EJEMPLO N° 1:

PA ≔ 73.60 tonne PB ≔ 142.98 tonne

Sep ≔ 4 m (Separacion columna a columna)

Dcol ≔ 0.4 m (Dimencion de las Columnas)
hf ≔ 1.6 m (Profundidad de fundacion)
1) PREDIMENSIONAMIENTO :
P ≔ PA + PB P = 216.58 tonne

ΣMo ＝ 0
⎛ Dcol ⎞ ⎛ Dcol ⎞
PA ⋅ ⎜――⎟ + PB ⋅ ⎜――+ Sep⎟ ＝ P ⋅ x
⎝ 2 ⎠ ⎝ 2 ⎠

PA ⋅ ⎛⎝Dcol ⋅ 0.5⎞⎠ + PB ⋅ ⎛⎝Dcol ⋅ 0.5 + Sep⎞⎠

x ≔ ―――――――――――――
P
x = 2.841 m

Donde B≔2⋅x B = 5.68 m

:
SI:
kg
admσ ≔ 2.4 ――
2
cm
tonne
σneto ≔ 0.85 ⋅ admσ σneto = 20.4 ―――
2
m

P 2
Anec ≔ ―― Anec = 10.62 m
σneto
Anec
Anec ＝ B ⋅ A A ≔ ―― A = 1.87 m
B
Asumiendo una dimension entera maxima de A: A ≔ 2 m
2
Area ≔ A ⋅ B = 11.363 m (Area de la base de la zap. combinada)
VUx ≔ B − Sep − Dcol VUx = 1.28 m
A − Dcol
VUy ≔ ――― VUy = 0.8 m
2

Vmax ≔ ‖ if VUx > VUy = 1.28 m

‖ ‖
‖ ‖ VUx
Vmax = 1.28 m
‖ else
‖ ‖
‖ ‖
VUy

Vmax
h ≔ ――― h = 0.64 m
2
Asumiendo un espesor de la zapata combinada: h ≔ 0.60 m
-PROPIEDADES DE LOS MATERIALES:
_SUELO:
kg
γs ≔ 1800 ――
3
(Peso específico del Suelo)
m
_HORMIGON:
kg
fc ≔ 210 ――
2
(Resistencia del concreto en compresion)
cm
 ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ 2
cm kg kg
Ec ≔ 15000 ⋅ fc ⋅ ――⋅ ――= 217370.651 ―― (Módulo de elasticidad)
kg cm
2
cm
2

kg
γHA ≔ 2400 ――
3
(Peso específico del Hormigón Armado)
m
_ACERO:
kg
fy ≔ 4200 ――
2
(Esfuerzo de fluencia de acero)
cm

kg
Es ≔ 2100000 ――
2
(Módulo de elasticidad)
cm
kg
γacero ≔ 7850 ――
3
(Peso específico del Acero)
m
2) CALCULO DE PRESIONES: Con cargas en condiciones de SERVICIO.
Pz ≔ γHA ⋅ A ⋅ B ⋅ h = 16.36 tonne (Peso de la zapata combinada)
Pt ≔ γs ⋅ ⎛⎝A ⋅ B − 2 ⋅ ⎛⎝Dcol ⋅ Dcol⎞⎠⎞⎠ ⋅ hf = 31.8 tonne (Peso del terreno sobre la zapata combinada)
PA = 73.6 tonne PB = 142.98 tonne (Peso de las columnas)
P ≔ PA + PB + Pz + Pt = 264.745 tonne (Peso total en el centroide de la zapata)

P kg kg
σ ≔ ――= 2.33 ―― admσ = 2.4 ――
Area cm
2
cm
2

Condicion ≔ ‖ if σ < admσ = “Cumple”

‖ ‖
‖ ‖ “Cumple”
Condicion = “Cumple”
‖ else
‖ ‖
‖ ‖
“No Cumple”

3) TIPO DE ZAPATA (Flexible o Rigida):

