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List No.

07
Problems proposed in the course of method numerical
Environmental Engineering

Problems to be solved by hand.

1. Gauss. La matriz aumentada Ab = [Ab | b] proviene de un sistema de


ecuaciones lineales. Determinar si el sistema escalonado tiene solución única,
tiene infinitas soluciones o no tiene solución. Presentar la solución. 1 2 3

a) c)
 
0 −1 2 −1 0 3 −3 
1 1 2 −1

 0 0 1 0 −1 1 2 
Ab =    0 −1 1 2 
0 0 0 0 0 2 1   
Ab =  0 0 4 0 
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 
 0 0 0 0 

b) 0 0 0 0
 
2 −1 −2 3 0 −3 3
 0 2 1 0 −1 1 4 
Ab = 
 0 0 −1 0 0 2 6 

0 0 0 0 0 0 2

2. Gauss. Utilizar el método de Gauss para encontrar una matriz H equivalente


a la matriz dada que esté en forma escalonada.

a) b)

 
  3 −2 1 1 4
0 1 −1 2 1 0  2 −1 1 2 3 
B=
 −2 1 1 0 1 

A=0 2 1 1 1 3
0 4 −1 2 1 6 5 −2 3 1 1
1
El método de Gauss sirve para llevar una matriz a una forma escalonada equivalente aplicando operaciones de fila.
2
Para resolver un sistema de ecuaciones se lleva la matriz aumentada a una forma escalonda y luego se aplica
sustitución regresiva, esto es el método de Gauss.
3
El método de Gauss-Jordan lleva a una matriz a su forma escalonada reducida

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c) e)  
0 0 4

−1 2 1 1 3
 E =  0 1 −3 
C= 0 2 4
3 −6 4 −2 −5
f)
d) 
1 2 −1 1

 

 2 −2 3 4 

−1 2 3 −1 1 0  1 2 −4 6 
F= 
 2 4 3 −1 2 1  2 −1 1 2 
D=   
 3 −1 2 1 1 8  2 −3 1 5 
4 7 −4 2 −2 4 −3 2 1 1

3. Gauss-Jordan. Utilizar el método de Gauss-Jordan para resolver los sistemas


de ecuaciones.
a) c)
x1 − 2x3 + x4 = 4 2x1 + 5x2 − 4x3 = −2
2x1 − x2 + x3 − 3x4 = −2 2x1 + 4x2 − x3 = 1
9x1 − 3x2 − x3 − 7x4 = 3 4x1 − 2x2 + 5x3 − 7x4 = 9
b)
x1 + 2x2 − 3x3 + x4 = −7
3x1 + 6x2 − 8x3 − 2x4 = −9

4. Método de Gauss. Use el método de Gauss para resolver el sistema de


ecuaciones.

a)
3x1 + x2 + x3 − x4 + 2x5 = 1
2x1 − x2 + 2x3 − x4 + x5 = 2
3x1 + x2 − 2x3 − x4 − 2x5 = 1

b)
x1 + 5x2 + 4x3 − 13x4 = 5
3x1 − x2 + 2x3 + 5x4 = −3
2x1 + 2x2 + 3x3 − 4x4 = 1

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c)

x1 − 2x2 + x3 = 4
2x1 − x2 − x3 + x4 = 5
x1 + x2 + 4x3 = 2
x1 − 3x2 + x3 + x4 = 5

d)

2x1 + x2 − 3x3 = −5
3x1 − 2x2 + 2x3 = 9
5x1 − 3x2 − x3 = 6

e)

x1 + 2x2 − 3x3 + x4 + x5 + 3x6 = 1


2x1 − x2 + 2x3 + x4 + 3x5 − 4x6 = 3
3x1 − 2x2 + 4x3 + 2x4 + x5 + x6 = 4
−3x1 + x2 − x3 + 2x4 + x5 + x6 = −1

5. Gauss-Jordan elimination method. Solve the following system of equa-


tions with the Gauss-Jordan elimination method.

4x1 + 3x2 + 2x3 + x4 = 17


2x1 − x2 + 2x3 − 4x4 = 11
x1 + 2x2 − 2x3 − x4 = 8

6. Gauss-Jordan elimination method. Find the inverse4 of the matrix using


the Gauss-Jordan method.
 
10 12 0
A= 0 2 8
2 4 8
4
Para encontrar la inversa de una matriz A utilizando eliminación gaussiana transformar la matriz aumentada
[A|In ] donde In es la matriz identidad del mismo orden que la matriz A, entonces transformarla a la forma [In |B],
entonces B = A−1 .

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7. M-File. In a Cartesian coordinate system the equation of a circle with its
center at point (a, b) and radius r is

(x − a)2 + (y − b)2 = r2

Given three points, (−1, 3.2), (−8, 4) and (-6.5, -9.3), determine the equation
of the circle that passes through the points. Solve the problem by deriving a
system of three linear equations (substitute the points in the equation) and
solve the system.

8. M-File. In a 3D Cartesian coordinate system the equation of a plane is:

ax + by + cz = d

Given three points, (2, −3, −2), (5, 2, 1) and (−1, 5, 4), determine the equation
of the plane that passes through the points.

9. M-File. Three masses, m1 = 2 kg, m2 = 3 kg, and m3 = 1.5 kg, are attached
to springs, k1 = 30 N/m, k2 = 25 N/m, k3 = 20 N/m, and k4 = 15 N/m, as
shown. Initially the masses are positioned such that the springs are in their
natural length (not stretched or compressed); then the masses are slowly relea-
sed and move downward to an equilibrium position as shown. The equilibrium
equations of the three masses are

(k1 + k2 + k3 )u1 − k3u2 = m1 g


−k3 u1 + (k3 + k4 )u2 − k4u3 = m2 g
−k4u2 + k4u3 = m3 g

where u1, u2 and u3 are the relative displacement of each mass as shown.
Determine the displacement of the three masses. (g = 9.81 m/s2 )

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10. M-File. The axial force Fi in each of the 13 member pin connected truss,
shown in the figure, can be calculated by solving the following system of 13
equations:

F2 + 0.707F1 = 0
F3 − 0.707F1 − 2000 = 0
0.7071F1 + F4 + 6229 = 0
−F2 + 0.659F5 + F7 = 0
−F4 − 0.753F5 − 600 = 0
−F3 − 0.659F5 + F7 = 0
0.753F5 + F8 = 0
−F6 + 0.659F9 + F10 = 0
−F8 − 0.753F9 − 800 = 0
−F7 − 0.659F9 + F10 = 0
0.753F9 + F12 − 2429 = 0
−F10 + 0.707F13 = 0
−F12 − 0.7071F13 − 600 = 0

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11. M-File. The current i1 , i2 , i3, i4 and i5 in the circuit that is shown can be
determined from the solution of the following system of equations (Obtained
by applying Kirchoff’s law.)

9,5i1 − 2,5i2 − 2i4 = 12


−2,5i1 + 11i2 − 3,5i3 − 5i5 = −16
−3,5i2 + 15,5i3 − 4i5 = 14
−2i1 + 7i4 − 3i5 = 10
−5i2 − 4i3 − 3i4 + 12i5 = −30

Solve the system using Gauss method.

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