Cuaderno de Matricial Alison Melissa Vega Aguirre
Cuaderno de Matricial Alison Melissa Vega Aguirre
Cuaderno de Matricial Alison Melissa Vega Aguirre
CAPITULO 1
CONCEPTOS BÁSICOS
Hormigón Armado
Metálicas
Maderas
Acciones: Las acciones de este tema son el análisis estructural y estas deben ser
siempre menores a los materiales.
𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑎 𝑙𝑎 𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑢𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑎
Proceso de análisis:
Método de la flexibilidad
Método de la rigidez
Método de la rigidez:
Esfuerzo:
F
𝑭 A
𝝈=
𝑨
Deformación:
𝛿
𝜀= (𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙)
𝐿𝑜
Ley de Hooke:
Ductiles – la armadura
Fragiles – el hormigón
Región Elástica:
𝜎
𝑡𝑔𝜃 = =𝐸
𝜀
Región plástica:
𝜎 𝑃/𝐴 𝑃𝐿
𝐸= = = =𝐸
𝜀 𝛿/𝐿 𝛿𝐴
𝐴𝐸
𝑃= 𝛿
𝐿
𝑃 = 𝐾𝛿
Por transmisibilidad
𝑃𝑥
𝑀𝑥 =
2
𝑚1 = 𝑥
𝑚2 = −1
𝑃𝑥
𝑀𝑥 ∗ 𝑚1 𝑎 ∗𝑥
∫ =∫ 2 𝑑𝑥
𝐸𝐼 0 𝐸𝐼
𝑎
𝑚1 ∗ 𝑚1 𝑥 ∗ 𝑥𝑑𝑥
∫ =∫
𝐸𝐼 0 𝐸𝐼
𝑎
𝑚2 ∗ 𝑚1 −1 ∗ 𝑥
∫ =∫
𝐸𝐼 0 𝐸𝐼
𝑎
𝑚2 ∗ 𝑚2 −1 ∗ −1
∫ =∫
𝐸𝐼 0 𝐸𝐼
Reacciones y solicitaciones:
𝑃
𝑅𝑎 = 𝑅𝑏 =
2
Cortantes:
𝑃
𝑉𝑎 =
2
𝑃
𝑉𝑏 = − 2
Momentos:
𝑃𝑎
𝑀𝑎 = 𝑀𝑏 = −
8
CAPITULO 2
MÉTODO DE LA RIGIDEZ
Origen.
Se considera lo siguiente:
CAPITULO 3
ESTRUCTURAS ARTICULADAS
Barra simple
{𝐹} = [ 𝐾 ] ∙ {𝛿}
𝐹𝑥1 𝐾 −𝐾 𝑢1
{ }= [ ] ∙ {𝑢 }
𝐹𝑥2 −𝐾 𝐾 2
𝐴𝐸
𝐾=
𝐿
𝐴𝐸 𝐴𝐸
𝐹𝑥 −
{ 1} = [ 𝐿 𝐿 ] ∙ {𝑢1 }
𝐹𝑥2 𝐴𝐸 𝐴𝐸 𝑢2
−
𝐿 𝐿
𝐴𝐸 𝐴𝐸
𝐹𝑥1 0 − 𝐿 0 𝑢1
𝐿
𝐹𝑥2 0 0 0 0 𝑢
= ∙ {𝑢2 }
𝐹𝑥3 − 𝐿
𝐴𝐸
0
𝐴𝐸
0 3
𝐿 𝑢4
{𝐹𝑥4 } [ 0 0 0 0 ]
Barra 1
𝑓𝑥1 𝐾 −𝐾1 𝑢1
{ }= [ 1 ] ∙ {𝑢 }
𝑓´ 𝑥2 −𝐾1 𝐾1 2
Barra 2
𝑓´´𝑥2 𝐾 −𝐾2 𝑢2
{ }= [ 2 ] ∙ {𝑢 }
𝑓𝑥3 −𝐾2 𝐾2 3
𝑓𝑥1 𝐾1 − 𝐾1 0 𝑢1
𝑓´
{ 𝑥2 } = [− 𝐾1 𝐾1 𝑢
0] ∙ { 2 }
𝑓𝑥3 0 0 0 𝑢3
𝑓𝑥1 0 0 0 𝑢1
{𝑓´´𝑥2 } = [0 𝐾2 − 𝐾2 ] ∙ {𝑢2 }
𝑓𝑥3 0 − 𝐾2 𝐾2 𝑢3
𝑭 𝒙𝟏 𝑲𝟏 − 𝑲𝟏 𝟎 𝒖𝟏
𝑭
{ 𝒙𝟐 } = [ − 𝑲 𝟏 𝑲𝟏 + 𝑲𝟐 − 𝑲𝟐 ] ∙ { 𝒖 𝟐 }
𝑭 𝒙𝟑 𝟎 − 𝑲𝟐 𝑲𝟐 𝒖𝟑
Análisis matricial
Matriz m x n
𝑆𝑖 𝑚 = 𝑛 𝑀𝑎𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑧 𝐶𝑢𝑎𝑑𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑎
𝑆𝑖 𝑚 = 1
𝑆𝑖 𝑛 = 1
𝑎11
𝑎12
{𝐴} = 𝑎13 𝑀𝑎𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑧 𝐶𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑛𝑎
⋮
𝑎
{ 𝑚1 }
1 0 0
[𝐼] = [0 1 0] 𝑀𝑎𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑧 𝐼𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑑𝑎𝑑
0 0 1
𝑛
𝐵 = ∑ 𝑎𝑖 𝑗 𝐴𝑖 𝑗
𝑖=1
1 1 (−1)𝑖+𝑗
𝐴𝑖 𝑗 = [ ]
1 1
𝑇
𝑎𝑑𝑗 = [|𝐴𝑖 𝑗 |]
𝑎𝑑𝑗 [𝐴]
[𝐴]−1 =
𝐴
Ejemplo
[𝐴] = [2 5 ]
8 −3
det [𝐴] = −6 − 40
Ejemplo
5 7 2
[𝐴] = [0 −7 3]
2 2 7
−7 3 0 3 0 −7
| | −| | | |
2 7 2 7 2 2
7 2 5 2 5 7
[𝐴] = − | | | | −| |
