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Shailaj Kumar Shrivastava

Magadh University, Bodh Gaya, Bihar (India), Physics, Principal

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Dr.Shailaj Kumar Shrivastava,M. Sc.(Patna University), NET(JRF/SRF), Ph.D(Delhi University and National Physical Laboratory,New Delhi), Research area: Material Characterization,High-Tc Superconductivity,Thin Films,Condense matter Physics.,Higher Education etc.
Supervisors: Principal, Kanhai Lal Sahu College, Nawada, and Bihar
Phone: 9931493595
Address: K-14, Roadno.4, Siddeshwar Path, Chitraguptanagar, Patna, 800020, Bihar

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Papers by Shailaj Kumar Shrivastava

Academic Cheating And Plagiarism: Detection And Prevention Using Technology

IJ PUBLICATION , 2024

Due to the development of modern technology, academic cheating, and plagiarism have become a seri... more Due to the development of modern technology, academic cheating, and plagiarism have become a serious issue in the education systems of almost all countries. Students can easily access information from the internet and using it without acknowledging the source and harming the reputation of academic institutions. AI tool is promoting high tech plagiarism violating the established rules and regulation governing academic dishonesty. Cheating could be the result of cooperation between student, teacher and administrators; therefore universities should initiate major changes in the examination management process. Cheating and plagiarism shifts the focus of teachers and students away from learning behaviour so the secure hosting of exams, automatically identifying cheating in assessments, and preventive measures like punishment and supervision should be ensured. In this article, the role of technology in the detection and prevention of cheating and plagiarism is highlighted.

New Reforms in Indian Higher Education: Rethinking the Education Model

Lattice Science Publication , 2024

The National Education Policy (NEP)-2020 will bring flexibility to the curriculum through a multi... more The National Education Policy (NEP)-2020 will bring flexibility to the curriculum through a multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary approach, a new assessment process, resource empowerment, multiple exit options, and encouraging internationalization. Adopting an open curriculum with transdisciplinary course patterns, including flexibility in electives, has led to progress in skill development, holistic development, community engagement, technological integration, environmental education, and value-based education. Ranking and accreditation will have a significant impact on the quality of education and research. It is necessary to frame an education policy that will give better results in creativity, development of critical thinking, decision-making skills, and problem-solving abilities. The new reforms aim to enhance the quality and effectiveness of future-ready higher education institutions in India. In this paper, an attempt has been made to present various reforms in the Indian higher education system, its regulatory structure, and teaching pedagogy.

Emerging Software and Tools in Higher Education Institutions

International journal of soft computing and engineering, Jan 30, 2024

Due to digital revolution, new software and tools has been developed by many companies, organizat... more Due to digital revolution, new software and tools has been developed by many companies, organizations and higher education institutions which have created a kind of ease to automate our systems. For institution different software offers wide range of feature like automation, online data management, collaboration, planning, videoconferencing, plagiarism detection, language learning and many more. It has been found that the number of software and tools are being developed every day, therefore it is important to choose and install particular software from different resources. The quality of software is dependent on the process to be followed; therefore, it is necessary to investigate their different features. The risks associated with software include data security, unreliable backup systems, compatibility issues, system glitches, poor user interface, lack of control etc. In this paper, an attempt has been made to provide information about different software and tools that has been used recently in educational institution.

Preparation And Charaterisation of Superconducting YBCO Thin Films Deposited By Magnetron Sputtering Technique

IJRES, 2024

In-situ on-axis dc magnetron on-axis sputtering techniques have been used to grow YBCO films on (... more In-situ on-axis dc magnetron on-axis sputtering techniques have been used to grow YBCO films on (100) SrTiO 3 substrates. The single phase stoichiometric YBCO (123) ceramic targets for sputtering are prepared by solid state reaction technique. The experimental setup for deposition of thin films is described. The deposition parameters affecting the in-situ growth and superconducting properties of high quality YBCO thin films on (100) SrTiO 3 substrate have been optimized. The YBCO thin films deposited on (100) SrTiO 3 substrate are highly c-axis oriented with T c (R=0) of 91.2 K and J c (77K) =1.5x !0 6 A/cm 2. In this paper, important parts of the sputtering system and step by step optimization of sputtering parameters along with spiral growth mechanism of superconducting YBCO films are described.

