive the most expensive.
Here is a list of longer adjectives (adjectives that have three or more syllables) that take the most.
expensive comfortable dangerous frightening
beautiful powerful fashionable
Most adjectives with two syllables take the most e.g careful, hopeful but some take -est.
Here are some two-syllable adjectives that take the most.
upset modern boring
Here are some two-syllable adjectives that take the -est.
narrow naughty simple* *e is not doubled. simple simplest
Most adjectives ending in y have two syllables, and they end in the -iest e.g. happy the happiest, funny the funniest.
Adjectives ending -ly take the -iest. e.g. lovely the loveliest.
Exercise 7:
Make each adjective in the brackets into a superlative adjective.
This is a photo of some of my shoes. I love shoes.
I love the pink ones with the bows - they are the
shoes (cheap) I have but they are very comfortable - maybe the(comfortable) shoes I have.
The blue shoes are(fashionable) shoes I have.
I always feel I am the(beautiful) woman in the room when I wear them!
I wear the black shoes at work when I want people to think that I have the(good) ideas.
Answer Key:
Exercise 1:
1. Lady, 2.
Lady Exercise
2:
i rarer, richer, older, larger, poorer,
wetter. Exercise 3:
1. cheaper, 2. healthier, 3. heavier, 4. tastier, 5. happier, 6.
better. Exercise 4:
1. more dangerous, 2. more difficult, 3. more powerful, 4. more frightening, 5. more expensive.
Exercise 5:
1. William, 2. Zoe, 3. Emily, 4. Zoe, 5. William, 6. her grandchildren (Emily, Zoe and William).
Exercise 6:
rarest, richest, oldest, largest, poorest,
wettest. Exercise 7:
cheapest, most comfortable, most fashionable, most beautiful, best.
AGW070704F
Adjectives - Comparatives and Superlatives
An Elementary Grammar Worksheet from Anna Grammar™
Comparative Adjectives
To compare two things, we use a comparative adjective e.g. talltaller.
Here’s a photo of three giraffes.
The tallest giraffe is Stevie. Spotty and Allie are shorter than Stevie and Allie is shorter than Spotty.
Exercise 1:
Answer these questions. Which giraffe is a.?
Which giraffe is b.? Which giraffe is c.?
Most adjectives ending in y have two syllables and end in -ier e.g. happy happier, funny funnier
Adjectives ending in ly take -ier e.g. silly sillier.
We use a comparative adjective + than to say that something is more X. Spotty is taller than Allie.
We use not + as and an adjective to say something isn't as X as something. Allie is not as tall as Spotty.
A few adjectives are irregular (they do not follow the same rules as other adjectives for comparative or superlative forms.)
good better,bad worse
Exercise 2:
Make these adjectives into a comparative adjective.
A T. Rex dinosaur was probably(fierce) than a triceratops dinosaur.
A brontosaurus was(tall) than a T.Rex dinosaur.
A triceratops was probably(good) at defending itself than a brontosaurus.
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Exercise 2:
Make each adjective in the brackets into a comparative adjective.
The Alsatian dog is(intelligent) than a spaniel.
The poodle is(fluffy) than the other two dogs.
The Alsatian is(powerful) than most other dogs.
The spaniel is(popular) with families than most other dogs.
The Alsatian is(fast) than other dogs.
Superlative Adjectives
Sometimes we want to say that something is the most. When we do this, we use a superlative adjective e.g. the coldest.
Exercise 3:
Answer these questions about the fruit:
Which fruit in group 1 do you think is the most expensive to buy?
Which fruit in group 1 do you think is the juiciest?
Which fruit in group 2 do you think is the sourest?
Which fruit in group 2 do you think is the healthiest?
Which fruit in group 3 do you think is the most useful?
Which fruit in group 3 do you think grows in the coldest places?
Short adjectives (e.g. fat, tall) take the -est. tall the tallest.
Here is a list of short adjectives (adjectives that have one syllable) that take the -est.
tall big* cold old large** rare rich poor young fat* wet
* Some consonants are doubled. big the biggest, fat the fattest. ** e is not doubled. larger the largest.
Long adjectives (adjectives that have three or more syllables) (e.g. expensive, comfortable) take the most.
expensive the most expensive.
Here is a list of longer adjectives (adjectives that have three or more syllables) that take the most.
expensive comfortable dangerous frightening beautiful powerful fashionable
Most adjectives with two syllables take the most e.g careful, hopeful but some take -est.
Here are some two-syllable adjectives that take the most.
upset modern boring
Here are some two-syllable adjectives that take the -est.
narrow naughty simple* *e is not doubled. simple simplest
Most adjectives ending in y have two syllables, and they end in the -iest e.g. happy the happiest, funny the funniest.
Adjectives ending -ly take the -iest. e.g. lovely the loveliest.
Superlative forms of irregular adjectives: good best bad worst
Exercise 4:
Make each adjective in the brackets into a superlative adjective.
These are my three good friends, Suzy, Jana and Kate. Suzy is the clever one. My math teacher thinks she is the 1.
(brainy) student in the class and she’s always winning prizes. She usually asks the 2.(intelligent) questions.
Jana is the 3.(dreamy) of my friends. She is often thinking about other things and she writes the 4.(lovely) stories and poems.
Kate is the 5.(cheerful) in my group. She tells the 6.
(funny) jokes and says the 7.(silly) things. She sends me the
8.(crazy) text messages.
Answer Key:
Exercise 1: a. Allie, b. Spotty, C. Stevie. Exercise 2: 1. fiercer, 2. taller, 3. better, 4. more intelligent, 5. fluffier, 6. more powerful, 7. more popular, 8.
faster.
Exercise 3: Answers will vary. Exercise 4: 1. brainiest, 2. most intelligent, 3. dreamiest, 4. loveliest, 5. most cheerful, 6. funniest, 7. silliest, 8. craziest. AGW070710F
© 2007 English To Go Ltd. All rights reserved. Not to be reproduced or stored in any way without the permission of English To Go Ltd. http://www.english-to-go.com English To Go
and Anna Grammar are the registered trade marks of English To Go Ltd. email: [email protected]