2 7 2 7 2 2
7 2 5 2 5 7
[ |−7 3
| −|
0 3
| | |
0 −7 ]
−55 6 14
det [𝐴] = [−45 31 4 ]
35 −15 −35
−55 6 14
[−45 31 4 ]
35 −15 −35
CODIGO: 6857279 ALISON MELISSA VEGA AGUIRRE
ESCUELA MILITAR DE INGENIERÍA
ANÁLISIS MATRICIAL DE ESTRUCTURAS – ING. GERALD ASTORGA
−55 −45 35
adj [𝐴] = [ 6 31 −15]
14 4 −35
−55 −45 35
[ 6 31 −15]
[𝐴]−1 = 14 4 −35
−205
Ejemplo
𝑥1
𝑥
{ 2 } = [ 𝑘 ]−1 ∙ {𝐹}
𝑥3
2 3 4
[𝐴] = [4 3 6]
3 5 3
3 6 4 6 4 3
| | −| | | |
5 3 3 3 3 5
[𝐴] = − |3 4 2 4 2 2
| | | −| |
5 3 3 3 3 4
3 4 2 4 2 3
[ |3 6
| −|
4 6
| | |
4 3 ]
−21 6 11
det [𝐴] = [ 11 −6 −1]
6 4 −6
det [𝐴] = 20
−21 6 11
[ 11 −6 −1]
6 4 −6
−21 11 6
adj [𝐴] = [ 6 −6 4 ]
11 −1 −6
𝑥1
1 −21 11 6 −1 100
{𝑥2 } = [ 6 −6 4 ] ∙ { 140}
𝑥3 20
11 1 −6 110
−21 11 6
𝑥1 = ( ∙ 100) + ( ∙ 140) + ( ∙ 110)
20 20 20
𝑥1 = −105 + 77 + 33
𝑥1 = 5
6 −6 4
𝑥1 = ( ∙ 100) + ( ∙ 140) + ( ∙ 110)
20 20 20
𝑥1 = 30 + (−42) + 22
𝑥1 = 10
11 −1 −6
𝑥1 = ( ∙ 100) + ( ∙ 140) + ( ∙ 110)
20 20 20
𝑥1 = 55 + (−7) + (−33)
𝑥1 = 15
𝑥1 = 5
𝑥1 = 10
𝑥1 = 15
𝐹1 𝐾1 −𝐾1 0 0 ⋯ ⋯ 0 𝑢1
𝐹2 𝐾1 𝐾1 + 𝐾2 𝐾1 0 0 0 0 𝑢 2
𝐹3 𝐾1 + 𝐾2 𝐾1 0 0 0 𝑢 3
0 𝐾1
𝐹4 = 0 𝐾1 𝐾1 + 𝐾2 0 0 0 ∙ 𝑢 4
0
⋮ ⋮ ⋮ ⋮ 𝐾1 0 0 ⋮ ⋮
⋮ ⋮ ⋮ ⋮ ⋮ 0 0 ⋮ ⋮
{𝐹𝑛 } [ 0 0 0 0 ⋯ ⋯ 𝐾1 + 𝐾2 ] {𝑢𝑛 }
Ejemplo
𝐾𝑔
𝐸 = 2 × 106 ⁄ 2
𝑐𝑚
Barra 1
𝐾1 −𝐾1
𝐾=[ ]
−𝐾1 𝐾1
3 𝑐𝑚2 3 𝑐𝑚2
−
𝐾= 𝐸 50 𝑐𝑚 50 𝑐𝑚
3 𝑐𝑚2 3 𝑐𝑚2
[ − 50 𝑐𝑚 50 𝑐𝑚 ]
𝐴𝐸 𝐴𝐸
−
𝐾= [ 𝐿 𝐿 ]
𝐴𝐸 𝐴𝐸
−
𝐿 𝐿
Barra 2
𝐾2 −𝐾2
𝐾= [ ]
−𝐾2 𝐾2
𝐴𝐸 𝐴𝐸
−
𝐾= [ 𝐿 𝐿 ]
𝐴𝐸 𝐴𝐸
−
𝐿 𝐿
2 𝑐𝑚2 2 𝑐𝑚2
−
𝐾= 𝐸 70 𝑐𝑚 70 𝑐𝑚
2 𝑐𝑚2 2 𝑐𝑚2
[ − 70 𝑐𝑚 70 𝑐𝑚 ]
Barra 3
𝐾3 −𝐾3
𝐾= [ ]
−𝐾3 𝐾3
𝐴𝐸 𝐴𝐸
−
𝐾 = [ 𝐿 𝐿 ]
𝐴𝐸 𝐴𝐸
−
𝐿 𝐿
1 𝑐𝑚2 1 𝑐𝑚2
−
𝐾=𝐸 70 𝑐𝑚 70 𝑐𝑚
1 𝑐𝑚2 1 𝑐𝑚2
[ −
70 𝑐𝑚 70 𝑐𝑚 ]
𝐹1 𝐾1 −𝐾1 0 0 𝑢1
𝐹2 −𝐾1 𝐾1 + 𝐾2 −𝐾2 0 𝑢2
{ }= 𝐸 [ ] ∙ {𝑢 }
𝐹3 0 0 𝐾1 + 𝐾2 −𝐾3 3
𝐹4 0 0 −𝐾3 𝐾1 + 𝐾2 𝑢4
𝐹1 0.0886 −0.028 0 𝑢1
{𝐹2 } = 𝐸 [ −0.028 0.042 −0.014 ] ∙ {𝑢2 }
𝐹3 0 −0.014 0.014 𝑢3
𝑢2
1 16.6384 16.6384 16.6384 0
{𝑢3 } = [16.6384 51.6407 51.6407 ] ∙ {5000}
𝑢4 𝐸
16.6384 51.6407 121.6197 2000
𝑢2 0.0582
𝑢
{ 3 } = [0.1807] Globales
𝑢4 0.2507 𝑐𝑚
Ejemplo
𝐹 =𝐾 ∙𝑢
𝑢 = 1.8 𝑚𝑚
𝑘 −𝑘
𝑘=| |
−𝑘 𝑘
𝐴𝐸 1 −1
𝑘1 = | |
𝐿 −1 1
𝐴𝐸 1 −1
𝑘2 = | |
𝐿 −1 1
𝐴𝐸 1 −1 0
𝐾 = |−1 2 −1|
𝐿
0 −1 1
𝐹1 𝑢1
𝐴𝐸 1 −1 0
{𝐹2 } = [−1 2 −1] ∙ {𝑢2 }
𝐹3 𝐿 𝑢3
0 −1 1
𝐹 𝐴𝐸 2 −1 𝑢2
{ 2} = [ ] ∙ { }
𝐹3 𝐿 −1 1 1.2 𝑚𝑚
60 𝐴𝐸 2 −1 𝑢
{ } 𝐾𝑁 = [ ] ∙ { 2 } 𝑚𝑚
0 𝐿 −1 1 1.2
100 2 −1
[ ]
3 −1 1
= −2
60 2 −1 𝑢
{ }= [ ] ∙ { 2}
0 −1 1 1.2
100 100
60 = ∙ (2) ∙ 𝑢1 − ∙ (1) ∙ (1.2)
3 3
60 = 66.67 𝑢1 − 50
60 + 50
𝑢1 =
66.67
𝑢1 = 1.65
Ejemplo
𝐸 = 25 (𝐾𝑁 / 𝑚𝑚2 )
𝐹1 𝐾1 −𝐾1 0 0 𝑢1
𝐹 −𝐾1 𝐾1 + 𝐾2 −𝐾2 0 𝑢
{ 2} = 𝐸 [ ] ∙ {𝑢2 }
𝐹3 0 − 𝐾2 𝐾2 + 𝐾3 −𝐾3 3
𝐹4 0 0 −𝐾3 𝐾3 + 𝐾4 𝑢4