Emerging Software and Tools in Higher Education Institutions

Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering and Sciences Publication (BEIESP), 2024

Due to digital revolution, new software and tools has been developed by many companies, organizat... more Due to digital revolution, new software and tools has been developed by many companies, organizations and higher education institutions which have created a kind of ease to automate our systems. For institution different software offers wide range of feature like automation, online data management, collaboration, planning, videoconferencing, plagiarism detection, language learning and many more. It has been found that the number of software and tools are being developed every day, therefore it is important to choose and install particular software from different resources. The quality of software is dependent on the process to be followed; therefore, it is necessary to investigate their different features. The risks associated with software include data security, unreliable backup systems, compatibility issues, system glitches, poor user interface, lack of control etc. In this paper, an attempt has been made to provide information about different software and tools that has been used recently in educational institution.

QUANTUM COMPUTING -NEXT GENERATION COMPUTING TECHNOLOGY -A GENTLE INTRODUCTION

by Shailaj Kumar Shrivastava and Narendra Kumaru

The limitations of traditional CMOS-Technology for bulk and high-performance computing applicatio... more The limitations of traditional CMOS-Technology for bulk and high-performance computing applications may be solved by quantum computing. More scholars are turning to this topic as a result of its potential to change the modern computing industry. However, because quantum aspects are involved, many newcomers find it challenging to understand the field. Therefore, an effort has been made in this research note to introduce researchers, quantum engineers, and scientists to the many features of quantum computing research, quantum scientists and engineers. The historical context and fundamental ideas required to comprehend quantumcomputation and processing of information have been clearly introduced. This paper also discusses various quantum computing physical implementations and prospective application domains.

Measurement units of length, mass and time in India through the ages

International Journal of Physical and Social Sciences, 2017

Measurement has been an essential in human life since the dawn of civilization. Before the introd... more Measurement has been an essential in human life since the dawn of civilization. Before the introduction of metric system in India there were various measurements units for length, mass and time. A standard of measurement had to be developed which is acceptable to everybody. In this article, an attempt has been made to highlights the measurement units in India during different periods.

Role Of Educational Institutions In Promoting Social Awareness

Need For Reconstruction Of Higher Education System In India

Length And Area Measurement System In India Through The Ages

The Impact of Digitalization in Higher Educational Institutions

International Journal of Soft Computing and Engineering, 2022

Digital Technology has changed the education scenario in the educational institutions by enhancin... more Digital Technology has changed the education scenario in the educational institutions by enhancing teaching and learning, research and governance. There is great need of adequate infrastructure, better internet connectivity, up to date digital equipment’s, safe platform and digitally competent professionals. In India, higher education institution is evident with the increasing use of ICT, cloud computing, artificial intelligence, robotics and virtual reality in day-to-day practices which enhances competencies and help in aligning with industry-based skills. This article presents the issues related to implementation of digitalization process in higher education institutions.

DEPENDENCE OF THE VOLTAGE NOISE ON SAMPLE QUALITY IN HIGH-TC SUPERCONDUCTING Y1Ba2Cu3O7 THIN FILMS

Fast Track Publications , 2022

In this paper, the voltage noise (Sv) in Y1Ba2Cu3O7 (YBCO) thin films prepared by dc magnetron sp... more In this paper, the voltage noise (Sv) in Y1Ba2Cu3O7 (YBCO) thin films prepared by dc magnetron sputtering technique on SrTiO3 substrate and its dependence on various parameters such as temperature, bias current and frequency are discussed. The voltage noise characteristics shows an enhanced peak near transition temperature (Tc) except for best quality samples with better surface morphology, lesser number of grain boundaries and having high critical current density (Jc). The calculated value of Hooge's parameter using the carrier density Nc=10 21 / cm 3 for the thin film was 0.004 at 300K. To understand the effect of sample quality on voltage noise, measurements were performed on Y1Ba2Cu3O7 thin films of different characteristics.

