Olympic Games produce tangible and intangible effects that have been extensively researched; howe... more Olympic Games produce tangible and intangible effects that have been extensively researched; however, little is known on the importance of Olympic success to the population. The purpose of this study was to investigate the value of Olympic success using the contingent valuation method (CVM). The empirical evaluation is undertaken with data from a nationwide population survey in Germany (n 02006). Residents were asked to state their willingness-to-pay (WTP) for Germany being ranked first in the medal table and for a German winning a gold medal in track and field at the 2012 London Olympics. Average WTP amounts to t6.13 and t5.21, respectively. The regression results show that consumption capital and intangible factors were significant determinants of WTP. The findings can be integrated into cost-benefit analyses that are carried out for major sport events and can help justifying the use of taxpayer money to finance major sport events and elite sport development.
ABSTRACT This study analyses the behaviour of active sport tourists based on theories of experien... more ABSTRACT This study analyses the behaviour of active sport tourists based on theories of experience and by applying such theories to a winter sport setting. The aim of this article is to empirically investigate the influence of performed sport activities on the perceived winter sport tourist experience. This research question was investigated using a survey by means of a self-administered questionnaire. In the city of Oberstdorf, Germany, n = 381 winter sport tourists were questioned about their activities, behaviour, and their perception of the winter sport experience. The results reveal that the activities performed by the tourists have an impact on their perceived winter sport experience. Particularly, alpine skiing and sledging as well as a combination of a range of activities contributed to the winter sport experience. Interestingly, different activities were found to drive different dimensions of the winter sport experience.
European Review of Aging and Physical Activity, 2010
Due to the demographic situation in nowadays societies, physical activity, and sport expenditure ... more Due to the demographic situation in nowadays societies, physical activity, and sport expenditure have to be analysed from a demographic as well as socioeconomical perspective. This means that determinants such as age, gender, nationality/ethnicity, income, time, educational level, profession, and social status have to be taken into account. However, when comparing the various studies, the different methods of analysis and different operationalisation of variables have to be considered. This is in particular vital investigating age. Whilst cross-sectional studies point out that physical activity generally decreases with increasing age, longitudinal analyses come to different results. Previous studies indicate that pertaining to gender more men take part in sports than women. However, considering period and cohort effects, recent longitudinal studies showed that women participate more in sport than in the past. Besides, it was found out that men generally tend to spend more money on sports than women do. A further finding is that the educational level influences physical activity positively. Research revealed that income had a positive impact on both, physical activity and sport expenditure.
European Review of Aging and Physical Activity, 2010
Due to the demographic situation in nowadays societies, physical activity, and sport expenditure ... more Due to the demographic situation in nowadays societies, physical activity, and sport expenditure have to be analysed from a demographic as well as socioeconomical perspective. This means that determinants such as age, gender, nationality/ethnicity, income, time, educational level, profession, and social status have to be taken into account. However, when comparing the various studies, the different methods of analysis and different operationalisation of variables have to be considered. This is in particular vital investigating age. Whilst cross-sectional studies point out that physical activity generally decreases with increasing age, longitudinal analyses come to different results. Previous studies indicate that pertaining to gender more men take part in sports than women. However, considering period and cohort effects, recent longitudinal studies showed that women participate more in sport than in the past. Besides, it was found out that men generally tend to spend more money on sports than women do. A further finding is that the educational level influences physical activity positively. Research revealed that income had a positive impact on both, physical activity and sport expenditure.