𝐹1 −2 −2 0 0 𝑢1
𝐹2 𝑢2
{ } = 𝐸 [ −2 3.5 −1.5 0 ] ∙ {𝑢 }
𝐹3 0 −1.5 2.5 −1 3
𝐹4 0 0 −1 1 𝑢4
𝐹2 0 3.5 −1.5 0 𝑢2
{𝐹3 } = 𝐸 [ −1.5 2.5 −1 ] ∙ {𝑢3 }
𝐹4 17 0 −1 1 𝑢4
10 3.5 −1.5 0 𝑢2
{ 0 } 𝐾𝑁 = 25 𝐾𝑁⁄𝑚𝑚2 [ −1.5 2.5 −1 ] ∙ {𝑢3 }
−17 0 −1 1 𝑢4
𝐷𝑒𝑡 = 3
Módulo de elasticidad
𝑘𝑔⁄
𝐸 = 2.1 𝑥106 𝑐𝑚2
Barra 1
𝐹1 𝐾1 −𝐾1 0 0 𝑢1
𝐹2 −𝐾1 𝐾1 + 𝐾2 −𝐾2 0 𝑢2
{ }= 𝐸 [ ] ∙ {𝑢 }
𝐹3 0 − 𝐾2 𝐾2 + 𝐾3 −𝐾3 3
𝐹4 0 0 −𝐾3 𝐾3 + 𝐾4 𝑢4
5.5 −2.5 0
[𝐴] = [−2.5 4.1 −1. 6]
0 −1.6 1.6
4 4 4
[4 8.8 8.8 ]
4 8.8 16.3
𝐷𝑒𝑡 [𝐴] = 12
𝐷𝑒𝑡 [𝐴] = 12
4 4 4
𝐴𝑑𝑗 [𝐴] = [4 8.8 8.8 ]
4 8.8 16.3
𝑢2
1 1 4 4 4 1000
{𝑢3 } = ∙ [ 4 8.8 8.8 ] ∙ { 1500}
𝑢4 2.1𝑥106 12
4 8.8 16.3 2000
𝑢2 = 0.00072
{𝑢3 } = [ 0.0014 ]
𝑢4 = 0.002
0.002
𝜃 = tan−1 ( )
800
CODIGO: 6857279 ALISON MELISSA VEGA AGUIRRE
ESCUELA MILITAR DE INGENIERÍA
ANÁLISIS MATRICIAL DE ESTRUCTURAS – ING. GERALD ASTORGA
𝜃 = 0.000143
TEMA 4
TRANSFORMACIÓN DE COORDENADAS
x, y Coordenadas globales
x, y Coordenadas locales
x = P. cos 𝛼
y = P. sen 𝛼
x = x cos 𝜃 − 𝑦 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝜃
y = 𝑦 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝜃 − y cos 𝜃
𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 − 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝜃 x
{𝑦} = [ ] {𝑦}
𝑠𝑒𝑛𝜃 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃
[𝑇] = [𝑇] = 1
[𝑇]−1 = [𝑇]𝑇
𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 − 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝜃 −1 𝑥
{𝑦} = [ ] {𝑦 }
𝑠𝑒𝑛𝜃 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃
J
Desplazamiento global
1
{𝑈} = [𝑇] {𝑢} → {𝑈} = [𝐽] {𝑈}
2
{𝐹} = [𝑇] {𝑓} → {𝑓} = [𝐽] {𝐹}
Fuerza global
[𝐽]{𝐹} = [𝐾][𝐽]{𝑢}
{𝐹}
= [𝐽]−1 [𝐾][𝐽]
{𝑢}
𝐴𝐸 −𝐴𝐸
0 0
𝐿 𝐿
[𝐾] = 0 0 0 0
−𝐴𝐸 𝐴𝐸
0 0
𝐿 𝐿
[ 0 0 0 0]
1 0 −1 0
𝐴𝐸 0 0 0 0
[𝐾] = [ ]
𝐿 −1 0 1 0
0 0 0 0
[𝑲] = [𝐽][𝐾][𝐽]
𝐾11 𝐾12
[𝐾] = [ ]
𝐾21 𝐾22
𝑥1 = 𝑃1 cos 𝜃𝑥
𝑦1 = 𝑃 cos 𝜃𝑦
𝑥1 − 𝑥2
cos 𝜃 =
𝐿
𝑦2 − 𝑦1
sen 𝜃 =
𝐿
𝐿 = √(𝑥1 − 𝑥2 )2 + (𝑦2 − 𝑦1 )2
CAPITULO 5
ENSAMBLAJE DE LA MATRIZ
𝑢2𝑥 0.04950
𝑢2𝑦 −0.07621
𝑢3𝑥 0.03750
𝑢3𝑦 −0.08055
𝑢4𝑥 = 0.04712 (cm) Para hallar reacciones
𝑢4𝑦 −0.07655
𝑢5𝑥 0.03512
𝑢5𝑦 −0.07502
{𝑢6𝑥 } { 0.0630 }
𝑅1𝑥 = −6000 , 𝑅1𝑦 = 166.67 , 𝑅6𝑦 = 2833.33
𝛿 𝑈𝑥2 −𝑈𝑥1
𝜀= = 𝜀 Deformacion local
1 1
𝑈𝑥𝑖
𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝜃 0 0
1 −𝑠𝑒𝑛𝜃 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 0 0 𝑈𝑦𝑗
𝜀= [−1 − 0 1 0] [ 0
𝐿 0 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝜃] 𝑈𝑦𝑖
0 0 −𝑠𝑒𝑛𝜃 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 [𝑈𝑦𝑗 ]
𝑈𝑥1
1 𝑈𝑦1