Promotion of Moral Values Through Education

International Journals of Multidisciplinary Research Academy, 2017

Responsibility to promote moral values in students are not taken seriously by parents, teachers a... more Responsibility to promote moral values in students are not taken seriously by parents, teachers and institutions which results continuous erosion of human values and social relations. Therefore, there is urgent need to take serious action for the restoration of moral values among youths of our country. In this article attempt has been made to identify the need of moral values in today&#39;s scenario.

DEPOSITION TECHNIQUES FOR HIGHT c SUPERCONDUCTING YBCO THIN FILMS

Many application of high temperature superconductor in advance technology usually require the sup... more Many application of high temperature superconductor in advance technology usually require the superconductor in the form of thin films. In this paper attempts has been made to summarize the most popular growth techniques such as Co-evaporation sputtering, laser ablation, and chemical vapor deposition of high-Tc superconducting thin films.

Status Of Laser Technology In India

The laser (light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation) is a light source that exhibi... more The laser (light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation) is a light source that exhibits unique properties of monochromaticity, directionality and coherence. The basic principles for laser science are the quantum nature of light and a process called stimulated emission. A laser basically consists of three parts: a resonant optical cavity (optical resonator), a laser gain medium (active laser medium) and a pump source to excite the particles in the gain medium. The optical resonator consists of at least two mirrors between which the light bounces up and down resonantly. One of the end mirrors is usually partially reflective called the output coupler. The laser operation requires a gain medium in the resonator, which amplifies light. Lasers are classified by the type of gain medium they employ (gas laser, solid-state laser, dye laser, semiconductor laser, etc.). The active particles in the laser gain medium need to be in a state of inversion for the laser to operate. To rea...

A Theoretical Study of Comparison of Graphene, Superconductors and Metals as Conductors for Meta Materials and Plasmonics

Journal of Pure Applied and Industrial Physics, 2018

Production, Measurement and Applications of Vacuum Systems

International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology, 2021

The most common type of vacuum pumps and measuring gauges based on available literature are studi... more The most common type of vacuum pumps and measuring gauges based on available literature are studied with emphasis on how new research and development will enable the new generation of vacuum technology specially in designing, its operational procedure and applications. The technologies were developed to meet the operational goal which include vacuum chamber structures, compatible materials, specialized vacuum pump and gauges. There are many areas where different vacuum condition is required for conducting experiments therefore modeling of pumping system is on demand. The basic understanding of how and when the particular pumping and measurement system can be applied most effectively and economically is essential. The poor choice of pumping and measurement system will interfere the scientific objectives and may leads to substantial maintenance demands and an unpleasant working environment. The development and fundamental investigation of innovative vacuum techniques for creation and ...

The Impact of Digitalization in Higher Educational Institutions

International Journal of Soft Computing and Engineering, 2022

Digital Technology has changed the education scenario in the educational institutions by enhancin... more Digital Technology has changed the education scenario in the educational institutions by enhancing teaching and learning, research and governance. There is great need of adequate infrastructure, better internet connectivity, up to date digital equipment's, safe platform and digitally competent professionals. In India, higher education institution is evident with the increasing use of ICT, cloud computing, artificial intelligence, robotics and virtual reality in day-today practices which enhances competencies and help in aligning with industrybased skills. This article presents the issues related to implementation of digitalization process in higher education institutions.

Production, Measurement and Applications of Vacuum Systems

by Shailaj Kumar Shrivastava and Chandan Shrivastava

Blue eyes intelligence engineering and sciences publication, 2021

The most common type of vacuum pumps and measuring gauges based on available literature are studi... more The most common type of vacuum pumps and measuring gauges based on available literature are studied with emphasis on how new research and development will enable the new generation of vacuum technology specially in designing, its operational procedure and applications. The technologies were developed to meet the operational goal which include vacuum chamber structures, compatible materials, specialized vacuum pump and gauges. There are many areas where different vacuum condition is required for conducting experiments therefore modeling of pumping system is on demand. The basic understanding of how and when the particular pumping and measurement system can be applied most effectively and economically is essential. The poor choice of pumping and measurement system will interfere the scientific objectives and may leads to substantial maintenance demands and an unpleasant working environment. The development and fundamental investigation of innovative vacuum techniques for creation and measurement of vacuum used for various applications necessary for the research work to be done in future are presented.