-1ra CORECCION:
Considerando Suelo grava-arenoso-suelto.
kg
K ≔ 9.5 ―― (Coeficiente de Balasto)
3
cm
2
⎛ A + 0.3 m ⎞ kg
kAA ≔ K ⋅ ⎜―――― ⎟ = 3.141 ――
⎝ 2⋅A ⎠ cm
3

-2da CORECCION:
⎛ A⎞ 2 kg
kAB ≔ kAA ⋅ ⎜1 + 0.5 ⋅ ―⎟ ⋅ ―= 2.463 ――
⎝ B⎠ 3 cm
3

3
A⋅h 4
Iz ≔ ――― = 0.036 m
12
Donde:
tonne
B1 ≔ A = 2 m Ec = 2173706.512 ―――
2
m
4 ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
B1 ⋅ kAB 1
λ≔ ―――= 0.354 ―
4 ⋅ Ec ⋅ Iz m

Ln ≔ Sep − Dcol Ln = 3.6 m (Longitud libre de columna a columna)

 1
λ ⋅ Ln = 1.275 λ = 0.354 ―
m

Tipo ≔ ‖ if λ ⋅ Ln < 1.75 = “ZAPATA RIGIDA”

‖ ‖
‖ ‖ “ZAPATA RIGIDA”
‖ else
‖ ‖ Tipo = “ZAPATA RIGIDA”
‖ ‖
“ZAPATA FLEXIBLE”

4) OBTIMIZACION DE LA ZAPATA COMBINADA:

Con h ≔ 0.50 m
:
4.1) CALCULO DE PRESIONES:
Pz ≔ γHA ⋅ A ⋅ B ⋅ h = 13.64 tonne (Peso de la zapata combinada)
Pt ≔ γs ⋅ ⎛⎝A ⋅ B − 2 ⋅ ⎛⎝Dcol ⋅ Dcol⎞⎠⎞⎠ ⋅ hf = 31.8 tonne (Peso del terreno sobre la zapata combinada)
PA = 73.6 tonne PB = 142.98 tonne (Peso de las columnas)
P ≔ PA + PB + Pz + Pt = 262.018 tonne (Peso total en el centroide de la zapata)

P kg kg
σ ≔ ――= 2.306 ―― admσ = 2.4 ――
Area cm
2
cm
2

Condicion ≔ ‖ if σ < admσ = “Cumple”

‖ ‖
‖ ‖ “Cumple”
Condicion = “Cumple”
‖ else
‖ ‖
‖ ‖
“No Cumple”

4.2) TIPO DE ZAPATA (Flexible o Rigida):

-1ra CORECCION:
Considerando Suelo grava-arenoso-suelto.
kg
K ≔ 9.5 ―― (Coeficiente de Balasto)
3
cm
2
⎛ A + 0.3 m ⎞ kg
kAA ≔ K ⋅ ⎜―――― = 3.141 ――
⎝ 2 ⋅ A ⎟⎠ cm
3

-2da CORECCION:
⎛ A⎞ 2 kg
kAB ≔ kAA ⋅ ⎜1 + 0.5 ⋅ ―⎟ ⋅ ―= 2.463 ――
⎝ B⎠ 3 cm
3

3
A⋅h 4
Iz ≔ ――― = 0.021 m
12

Donde: tonne
B1 ≔ A = 2 m Ec = 2173706.512 ―――
2
m
4 ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
B1 ⋅ kAB 1
λ≔ ―――= 0.406 ―
4 ⋅ Ec ⋅ Iz m

Ln ≔ Sep − Dcol Ln = 3.6 m (Longitud libre de columna a columna)

1
λ ⋅ Ln = 1.462 λ = 0.406 ―
m
 Tipo ≔ ‖ if λ ⋅ Ln < 1.75 = “ZAPATA RIGIDA”
‖ ‖
‖ ‖ “ZAPATA RIGIDA”
‖ else Tipo = “ZAPATA RIGIDA”
‖ ‖
‖ ‖
“ZAPATA FLEXIBLE”