𝜀 = [−𝑙 − 𝑚 𝑙 𝑚]
𝐿 𝑈𝑥2
𝑈
[ 𝑦2 ]
Barra 5 entre “3” y “4”
0.03750
1 −0.08055
𝜀= [−0 − 1 0 1] [
200 0.04717 ]
−0.07655
𝑐𝑚
𝜀 = 2. 10−5
𝑐𝑚
𝜎5 = 𝐸 ∗ 𝜀
𝑘𝑔 𝑐𝑚
𝜎5 = 2. 106 2
∗ 2. 105
𝑐𝑚 𝑐𝑚
𝑘𝑔
𝜎5 = 40
𝑐𝑚2
𝑘𝑔
𝑁 = 𝜎5 ∗ 𝐴5 = 40 𝑐𝑚2 ∗ 25𝑐𝑚2
Ejercicio:
Datos:
𝐴1 = 25 𝑐𝑚2
𝐴2 = 10 𝑐𝑚2
𝐸 = 2 ∗ 106 𝑘𝑔/𝑐𝑚2
0 0 0 0
0 66666.67 0 −66666.67
𝐾1 = [0 0 0 0 ]
0 −66666.67 0 66666.67
128000 −96000 −128000 96000
−96000 72000 −96000 −72000
𝐾2 = [ −128000 96000 128000 −96000 ]
96000 −72000 −96000 72000
51200 38400 −51200 −38400
38400 28800 −38400 −28800
𝐾3 = [ −51200 −38400 51200 38400]
−38400 −28800 38400 28800
125000 0 −125000 0
0 0 0 0
𝐾4 = [ −125000 0 125000 0]
0 0 0 0
128000 −96000 −128000 96000
−96000 72000 96000 −72000
𝐾5 = [ −128000 96000 128000 −96000]
96000 −72000 −96000 72000
Ensamblaje de la matriz genérica
𝐾11 𝐾12 𝐾13 𝐾14
𝐾 𝐾22 𝐾23 𝐾24
𝐾 = [ 21 ]
𝐾31 𝐾32 𝐾33 𝐾34
𝐾41 𝐾42 𝐾43 𝐾44
Efectos de cambio de temperatura
El análisis térmico a estructuras hiperestáticas puede ser despreciable
Estructuras isostáticas→ Análisis térmico
Estructuras hiperestáticas → Análisis térmico imperceptible
𝜀𝑇 = 𝛼∆𝑇
Donde:
d = Coeficiente de dilatación de los materiales
∆𝑇 = Variación de temperatura
1/Cº
Hormigón 1.2x10^-5
Acero 1.2x10^-5
Hierro 1.2x10^-5
Plata 3.0x10^-5
Oro 1.5x10^-5
Aluminio 2.4x10^-5
Cobre 1.7x10^-5
Vidrio 0.7x10^-9
Vidrio 0.9x10^-9
𝜎 = 𝐸 ∙ 𝜀𝑇
𝜎 = 𝐸 ∙ 𝛼 ∙ ∆𝑇
𝐹
= 𝐸 ∝∙ ∆𝑇
𝐴
𝐹 = 𝐴𝐸 ∝∙ ∆𝑇
Fuerza por efectos de cambios de temperatura o gradiente térmico
Ejemplo:
Dato
0 0 0 0
𝐾2 = [ 0 100000 0 −100000]
0 0 0 0
0 −100000 0 100000
35 −35 −35 35
−35 35 35 −35
𝐾3 = [ ]
−35 35 35 −35
35 −35 −35 35
100000 0 −100000 0
0 0 0 0
𝐾4 = [ ]
−100000 0 −100000 0
0 0 0 0
Global
𝐾11 𝐾12 𝐾13 𝐾14 𝐾15
𝐾21 𝐾22 𝐾23 𝐾24 𝐾25
𝐾 = 𝐾31 𝐾32 𝐾33 𝐾34 𝐾35
𝐾41 𝐾42 𝐾43 𝐾44 𝐾45
[𝐾51 𝐾52 𝐾53 𝐾54 𝐾55 ]
170710.68 0
𝐾44 = [ ]
0 170710.68
{𝐹} = [𝐾]{𝑢}
𝐹 = 𝐴𝐸 ∝ 𝐴𝑇 = 500001 ∗ 10−5 (30º)
𝐹 = 150 𝐾𝑁
−43.93 170710.68 0 𝑢𝑥1
{ }=[ ]{ }
106.06 0 170710.68 𝑢𝑦4
𝑢𝑥4 170710.68 0 −43.93
{ }=[ ]{ }
𝑢𝑦4 0 170710.68 106.06
𝑢𝑥4 = 2.57 ∗ 10−4 𝑚 → −0.0254𝑐𝑚
𝑢𝑦4 = 6.24 ∗ 10−4 𝑚 → −0.0624𝑐𝑚
CAPITULO 6
APOYOS INCLINADOS Y APOYOS ELÁSTICOS
Ejemplo:
Datos:
𝐸 = 2.0106 𝑘𝑔/𝑐𝑚2
𝐴 = 25 𝑐𝑚
Barra de x1 y1 hasta x2 y2 A L l m lm m^2 l^2 AE/L
1 1 0 0 2 4 3 25 500 0.8 0.6 0.48 -0.64 0.36 100000
2 2 4 3 3 6 0 25 360.56 0.56 -0.83 -0.46 0.31 0.69 138673.17
3 1 0 0 3 6 0 25 600 1 0 0 1 0 83333.3
Matriz General:
147333.33 48000 −64000 −48000 −83333.33 0
48000 36000 −48000 −36000 0 0
−64000 −48000 106988.68 −15789.49 −42988.68 63789.66