In der vierten Welle des Sportentwicklungsberichtes gab es erstmals ergänzend zum Kernfragebogen ... more In der vierten Welle des Sportentwicklungsberichtes gab es erstmals ergänzend zum Kernfragebogen einen Abteilungsfragebogen. Hintergrund dieses Abteilungsfragebogens war es, die Strukturen der Sportvereine auf Abteilungsebene noch detaillierter untersuchen zu können, denn obwohl die überwiegende Mehrzahl der Sportvereine Einspartenvereine sind (63 % in der aktuellen Welle), besteht der durchschnittliche Sportverein dennoch aus 3,1 Abteilungen 49 und bietet somit mehr als nur eine Sportart an. Ziel des Abteilungsfragebogens war es daher, weitergehende Angaben zum Angebot, zu den Trainern, Übungsleitern, Betreuern sowie Kampfrichtern der einzelnen Abteilungen der Sportvereine zu erhalten. Weiterhin wurden Informationen zur Abteilungsleitung sowie zu den freiwilligen Helfern auf Abteilungsebene gesammelt. Auf Basis der Abteilungsbefragung können folglich Strukturen der Abteilungen analysiert und somit Gemeinsamkeiten, aber auch Unterschiede zwischen den Sportvereinen und ihren Abteilungen dargestellt werden. Den Abteilungsfragebogen erhielten die Vereine in Abhängigkeit von ihren Angaben im Bereich der Sportarten. Hatte ein Vereinsvertreter beispielsweise angegeben, dass die Sportarten Fußball, Handball und Schwimmen in seinem Verein angeboten werden, dann wurden diesem Verein anschließend an den Kernfragebogen jeweils drei Abteilungsfragebögen für die genannten Sportarten zum Ausfüllen bereitgestellt. Insgesamt haben 62,3 % der teilnehmenden Vereine stimmige Angaben im Abteilungsteil gemacht, d.h. ein Verein mit bspw. drei angebotenen Sportarten, d.h. drei Abteilungen, hat im Bereich des Abteilungsfragebogens zu allen drei Abteilungen Angaben gemacht. Allerdings zeigt sich, dass mit steigender Abteilungsanzahl die Beteiligung der Vereine am Abteilungsfragebogen rückläufig war. So haben 65,9 % der Einspartenvereine Angaben im Abteilungsfragebogen gemacht, jedoch nur 56,2 % der Mehrspartenvereine. Der vorliegende Bericht stellt die Situation von elf ausgewählten Sportarten und ihren entsprechenden Abteilungen im Sportverein dar. Ausgewählt wurden die vier Sportarten, zu denen im Rahmen der 4. Welle des Sportentwicklungsberichtes bereits Sonderauswertungen erstellt wurden. Dies sind die Sportarten Fußball, Tauchen, Tennis und Tischtennis. Darüber hinaus wurden sieben weitere Sportarten, die sowohl hinsichtlich der Beteiligung als auch hinsichtlich der 49 Vgl. hierzu SEB-Themenbericht "Strategien und ihre Bedeutungen" (Breuer, Feiler & Wicker, 2013). Der Sportverein und seine Abteilungen Sportentwicklungsbericht 2011/2012 221 Gesamtanzahl an existierenden Vereinen quantitativ von besonderer Bedeutung sind, in die Auswertung mit einbezogen. Hierbei handelt es sich um die Sportarten Badminton, Handball, Leichtathletik, Schießsport, Schwimmen, Turnen und Volleyball. 8.2 Sportartendifferenzierung: Strukturen ausgewählter Abteilungen im Sportverein 8.2.1 Angebote Die Vereine wurden im Abteilungsfragebogen gebeten, Angaben zu den von ihnen bereitgestellten Sportangeboten zu machen. Hierbei wurde insbesondere abgefragt, ob die Angebote ganzjährig verfügbar sind und, falls dies der Fall ist, ob sie auch in den Schulferien stattfinden. Sollte es sich um nicht-ganzjährige Angebote handeln, wurden die Vereine zusätzlich gebeten, die Anzahl der Wochen pro Jahr anzugeben, in denen die Angebote bereitgestellt werden. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass in den Abteilungen der Sportarten Schießsport, Badminton, Fußball, Handball und Tischtennis über 80 % der Vereine mit entsprechenden Abteilungen ganzjährige Angebote anbieten können. Aber auch in den Bereichen Turnen, Volleyball, Tauchen und Leichtathletik können in über 70 % der Abteilungen die Angebote ganzjährig genutzt werden (vgl. Tab. 1). Etwas niedriger liegen die Werte in den Sportarten Tennis (49,6 %) und Schwimmen (67,9 %). Dies dürfte auf saisonale Gegebenheiten bzw. die Sportstättensituation zurückzuführen sein, denn insbesondere im Bereich Schwimmen werden in vielen Gemeinden die Hallenbäder im Sommer geschlossen. Ähnlich dürfte es sich im Bereich Tennis verhalten, nur dass hier die Saison eher in den Sommermonaten stattfindet und die Angebote auf Tennisfreiplätzen bereitgestellt werden.