Con: h = 0.5 m cumple con los requisitos para una zapata rigida.
4) DISEÑO:
Segun ACI, con cargas mayoradas (METODO DE RESISTENCIA ULTIMA)
Se debe adoptar los datos obtenidos del analisis estructural del edificio con CARGAS MAYORADAS.
-PRINCIPALES ACCIONES:

a) COLUMNA: 2-A
_COMB2T: _COMB4.2: _COMB6.2:
Pr2T_A ≔ 87.88 tonne Pr42_A ≔ 84.90 tonne Pr62_A ≔ 82.74 tonne

Mx2T_A ≔ −0.03 tonne ⋅ m Mx42_A ≔ −1.8 tonne ⋅ m Mx62_A ≔ −0.04 tonne ⋅ m

My2T_A ≔ 0.14 tonne ⋅ m My42_A ≔ 0.12 tonne ⋅ m My62_A ≔ 1.64 tonne ⋅ m

Vx2T_A ≔ 0.007 tonne Vx42_A ≔ −0.78 tonne Vx62_A ≔ 0.06 tonne

Vy2T_A ≔ −0.02 tonne Vy42_A ≔ −0.01 tonne Vy62_A ≔ −0.88 tonne

b) COLUMNA: 2-B
_COMB2T: _COMB4.2: _COMB6.2:
Pr2T_B ≔ 175.37 tonne Pr42_B ≔ 158.73 tonne Pr62_B ≔ 159.08 tonne

Mx2T_B ≔ 0.01 tonne ⋅ m Mx42_B ≔ −1.84 tonne ⋅ m Mx62_B ≔ −0.02 tonne ⋅ m

My2T_B ≔ 0.12 tonne ⋅ m My42_B ≔ 0.09 tonne ⋅ m My62_B ≔ 1.53 tonne ⋅ m

Vx2T_B ≔ 0.02 tonne Vx42_B ≔ −1 tonne Vx62_B ≔ −0.01 tonne

Vy2T_B ≔ −0.03 tonne Vy42_B ≔ −0.01 tonne Vy62_B ≔ −0.74 tonne

5) CALCULO DE PRESIONES: Con cargas ultimas (CARGAS MAYORADAS).

Pz ≔ γHA ⋅ A ⋅ B ⋅ h = 13.64 tonne PZ ≔ 1.2 ⋅ Pz = 16.362 tonne (Peso de la zapata combinada)
Pt ≔ γs ⋅ ⎛⎝A ⋅ B − 2 ⋅ ⎛⎝Dcol ⋅ Dcol⎞⎠⎞⎠ ⋅ hf = 31.8 tonne PT ≔ 1.2 ⋅ Pt = 38.164 tonne (Peso del terreno)
Para COMB2T:
-Para COMB2T:
ΣPs2T ≔ Pr2T_A + Pr2T_B + PZ + PT = 317.776 tonne

ΣMx_s ≔ ⎛⎝Mx2T_A + Mx2T_B + Vx2T_A ⋅ h + Vx2T_B ⋅ h⎞⎠ = −0.0065 tonne ⋅ m

ΣMy_s ≔ ⎛⎝My2T_A + My2T_B + Vy2T_A ⋅ h + Vy2T_B ⋅ h⎞⎠ = 0.235 tonne ⋅ m

_Centro de gravedad:

Dcol ⎛ Dcol ⎞ B
ΣMx_s + Pr2T_A ⋅ ――+ Pr2T_B ⋅ ⎜――+ Sep⎟ + ―⋅ ⎛⎝PZ + PT⎞⎠
2 ⎝ 2 ⎠ 2
X ≔ ――――――――――――――――――― X = 2.86 m
ΣPs2T
A
ΣMy_s + ―⋅ ⎛⎝ΣPs2T⎞⎠
2
Y ≔ ――――――― Y = 1.00074 m
ΣPs2T
B
ex ≔ ―− X ex = −0.01987 m
2
A
ey ≔ ―− Y ey = −0.00074 m
2
2 2
2 A⋅B 3 B⋅A 3
Area = 11.363 m Wx ≔ ―― = 10.759 m Wy ≔ ―― = 3.788 m
6 6
ΣMx ≔ abs ⎛⎝ΣPs2T ⋅ ex⎞⎠ ΣMx = 6.313 tonne ⋅ m