−48000 −36000 −15789.66 131684.49 63769.66 −95684.49
−83333.33 0 −42988.06 63789.06 126332.01 −63789.66
{ 0 0 63789.06 −95681.49 −63789.66 95684.49 }
{𝐹} = [𝐾]{𝑢}
[𝐾`] = [𝐻]𝑇 [𝐾][𝐻]
1 0 0 0
0 1 0 0
𝐻=[ ]
0 0 0.866 −0.5
0 0 0.5 0.866
1 0 0 0
0 1 0 0
𝐻𝑇 = [ ]
0 0 0.866 0.5
0 0 −0.5 0.866
𝐿 = √(𝑥1 − 𝑥2 )2 + (𝑦2 − 𝑦1 )2
𝑥1 − 𝑥2
𝑙=
𝐿
𝑦2 − 𝑦1
𝑚=
𝐿
BARRA INICIO x1 y1 FINAL x2 y2 L A l m lm l^2 m^2 AE/L
cm cm2
1 1 0 0 2 4 3 500.00 0.00 0.80 0.60 0.48 0.64 0.36 0.00
2 2 4 3 3 6 0 360.56 0.00 0.55 -0.83 -0.46 0.31 0.69 0.00
3 1 0 0 3 6 0 600.00 0.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 0.00 0.00
4 3 6 0 4 0.00 0.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 2000.00
𝑙2 𝑙𝑚 −𝑙 2 −𝑙𝑚
𝐴𝐸 𝑙𝑚 𝑚2 −𝑙𝑚 −𝑚2 ]
[𝐾] = [
𝐿 −𝑙 2 −𝑙𝑚 𝑙2 𝑙𝑚
−𝑙𝑚 −𝑚2 𝑙𝑚 𝑚2
1 2
64000 48000 -64000 -48000
1
k1 48000 36000 -48000 -36000
-64000 -48000 64000 48000
2
-48000 -36000 48000 36000
2 3
42669.25 -64003.87 -42669.25 64003.87
2
K2 -64003.87 96005.80 64003.87 -96005.80
-42669.25 64003.87 42669.25 -64003.87
3
64003.87 -96005.80 -64003.87 96005.80
1 3
83333.33 0.00 -83333.33 0.00
1
K3 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
-83333.33 0.00 83333.33 0.00
3
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
3 4
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
3
K4 0.00 2000.00 0.00 -2000.00
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
4
0.00 -2000.00 0.00 2000.00
Matriz general:
x1 y1 x2 y2 x3 y3 x4 y4
1 2 3 4
147333.33 48000.00 -64000.00 -48000.00 -83333.33 0.00 0.00 0.00 x1
1
48000.00 36000.00 -48000.00 -36000.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 y1
-64000.00 -48000.00 106669.25 -16003.87 -42669.25 64003.87 0.00 0.00 x2
2
-48000.00 -36000.00 -16003.87 132005.80 64003.87 -96005.80 0.00 0.00 y2
-83333.33 0.00 -42669.25 64003.87 126002.58 -64003.87 0.00 0.00 x3
3
0.00 0.00 64003.87 -96005.80 -64003.87 98005.80 0.00 -2000.00 y3
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 x4
4
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 -2000.00 0.00 2000.00 y4
1000
{𝑢} = [𝐾]−1 −2000
∗{ }
0
0
𝑢𝑥2 0.470455441
𝑢𝑦2 −0.631903551
{ }={ } 𝑐𝑚
𝑢𝑥3 0.014666667
𝑢𝑦3 −0.916666667
0
0
0.470455441
{𝐹} = [𝐾] ∗ −0.631903551
0.014666667
−0.916666667
0
{ 0 }
𝐹𝑥1 −1000.000
𝐹𝑦1 166.667
𝐹𝑥2 1000.000
𝐹𝑦2 −2000.000
= 𝐾𝑔
𝐹𝑥3 0.000
𝐹𝑦3 0.000
𝐹𝑥4 0.000
{𝐹𝑦4} { 1833.333 }
CAPITULO 7
Ejemplo
𝐸 = 2 ∗ 106 𝑘𝑔/𝑐𝑚2
𝐵𝑎𝑟𝑟𝑎 1: 𝐴 = 6 𝑐𝑚2
𝐵𝑎𝑟𝑟𝑎 2: 𝐴 = 9 𝑐𝑚2
𝐵𝑎𝑟𝑟𝑎 3: 𝐴 = 10 𝑐𝑚2
𝐿 = √(𝑥1 − 𝑥2 )2 + (𝑦2 − 𝑦1 )2
𝑥1 − 𝑥2
𝑙=
𝐿
𝑦2 − 𝑦1
𝑚=
𝐿