ABSTRACT A unique selling proposition is vital for a destination in order to differentiate it fro... more ABSTRACT A unique selling proposition is vital for a destination in order to differentiate it from its competitors and to satisfy visitors' needs. Thus, the purpose of this paper is to test whether an adapted destination competitiveness model is empirically applicable for the demand side of a destination, and to discern what elements of destination competitiveness have an impact on the sport tourists' perceived satisfaction with their destination experience. A questionnaire survey of 1050 winter sport tourists was conducted in three municipalities in Germany, Austria, and Switzerland in February 2011. The study confirms the applicability of the adapted model to research on demand side destination competitiveness. The results suggested that, from the tourist's perspective, infrastructure, accessibility, hospitality, mix of activities available within the destination, and the image of the destination are important factors for perceived satisfaction. Moreover, tourists were looking to spend their holidays at a place they consider to be safe. The adapted destination competitiveness model revealed that the tourists' perceived satisfaction was particularly influenced by supporting factors and qualifying and amplifying determinants.
International Journal of Sport Finance, Jun 1, 2014
Previous research has examined the financial and volunteer problems of non-profit sport clubs in ... more Previous research has examined the financial and volunteer problems of non-profit sport clubs in an isolated manner and has neglected the influence that sponsorship and subsidy funding, which we term as external funding, may have on both problems. The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of this external funding on financial and volunteer problems, and the relationship between both types of problems. Using data from a survey of sport clubs in Germany, a bivariate probit model is estimated. The results provide evidence that both problems are interrelated. Clubs relying on sponsorship income experience larger financial and volunteer problems, while subsidies only increase volunteer problems. Moreover, club philosophy variables significantly impact both types of problems while governance structure does not. Internal revenues and miscellaneous external revenues have no significant impact on either type of problem. The findings have implications for club management.
Http Dx Doi Org 10 1080 14775085 2012 729905, May 1, 2012
ABSTRACT This study analyses the behaviour of active sport tourists based on theories of experien... more ABSTRACT This study analyses the behaviour of active sport tourists based on theories of experience and by applying such theories to a winter sport setting. The aim of this article is to empirically investigate the influence of performed sport activities on the perceived winter sport tourist experience. This research question was investigated using a survey by means of a self-administered questionnaire. In the city of Oberstdorf, Germany, n = 381 winter sport tourists were questioned about their activities, behaviour, and their perception of the winter sport experience. The results reveal that the activities performed by the tourists have an impact on their perceived winter sport experience. Particularly, alpine skiing and sledging as well as a combination of a range of activities contributed to the winter sport experience. Interestingly, different activities were found to drive different dimensions of the winter sport experience.
Olympic Games produce tangible and intangible effects that have been extensively researched; howe... more Olympic Games produce tangible and intangible effects that have been extensively researched; however, little is known on the importance of Olympic success to the population. The purpose of this study was to investigate the value of Olympic success using the contingent valuation method (CVM). The empirical evaluation is undertaken with data from a nationwide population survey in Germany (n 02006). Residents were asked to state their willingness-to-pay (WTP) for Germany being ranked first in the medal table and for a German winning a gold medal in track and field at the 2012 London Olympics. Average WTP amounts to t6.13 and t5.21, respectively. The regression results show that consumption capital and intangible factors were significant determinants of WTP. The findings can be integrated into cost-benefit analyses that are carried out for major sport events and can help justifying the use of taxpayer money to finance major sport events and elite sport development.
ABSTRACT This study analyses the behaviour of active sport tourists based on theories of experien... more ABSTRACT This study analyses the behaviour of active sport tourists based on theories of experience and by applying such theories to a winter sport setting. The aim of this article is to empirically investigate the influence of performed sport activities on the perceived winter sport tourist experience. This research question was investigated using a survey by means of a self-administered questionnaire. In the city of Oberstdorf, Germany, n = 381 winter sport tourists were questioned about their activities, behaviour, and their perception of the winter sport experience. The results reveal that the activities performed by the tourists have an impact on their perceived winter sport experience. Particularly, alpine skiing and sledging as well as a combination of a range of activities contributed to the winter sport experience. Interestingly, different activities were found to drive different dimensions of the winter sport experience.
European Review of Aging and Physical Activity, 2010
Due to the demographic situation in nowadays societies, physical activity, and sport expenditure ... more Due to the demographic situation in nowadays societies, physical activity, and sport expenditure have to be analysed from a demographic as well as socioeconomical perspective. This means that determinants such as age, gender, nationality/ethnicity, income, time, educational level, profession, and social status have to be taken into account. However, when comparing the various studies, the different methods of analysis and different operationalisation of variables have to be considered. This is in particular vital investigating age. Whilst cross-sectional studies point out that physical activity generally decreases with increasing age, longitudinal analyses come to different results. Previous studies indicate that pertaining to gender more men take part in sports than women. However, considering period and cohort effects, recent longitudinal studies showed that women participate more in sport than in the past. Besides, it was found out that men generally tend to spend more money on sports than women do. A further finding is that the educational level influences physical activity positively. Research revealed that income had a positive impact on both, physical activity and sport expenditure.