ΣMy ≔ abs ⎛⎝ΣPs2T ⋅ ey⎞⎠ ΣMy = 0.235 tonne ⋅ m

ΣPs2T ΣMx ΣMy tonne

σ1 ≔ ――+ ―― + ―― σ1 = 28.615 ―――
Area Wx Wy m
2

ΣPs2T ΣMx ΣMy tonne

σ2 ≔ ――+ ―― − ―― σ2 = 28.491 ―――
Area Wx Wy m
2

ΣPs2T ΣMx ΣMy tonne

σ3 ≔ ――− ―― + ―― σ3 = 27.442 ―――
Area Wx Wy m
2

ΣPs2T ΣMx ΣMy tonne

σ4 ≔ ――− ―― − ―― σ4 = 27.318 ―――
Area Wx Wy m
2

‖ tonne ‖ tonne ‖ tonne

σmax1 ≔ if σ1 > σ2 = 28.62 ――― σmax2 ≔ if σ3 > σ4 = 27.44 ――― σmax ≔ if σmax1 > σmax2 = 28.62 ―――
‖ ‖ ‖ ‖
‖ ‖
2 2 2
m m m
‖ ‖ σ1 ‖ ‖ σ3 ‖ ‖ σmax1
‖ else ‖ else ‖ else
‖ ‖ ‖ ‖ ‖ ‖
‖ ‖
σmax2
‖ ‖ σ2 ‖ ‖ σ4
‖ ‖ ‖‖
‖ ‖

tonne
σmax = 28.62 ―――
2
m
⎛⎝PT + PZ⎞⎠ tonne
σn_2T ≔ σmax − ――― σn_2T = 23.82 ―――
Area m
2

Para COMB4.2:
-Para COMB4.2:
ΣPs42 ≔ Pr42_A + Pr42_B + PZ + PT = 298.156 tonne

ΣMx_s ≔ ⎛⎝Mx42_A + Mx42_B + Vx42_A ⋅ h + Vx42_B ⋅ h⎞⎠ = −4.53 tonne ⋅ m

ΣMy_s ≔ ⎛⎝My42_A + My42_B + Vy42_A ⋅ h + Vy42_B ⋅ h⎞⎠ = 0.2 tonne ⋅ m

_Centro de gravedad:

Dcol ⎛ Dcol ⎞ B
ΣMx_s + Pr42_A ⋅ ――+ Pr42_B ⋅ ⎜――+ Sep⎟ + ―⋅ ⎛⎝PZ + PT⎞⎠
2 ⎝ 2 ⎠ 2
X ≔ ――――――――――――――――――― X = 2.8 m
ΣPs42
A
ΣMy_s + ―⋅ ⎛⎝ΣPs42⎞⎠
2
Y ≔ ――――――― Y = 1.00067 m
ΣPs42
B
ex ≔ ―− X ex = 0.04347 m
2
A
ey ≔ ―− Y ey = −0.00067 m
2
2 2
2 A⋅B 3 B⋅A 3
Area = 11.363 m Wx ≔ ―― = 10.759 m Wy ≔ ―― = 3.788 m
6 6
ΣMx ≔ abs ⎛⎝ΣPs42 ⋅ ex⎞⎠ ΣMx = 12.961 tonne ⋅ m