𝑙2 𝑙𝑚 −𝑙 2 −𝑙𝑚
𝐴𝐸 𝑙𝑚 𝑚2 −𝑙𝑚 −𝑚2 ]
[𝐾] = [
𝐿 −𝑙 2 −𝑙𝑚 𝑙2 𝑙𝑚
−𝑙𝑚 −𝑚2 𝑙𝑚 𝑚2
1 4
1060.66 1060.66 -1060.66 -1060.66
1
1060.66 1060.66 -1060.66 -1060.66
-1060.66 -1060.66 1060.66 1060.66
4
-1060.66 -1060.66 1060.66 1060.66
2 4
804.98 1609.97 -804.98 -1609.97
2
1609.97 3219.94 -1609.97 -3219.94
-804.98 -1609.97 804.98 1609.97 4
1 4
1060.66 1060.66 -1060.66 -1060.66
1
k1 1060.66 1060.66 -1060.66 -1060.66
-1060.66 -1060.66 1060.66 1060.66
4
-1060.66 -1060.66 1060.66 1060.66
3 4
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
3
K3 0.00 5000.00 0.00 -5000.00
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
4
0.00 -5000.00 0.00 5000.00
Matriz General
x1 y1 x2 y2 x3 y3 x4 y4
1 2 3 0
1060.66 1060.66 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 -1060.66 -1060.66 x1
1
1060.66 6060.66 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 -1060.66 -1060.66 y1
0.00 0.00 804.98 1609.97 0.00 0.00 -804.98 -1609.97 x2
2
0.00 0.00 1609.97 3219.94 0.00 0.00 -1609.97 -3219.94 y2
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 x3
3
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 5000.00 0.00 -5000.00 y3
Sin asentamiento:
𝐹4𝑥 = 3𝑇 − 1𝑐𝑜𝑠 (45) = 2.293
𝐹4𝑦 = −2.5𝑇 − 1𝑠𝑒𝑛(45) = −3.207
𝑢𝑥4 0.002931084
{𝑢 } = { }𝑚
𝑦4 −0.001189034
𝑢𝑥4 2.931
{𝑢 } = { } 𝑚𝑚
𝑦4 −1.189
𝐹𝑥1 0
𝐹𝑦1 0
𝐹𝑥2 0
𝐹𝑦2 0
= [𝐾] ∗
𝐹𝑥3 0
𝐹𝑦3 0
𝐹𝑥4 2.931
{𝐹𝑦4} {−1.189}
𝐹𝑥1 −1.847723521
𝐹𝑦1 −1.847723521
𝐹𝑥2 −0.445169698
𝐹𝑦2 −0.890339395
= 𝑇𝑜𝑛
𝐹𝑥3 0
𝐹𝑦3 5.945169698
𝐹𝑥4 2.292893219
{𝐹𝑦4} {−3.207106781}
Con asentamiento:
𝑢𝑥4 0.00817685
{𝑢 } = { }𝑚
𝑦4 −0.004853614
𝑢𝑥4 8.177
{𝑢 } = { } 𝑚𝑚
𝑦4 −4.853
𝐹𝑥1 0
𝐹𝑦1 0
𝐹𝑥2 0
𝐹𝑦2 0
= [𝐾] ∗
𝐹𝑥3 0
𝐹𝑦3 0.004
𝐹𝑥4 0.00818
{𝐹𝑦4} {−0.00485}
𝐹𝑥1 −3.524823828
𝐹𝑦1 −3.524823828
𝐹𝑥2 1.231930609
𝐹𝑦2 2.463861218
= 𝑇𝑜𝑛
𝐹𝑥3 0
𝐹𝑦3 44.26806939
𝐹𝑥4 2.292893219
{𝐹𝑦4} {−43.20710678}
CAPITULO 8
ANÁLISIS 3D DE BARRAS ARTICULADAS
𝑃𝑥 = cos 𝜃𝑥 𝑃𝑥 cos 𝜃𝑥
𝑃𝑦 = cos 𝜃𝑦 {𝑃𝑦 } = {cos 𝜃𝑦 }
𝑃𝑧 = cos 𝜃𝑧 𝑃𝑧 cos 𝜃𝑧
𝑙
𝐾11 = [𝑙 𝑚 𝑛] ∙ [𝐾] ∙ [𝑚]
𝑛
𝑙2 𝑙𝑚 𝑙𝑛
[𝑙𝑚 𝑚2 𝑚𝑛]
𝑙𝑛 𝑚𝑛 𝑛2
𝑥2 − 𝑥1
𝑙=
𝐿
𝑦2 − 𝑦1
𝑚=
𝐿
𝑧2 − 𝑧1
𝑛=
𝐿
𝐿 = √(𝑥2 − 𝑥1 )2 + (𝑦2 − 𝑦1 )2 + (𝑧2 − 𝑧1 )2
Ejemplo 1
1 5
2 5
5122,782 −7684,173 −12806,954 −5122,781 7684,173 12806,954
−7684,173 11526,259 −19210,431 7684,173 −11526,259 −19210,431 2
−12806,954 19210,431 32017,386 12806,954 −19210,431 −32017,386
−5122,782 7684,173 12806,954 5122,782 −7684,173 −12806,954
7684,173 −11526,259 −19210,431 −7684,173 11526,259 19210,431 5
[ 12806,954 −19210,431 −32017,386 −12806,954 19210,431 32017,386 ]
3 5