European Review of Aging and Physical Activity, 2010
Due to the demographic situation in nowadays societies, physical activity, and sport expenditure ... more Due to the demographic situation in nowadays societies, physical activity, and sport expenditure have to be analysed from a demographic as well as socioeconomical perspective. This means that determinants such as age, gender, nationality/ethnicity, income, time, educational level, profession, and social status have to be taken into account. However, when comparing the various studies, the different methods of analysis and different operationalisation of variables have to be considered. This is in particular vital investigating age. Whilst cross-sectional studies point out that physical activity generally decreases with increasing age, longitudinal analyses come to different results. Previous studies indicate that pertaining to gender more men take part in sports than women. However, considering period and cohort effects, recent longitudinal studies showed that women participate more in sport than in the past. Besides, it was found out that men generally tend to spend more money on sports than women do. A further finding is that the educational level influences physical activity positively. Research revealed that income had a positive impact on both, physical activity and sport expenditure.
In der vierten Welle des Sportentwicklungsberichtes gab es erstmals ergänzend zum Kernfragebogen ... more In der vierten Welle des Sportentwicklungsberichtes gab es erstmals ergänzend zum Kernfragebogen einen Abteilungsfragebogen. Hintergrund dieses Abteilungsfragebogens war es, die Strukturen der Sportvereine auf Abteilungsebene noch detaillierter untersuchen zu können, denn obwohl die überwiegende Mehrzahl der Sportvereine Einspartenvereine sind (63 % in der aktuellen Welle), besteht der durchschnittliche Sportverein dennoch aus 3,1 Abteilungen 49 und bietet somit mehr als nur eine Sportart an. Ziel des Abteilungsfragebogens war es daher, weitergehende Angaben zum Angebot, zu den Trainern, Übungsleitern, Betreuern sowie Kampfrichtern der einzelnen Abteilungen der Sportvereine zu erhalten. Weiterhin wurden Informationen zur Abteilungsleitung sowie zu den freiwilligen Helfern auf Abteilungsebene gesammelt. Auf Basis der Abteilungsbefragung können folglich Strukturen der Abteilungen analysiert und somit Gemeinsamkeiten, aber auch Unterschiede zwischen den Sportvereinen und ihren Abteilungen dargestellt werden. Den Abteilungsfragebogen erhielten die Vereine in Abhängigkeit von ihren Angaben im Bereich der Sportarten. Hatte ein Vereinsvertreter beispielsweise angegeben, dass die Sportarten Fußball, Handball und Schwimmen in seinem Verein angeboten werden, dann wurden diesem Verein anschließend an den Kernfragebogen jeweils drei Abteilungsfragebögen für die genannten Sportarten zum Ausfüllen bereitgestellt. Insgesamt haben 62,3 % der teilnehmenden Vereine stimmige Angaben im Abteilungsteil gemacht, d.h. ein Verein mit bspw. drei angebotenen Sportarten, d.h. drei Abteilungen, hat im Bereich des Abteilungsfragebogens zu allen drei Abteilungen Angaben gemacht. Allerdings zeigt sich, dass mit steigender Abteilungsanzahl die Beteiligung der Vereine am Abteilungsfragebogen rückläufig war. So haben 65,9 % der Einspartenvereine Angaben im Abteilungsfragebogen gemacht, jedoch nur 56,2 % der Mehrspartenvereine. Der vorliegende Bericht stellt die Situation von elf ausgewählten Sportarten und ihren entsprechenden Abteilungen im Sportverein dar. Ausgewählt wurden die vier Sportarten, zu denen im Rahmen der 4. Welle des Sportentwicklungsberichtes bereits Sonderauswertungen erstellt wurden. Dies sind die Sportarten Fußball, Tauchen, Tennis und Tischtennis. Darüber hinaus wurden sieben weitere Sportarten, die sowohl hinsichtlich der Beteiligung als auch hinsichtlich der 49 Vgl. hierzu SEB-Themenbericht "Strategien und ihre Bedeutungen" (Breuer, Feiler & Wicker, 2013). Der Sportverein und seine Abteilungen Sportentwicklungsbericht 2011/2012 221 Gesamtanzahl an existierenden Vereinen quantitativ von besonderer Bedeutung sind, in die Auswertung mit einbezogen. Hierbei handelt es sich um die Sportarten Badminton, Handball, Leichtathletik, Schießsport, Schwimmen, Turnen und Volleyball. 8.2 Sportartendifferenzierung: Strukturen ausgewählter Abteilungen im Sportverein 8.2.1 Angebote Die Vereine wurden im Abteilungsfragebogen gebeten, Angaben zu den von ihnen bereitgestellten Sportangeboten zu machen. Hierbei wurde insbesondere abgefragt, ob die Angebote ganzjährig verfügbar sind und, falls dies der Fall ist, ob sie auch in den Schulferien stattfinden. Sollte es sich um nicht-ganzjährige Angebote handeln, wurden die Vereine zusätzlich gebeten, die Anzahl der Wochen pro Jahr anzugeben, in denen die Angebote bereitgestellt werden. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass in den Abteilungen der Sportarten Schießsport, Badminton, Fußball, Handball und Tischtennis über 80 % der Vereine mit entsprechenden Abteilungen ganzjährige Angebote anbieten können. Aber auch in den Bereichen Turnen, Volleyball, Tauchen und Leichtathletik können in über 70 % der Abteilungen die Angebote ganzjährig genutzt werden (vgl. Tab. 1). Etwas niedriger liegen die Werte in den Sportarten Tennis (49,6 %) und Schwimmen (67,9 %). Dies dürfte auf saisonale Gegebenheiten bzw. die Sportstättensituation zurückzuführen sein, denn insbesondere im Bereich Schwimmen werden in vielen Gemeinden die Hallenbäder im Sommer geschlossen. Ähnlich dürfte es sich im Bereich Tennis verhalten, nur dass hier die Saison eher in den Sommermonaten stattfindet und die Angebote auf Tennisfreiplätzen bereitgestellt werden.
ABSTRACT A unique selling proposition is vital for a destination in order to differentiate it fro... more ABSTRACT A unique selling proposition is vital for a destination in order to differentiate it from its competitors and to satisfy visitors' needs. Thus, the purpose of this paper is to test whether an adapted destination competitiveness model is empirically applicable for the demand side of a destination, and to discern what elements of destination competitiveness have an impact on the sport tourists' perceived satisfaction with their destination experience. A questionnaire survey of 1050 winter sport tourists was conducted in three municipalities in Germany, Austria, and Switzerland in February 2011. The study confirms the applicability of the adapted model to research on demand side destination competitiveness. The results suggested that, from the tourist's perspective, infrastructure, accessibility, hospitality, mix of activities available within the destination, and the image of the destination are important factors for perceived satisfaction. Moreover, tourists were looking to spend their holidays at a place they consider to be safe. The adapted destination competitiveness model revealed that the tourists' perceived satisfaction was particularly influenced by supporting factors and qualifying and amplifying determinants.
International Journal of Sport Finance, Jun 1, 2014
Previous research has examined the financial and volunteer problems of non-profit sport clubs in ... more Previous research has examined the financial and volunteer problems of non-profit sport clubs in an isolated manner and has neglected the influence that sponsorship and subsidy funding, which we term as external funding, may have on both problems. The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of this external funding on financial and volunteer problems, and the relationship between both types of problems. Using data from a survey of sport clubs in Germany, a bivariate probit model is estimated. The results provide evidence that both problems are interrelated. Clubs relying on sponsorship income experience larger financial and volunteer problems, while subsidies only increase volunteer problems. Moreover, club philosophy variables significantly impact both types of problems while governance structure does not. Internal revenues and miscellaneous external revenues have no significant impact on either type of problem. The findings have implications for club management.
Http Dx Doi Org 10 1080 14775085 2012 729905, May 1, 2012
ABSTRACT This study analyses the behaviour of active sport tourists based on theories of experien... more ABSTRACT This study analyses the behaviour of active sport tourists based on theories of experience and by applying such theories to a winter sport setting. The aim of this article is to empirically investigate the influence of performed sport activities on the perceived winter sport tourist experience. This research question was investigated using a survey by means of a self-administered questionnaire. In the city of Oberstdorf, Germany, n = 381 winter sport tourists were questioned about their activities, behaviour, and their perception of the winter sport experience. The results reveal that the activities performed by the tourists have an impact on their perceived winter sport experience. Particularly, alpine skiing and sledging as well as a combination of a range of activities contributed to the winter sport experience. Interestingly, different activities were found to drive different dimensions of the winter sport experience.
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Papers by Svenja Feiler