ΣMy ≔ abs ⎛⎝ΣPs42 ⋅ ey⎞⎠ ΣMy = 0.2 tonne ⋅ m

ΣPs42 ΣMx ΣMy tonne

σ1 ≔ ――+ ―― + ―― σ1 = 27.497 ―――
Area Wx Wy m
2

ΣPs42 ΣMx ΣMy tonne

σ2 ≔ ――+ ―― − ―― σ2 = 27.392 ―――
Area Wx Wy m
2

ΣPs42 ΣMx ΣMy tonne

σ3 ≔ ――− ―― + ―― σ3 = 25.088 ―――
Area Wx Wy m
2

ΣPs42 ΣMx ΣMy tonne

σ4 ≔ ――− ―― − ―― σ4 = 24.982 ―――
Area Wx Wy m
2

σmax1 ≔ ‖ if σ1 > σ2 = 27.5 ――― σmax2 ≔ ‖ if σ3 > σ4 = 25.09 ――― σmax ≔ ‖ if σmax1 > σmax2 = 27.5 ―――
tonne tonne tonne
‖ 2 ‖ 2 ‖ ‖ 2
‖ m ‖ m m
‖ ‖ σ1 ‖ ‖ σ3 ‖ ‖ σmax1
‖ else ‖ else ‖ else
‖ ‖ ‖ ‖ ‖ ‖
‖ ‖
σmax2
‖ ‖ σ2 ‖ ‖ σ4
‖ ‖ ‖
‖ ‖
tonne
σmax = 27.5 ―――
2
m
⎛⎝PT + PZ⎞⎠ tonne
σn_42 ≔ σmax − ――― σn_42 = 22.7 ―――
Area m
2

Para COMB6.2:
 -Para COMB6.2:
ΣPs62 ≔ Pr62_A + Pr62_B + PZ + PT = 296.346 tonne

ΣMx_s ≔ ⎛⎝Mx62_A + Mx62_B + Vx62_A ⋅ h + Vx62_B ⋅ h⎞⎠ = −0.035 tonne ⋅ m

ΣMy_s ≔ ⎛⎝My62_A + My62_B + Vy62_A ⋅ h + Vy62_B ⋅ h⎞⎠ = 2.36 tonne ⋅ m

_Centro de gravedad:

Dcol ⎛ Dcol ⎞ B
ΣMx_s + Pr62_A ⋅ ――+ Pr62_B ⋅ ⎜――+ Sep⎟ + ―⋅ ⎛⎝PZ + PT⎞⎠
2 ⎝ 2 ⎠ 2
X ≔ ――――――――――――――――――― X = 2.83 m
ΣPs62
A
ΣMy_s + ―⋅ ⎛⎝ΣPs62⎞⎠
2
Y ≔ ――――――― Y = 1.00796 m
ΣPs62
B
ex ≔ ―− X ex = 0.00771 m
2
A
ey ≔ ―− Y ey = −0.00796 m
2
2 2
2 A⋅B 3 B⋅A 3
Area = 11.363 m Wx ≔ ―― = 10.759 m Wy ≔ ―― = 3.788 m
6 6
ΣMx ≔ abs ⎛⎝ΣPs62 ⋅ ex⎞⎠ ΣMx = 2.286 tonne ⋅ m

ΣMy ≔ abs ⎛⎝ΣPs62 ⋅ ey⎞⎠ ΣMy = 2.36 tonne ⋅ m

ΣPs62 ΣMx ΣMy tonne

σ1 ≔ ――+ ―― + ―― σ1 = 26.916 ―――
Area Wx Wy m
2

ΣPs62 ΣMx ΣMy tonne

σ2 ≔ ――+ ―― − ―― σ2 = 25.67 ―――
Area Wx Wy m
2

ΣPs62 ΣMx ΣMy tonne

σ3 ≔ ――− ―― + ―― σ3 = 26.491 ―――
Area Wx Wy m
2

ΣPs62 ΣMx ΣMy tonne

σ4 ≔ ――− ―― − ―― σ4 = 25.245 ―――
Area Wx Wy m
2

‖ tonne ‖ tonne ‖ tonne

σmax1 ≔ if σ1 > σ2 = 26.92 ――― σmax2 ≔ if σ3 > σ4 = 26.49 ――― σmax ≔ if σmax1 > σmax2 = 26.92 ―――
‖ ‖ ‖ ‖
‖ ‖
2 2 2
m m m
‖ ‖ σ1 ‖ ‖ σ3 ‖ ‖ σmax1
‖ else ‖ else ‖ else
‖ ‖ ‖ ‖ ‖ ‖
‖ ‖
σmax2
‖ ‖ σ2 ‖ ‖ σ4
‖ ‖ ‖‖
‖ ‖

tonne
σmax = 26.92 ―――
2
m
⎛⎝PT + PZ⎞⎠ tonne
σn_62 ≔ σmax − ――― σn_62 = 22.12 ―――
Area m
2