5122,782 7684,173 −12806,954 −5122,781 −7684,173 12806,954
7684,173 11526,259 −19210,431 −7684,173 −11526,259 19210,431 3
−12806,954 −19210,431 32017,386 12806,954 19210,431 −32017,386
−5122,782 −7684,173 12806,954 5122,782 7684,173 −12806,954
−7684,173 −11526,259 19210,431 7684,173 11526,259 −19210,431 5
[ 12806,954 19210,431 −32017,386 −12806,954 −19210,431 32017,386]
4 5
5122,782 −7684,173 12806,954 −5122,781 7684,173 −12806,954
−7684,173 11526,259 −19210,431 7684,173 −11526,259 19210,431 4
12806,954 −19210,431 32017,386 −12806,954 19210,431 −32017,386
−5122,782 7684,173 −12806,954 5122,782 −7684,173 12806,954
7684,173 −11526,259 19210,431 −7684,173 11526,259 −19210,431 5
[−12806,954 19210,431 −32017,386 12806,954 −19210,431 32017,386]
Barra # 1
1 5
𝐾 𝐾121 1
[ 111 ]
𝐾211 𝐾221 5
2 5
𝐾 𝐾122 2
[ 112 ]
𝐾212 𝐾222 5
3 5
CODIGO: 6857279 ALISON MELISSA VEGA AGUIRRE
3
5
ESCUELA MILITAR DE INGENIERÍA
ANÁLISIS MATRICIAL DE ESTRUCTURAS – ING. GERALD ASTORGA
𝐾113 𝐾123
[ ]
𝐾213 𝐾223
4 5
𝐾 𝐾124 4
[ 114 ]
𝐾214 𝐾224 5
5122.78 (4) 0 0
𝐾= [ 0 11526024(4) 0 ]
0 0 32017.39 (4)
20491.13 0 0
𝐾= [ 0 46105.04 0 ]
0 0 128069.54
cm
𝑈𝑥5 −0.1952
{𝑈𝑦5 } = { 0.0650 }
𝑈𝑧5 −0.0117
CAPITULO 9
MARCO RÍGIDO
Axial → Solo una rigidez:
{𝐹} = [𝐾1 ] ∗ {𝑢}
Momento Flector:
{𝑀} = [𝐾2 ] ∗ {𝜃}
Esfuerzo cortante:
{𝑄} = [𝐾3 ] ∗ {𝛿}
𝑀𝑖 − 𝑀𝑗 𝑀𝑖 − 𝑀𝑗
𝑄𝑖 = 𝑄𝑗 = − ( )
𝐿 𝐿
𝑑2 𝑦
𝑀1 = 𝐸𝐼 2 (𝑎)
𝑑𝑥
𝑀1 = 𝑄𝑖 𝑥 − 𝑀𝑖 (𝑏)
(a) = (b)
𝑑2 𝑦
𝐸𝐼 = 𝑄𝑖 𝑥 − 𝑀𝑖
𝑑𝑥 2
Integrando 1 vez:
𝑑𝑦 𝑥2
𝐸𝐼 = 𝑄𝑖 − 𝑀𝑖 𝑥 + 𝐶1 (𝐴)
𝑑𝑥 2
Integrando 2 veces:
𝑥3 𝑥2
𝐸𝐼𝑦 = 𝑄𝑖 − 𝑀𝑖 + 𝐶1 𝑥 + 𝐶2 (𝐵)
6 2
Se reemplaza las condiciones de Bordé en la ecuación (A) debido a que se está
analizando la rotación.
Condiciones de Borde:
X=0 Y=0
X=L Y=0
X=L dy/dx =0
𝑀𝑖 + 𝑀𝑗
𝐶1 = ( )𝐿
2
Entonces:
𝑑𝑦 𝑀𝑖 − 𝑀𝑗 𝑥 2 𝑀𝑖 + 𝑀𝑗
𝐸𝐼 =( ) − 𝑀𝑖 𝑥 + ( )𝐿 (1)
𝑑𝑥 𝐿 2 2
𝑀𝑖 − 𝑀𝑗 𝑥 3 𝑥2 𝑀𝑖 + 𝑀𝑗
𝐸𝐼𝑦 = ( ) − 𝑀𝑖 + ( ) 𝐿𝑥 (2)
𝐿 6 2 2
Cuando:
X=L Y=0 en (2)
𝑀𝑖 − 𝑀𝑗 𝐿3 𝐿2 𝑀𝑖 + 𝑀𝑗
0=( ) − 𝑀𝑖 + ( )𝐿 ∗𝐿
𝐿 6 2 2
𝑀𝑖 = −2𝑀𝑗
𝑀𝑗
𝑀𝑗 = −
2
𝑑𝑦
= 𝜃
𝑑𝑥
𝑀𝑗
𝑀𝑖 − 2
𝐸𝐼 𝜃 = ( )𝐿
2
2𝐸𝐼
𝑀𝑗 = − 𝜃
𝐿
4𝐸𝐼
𝑀𝑖 = 𝜃
𝐿
4𝐸𝐼 2𝐸𝐼
( 𝐿 − ( 𝐿 ))
𝑀𝑖 − 𝑀𝑗
𝑄𝑖 = = 𝜃
𝐿 𝐿
6𝐸𝐼 6𝐸𝐼
𝑄𝑖 = 𝜃 𝑄𝑗 = −𝑄𝑖 = 𝜃
𝐿2 𝐿2
𝑀1 = 𝑄𝑖 𝑥 + 𝑀𝑖
𝑑2𝑦
𝐸𝐼 2 = −𝑄𝑖 𝑥 − 𝑀𝑖
𝑑𝑥
Integrando 1 vez:
𝑑𝑦 𝑥2
𝐸𝐼 = −𝑄𝑖 + 𝑀𝑖 𝑥 + 𝐶1 (𝐴)
𝑑𝑥 2
Integrando 2 veces:
𝑥3 𝑥2
𝐸𝐼𝑦 = −𝑄𝑖 + 𝑀𝑖 + 𝐶1 𝑥 + 𝐶2 (𝐵)
6 2
𝐶1 = 𝐶2 = 0
Al imponer un desplazamiento:
𝑥=𝐿 𝛿 =?
𝑀𝑖 + 𝑀𝑗 𝐿3 𝐿2
𝐸𝐼𝛿 = − ( ) + 𝑀𝑖
𝐿 6 2
𝑀𝑖 = 𝑀𝑗
2𝑀𝑖 𝐿3 𝐿2
𝐸𝐼𝛿 = − ( ) + 𝑀𝑖
𝐿 6 2
6𝐸𝐼 6𝐸𝐼
𝑀𝑖 = 𝛿 𝑀𝑗 = 𝛿
𝐿2 𝐿2
𝑀𝑖 + 𝑀𝑗 12𝐸𝐼
𝑄𝑖 = = 3 𝛿
𝐿 𝐿
12𝐸𝐼 12𝐸𝐼
𝑄𝑖 = 𝛿 𝑄𝑗 = − 𝛿
𝐿3 𝐿3
Entonces la matriz de rigidez será:
EJEMPLO
fc´=?