_Resumen:
 _Resumen:

tonne tonne tonne

σn_2T = 23.82 ――― σn_42 = 22.7 ――― σn_62 = 22.12 ―――
2 2 2
m m m

σn1 ≔ ‖ if σn_2T > σn_42 = 23.82 ――― σn ≔ ‖ if σn1 > σn_62 = 23.82 ―――
tonne tonne
‖ 2 ‖ 2
‖ m ‖ m
‖ ‖ σn_2T ‖ ‖ σn1
‖ else ‖ else
‖ ‖ ‖ ‖
‖ ‖ σn_42 ‖ ‖ σn_62
‖ ‖
‖ ‖

tonne
σn = 23.82 ――― (Presion neta)
2
m

6) PUNZONAMIENTO: Vu < ͅ Vc (OK Cumple)

rec ≔ 5 cm (Recubrimiento)
ͅ p ≔ 20 mm (Diametro del acero principal)
ͅ p h = 0.5 m (Espesor de la zapata combinada)
dy ≔ h − rec − ͅ p − ―― dy = 42 cm
2
ͅ p
dx ≔ h − rec − ―― dx = 44 cm
2
dx + dy
d ≔ ――― d = 43 cm
2
A) COLUMNA INTERIOR:2-B Pr2T_B = 175.37 tonne

aoint ≔ Dcol + d aoint = 0.83 m

bo ≔ Dcol + d bo = 0.83 m

Po ≔ 2 ⋅ ⎛⎝aoint + bo⎞⎠ Po = 3.32 m

tonne
Pn ≔ σn = 23.817 ――― (Presion neta)
2
m
Vu ≔ Pr2T_B − Pn ⋅ ⎛⎝aoint ⋅ bo⎞⎠ Vu = 158.963 tonne
‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ 2
cm kg kg tonne
vc ≔ 1.10 ⋅ fc ⋅ ――⋅ ――= 15.941 ―― vc = 159.405 ―――
kg cm
2
cm
2
m
2

Vc ≔ vc ⋅ Po ⋅ d Vc = 227.567 tonne
ͅ Vc = 170.675 tonne
ͅ Vc ≔ 0.75 ⋅ Vc
 CONDICION ≔ ‖ if Vu > ͅ Vc = “CUMPLE”
‖ ‖
‖ ‖ “Aumentar 'h'”
‖ else
‖ ‖
‖ ‖
“CUMPLE”

CONDICION = “CUMPLE”

B) COLUMNA EXTERIOR:2-A Pr2T_A = 87.88 tonne

d
aoext ≔ Dcol + ― aoext = 0.615 m
2
bo ≔ Dcol + d bo = 0.83 m

Po ≔ 2 ⋅ aoext + bo Po = 2.06 m

tonne
Pn ≔ σn = 23.817 ――― (Presion neta)
2
m
Vu ≔ Pr2T_A − Pn ⋅ ⎛⎝aoext ⋅ bo⎞⎠ Vu = 75.723 tonne
‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ 2
cm kg kg tonne
vc ≔ 1.10 ⋅ fc ⋅ ――⋅ ――= 15.941 ―― vc = 159.405 ―――
kg cm
2
cm
2
m
2

Vc ≔ vc ⋅ Po ⋅ d Vc = 141.201 tonne

ͅ Vc ≔ 0.75 ⋅ Vc ͅ Vc = 105.901 tonne

CONDICION ≔ ‖ if Vu > ͅ Vc = “CUMPLE”

‖ ‖
‖ ‖ “Aumentar 'h'”
‖ else
‖ ‖
‖ ‖
“CUMPLE”

CONDICION = “CUMPLE”