Viga= 15x20
Θ= 0.01434 rad
Tramo 1-2
Trabajo Virtual
𝑀𝑚1 𝑚1 𝑚1 𝑚2 𝑚2
∫ 𝑑𝑥 + ∫ 𝑑𝑥 𝑅𝑖 + ∫ 𝑑𝑥 𝑀𝑖 = 0
𝐸𝐼 𝐸𝐼 𝐸𝐼
𝑀𝑚2 𝑚2 𝑚2 𝑚2 𝑚2
∫ 𝑑𝑥 + ∫ 𝑑𝑥 𝑅𝑖 + ∫ 𝑑𝑥 𝑀𝑖 = 0
𝐸𝐼 𝐸𝐼 𝐸𝐼
𝑥
𝑀 = −𝑤𝑥
2
𝑥2
𝑀 = −𝑤
2
𝑚1 = 𝑥
𝑚2 = −1
𝑤𝐿2 𝐿3 𝐿2
− + 𝑅𝑖 − 𝑀 =0 (𝑎)
8𝐸𝐼 3𝐸𝐼 2𝐸𝐼 𝑖
𝑤𝐿3 𝐿2 𝐿
− 𝑅𝑖 + 𝑀 =0 (𝑏)
6𝐸𝐼 2𝐸𝐼 2𝐸𝐼 𝑖
𝐿 𝐿
0≤𝑥≤ ≤𝑥
2 2
𝑀1 = 0
𝐿
𝑀2 = −𝑃 (𝑥 − )
2
𝑃𝐿
𝑀2 = −𝑃𝑥 +
2
𝑀𝑚1 𝑚1 𝑚1 𝑚2 𝑚2
∫ 𝑑𝑥 + ∫ 𝑑𝑥 𝑅𝑖 + ∫ 𝑑𝑥 𝑀𝑖 = 0
𝐸𝐼 𝐸𝐼 𝐸𝐼
𝑀𝑚2 𝑚2 𝑚2 𝑚2 𝑚2
∫ 𝑑𝑥 + ∫ 𝑑𝑥 𝑅𝑖 + ∫ 𝑑𝑥 𝑀𝑖 = 0
𝐸𝐼 𝐸𝐼 𝐸𝐼
Integrando:
5𝑃2 𝐿3 𝐿2
− + 𝑅𝑖 − 𝑀 =0 (𝑎)
48𝐸𝐼 3𝐸𝐼 2𝐸𝐼 𝑖
16𝑃𝐿3 𝐿2 𝐿
− 𝑅𝑖 + 𝑀 =0 (𝑏)
8𝐸𝐼 42𝐸𝐼 2𝐸𝐼 𝑖
Resolviendo el sistema de ecuaciones (a) y (b) de tiene:
𝑃
𝑅𝑖 =
2
𝑃𝐿
𝑀𝑖 =
8
𝑀1 = −26666.67 𝐹1𝑦 = −4000 𝐹1𝑥 = 0
2𝐸𝐼 2 1 2𝐸𝐼 2 1
𝐾1 = [ ] 𝐾2 = [ ]
𝐿1 1 2 𝐿2 1 2
0.01 0.005 0
𝐾 = [0.005 0.0167 0.0033]
0 0.0033 0.0067
{𝑀} = [𝐾]{𝜃}
𝜃1 1 −446488.62
{𝜃2 } = {35964391.69}
𝜃3 𝐸𝐼
27062314.54
𝜃2 = 0.01434 𝑟𝑎𝑑
1
𝜃2 = 3.5964391.69
𝐸𝐼
𝑏ℎ3 203
𝐼= = 15 ∗ = 10000 𝑐𝑚4
12 12
1
𝐸= 35964391.69
10000 ∗ 0.01434
𝐾𝑔⁄
𝐸 = 250797.71 𝑐𝑚2
CODIGO: 6857279 ALISON MELISSA VEGA AGUIRRE
ESCUELA MILITAR DE INGENIERÍA
ANÁLISIS MATRICIAL DE ESTRUCTURAS – ING. GERALD ASTORGA
𝐾𝑔⁄
𝐸 = 15000√𝑓´𝑐 = 279.5 𝑐𝑚2
H-28
Sin embargo es un tipo de hormigón muy costoso por lo que se puede aumentar o
disminuir la altura de la viga.
Ejemplo
Grafico
1) Numeración de nodos.
2) Transformación de coordenadas.
{𝑊𝑥 } = [𝑇]{𝑤}
𝑊𝑥 cos 𝜃 sin 𝜃 𝑤𝑥
{𝑊 } = [ ]{ }
𝑦 − sin 𝜃 cos 𝜃 𝑤𝑦
Para las barras ① y ③
𝑊𝑥 0.866 0.5 0
{𝑊 } = [ ]{ }
𝑦 −0.5 0.866 −1000
𝑊𝑥 500
{𝑊 } = { }
𝑦 −866.03
Para la barra ②
𝑊𝑥 0.866 0.5 0
{𝑊 } = [ ]{ }
𝑦 −0.5 0.866 −2000
𝑊𝑥 −1000
{𝑊 } = { }
𝑦 −1732
3)
Grafico
4) Vector Fuerzas
𝐹1𝑥 −250
𝐹1𝑦 −433
𝑀1 −7216.875
𝐹2𝑥 −3250
𝐹2𝑦 −5629
𝑀2 −512398.125
𝐹3𝑦 = −3250
𝐹3𝑦 −5629
𝑀3 512398.125
𝐹4𝑦 −250
𝐹4𝑦 −433
{ 𝑀4 } { 7216.875 }
5) Matriz de rigidez local de cada barra
Barra: 1 y3 f´c= 210 kg/cm2 cm cm
Nodo i: 1 Nodo j: 2 b= 25 h= 30
k2 0 -1610,15297 -483045,8915
0 483045,892 96609178,31
0 1610,15297
0 -483045,892
-483045,8915 uy2
193218356,62 R2