SUPERCONDUCTIVITY IN BULK, THIN AND THICK FILMS OF MAGNESIUM DIBORIDE

JES PUBLICATION, 2020

Since the discovery of superconductivity at 39K in binary compound magnesium diboride (MgB2), ext... more Since the discovery of superconductivity at 39K in binary compound magnesium diboride (MgB2), extensive research has been carried out on the fabrication of this superconductor in various form such as polycrystalline bulk sample, single crystals, thin epitaxial films and thick polycrystalline films including wires and tapes using in-situ and ex-situ methods. For fabrication various techniques are used such as sintering and infiltration techniques, pulsed laser deposition (PLD), molecular beam epitaxy (MBE), sputtering, screen printing, electrocrystallisation, hybrid chemical vapor deposition (HPCVD), electrophoretic deposition techniques etc. The preparation techniques emphasis on the critical requirements for growing high-quality MgB2 superconductor in the form of bulk, thin and thick films. This paper describes the effect of fabrication techniques on the microstructure and the superconducting properties of bulk and thin and thick films of MgB2.

Academic Cheating And Plagiarism: Detection And Prevention Using Technology

IJ PUBLICATION , 2024

Due to the development of modern technology, academic cheating, and plagiarism have become a seri... more Due to the development of modern technology, academic cheating, and plagiarism have become a serious issue in the education systems of almost all countries. Students can easily access information from the internet and using it without acknowledging the source and harming the reputation of academic institutions. AI tool is promoting high tech plagiarism violating the established rules and regulation governing academic dishonesty. Cheating could be the result of cooperation between student, teacher and administrators; therefore universities should initiate major changes in the examination management process. Cheating and plagiarism shifts the focus of teachers and students away from learning behaviour so the secure hosting of exams, automatically identifying cheating in assessments, and preventive measures like punishment and supervision should be ensured. In this article, the role of technology in the detection and prevention of cheating and plagiarism is highlighted.

New Reforms in Indian Higher Education: Rethinking the Education Model

Lattice Science Publication , 2024

The National Education Policy (NEP)-2020 will bring flexibility to the curriculum through a multi... more The National Education Policy (NEP)-2020 will bring flexibility to the curriculum through a multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary approach, a new assessment process, resource empowerment, multiple exit options, and encouraging internationalization. Adopting an open curriculum with transdisciplinary course patterns, including flexibility in electives, has led to progress in skill development, holistic development, community engagement, technological integration, environmental education, and value-based education. Ranking and accreditation will have a significant impact on the quality of education and research. It is necessary to frame an education policy that will give better results in creativity, development of critical thinking, decision-making skills, and problem-solving abilities. The new reforms aim to enhance the quality and effectiveness of future-ready higher education institutions in India. In this paper, an attempt has been made to present various reforms in the Indian higher education system, its regulatory structure, and teaching pedagogy.

Emerging Software and Tools in Higher Education Institutions

International journal of soft computing and engineering, Jan 30, 2024

Due to digital revolution, new software and tools has been developed by many companies, organizat... more Due to digital revolution, new software and tools has been developed by many companies, organizations and higher education institutions which have created a kind of ease to automate our systems. For institution different software offers wide range of feature like automation, online data management, collaboration, planning, videoconferencing, plagiarism detection, language learning and many more. It has been found that the number of software and tools are being developed every day, therefore it is important to choose and install particular software from different resources. The quality of software is dependent on the process to be followed; therefore, it is necessary to investigate their different features. The risks associated with software include data security, unreliable backup systems, compatibility issues, system glitches, poor user interface, lack of control etc. In this paper, an attempt has been made to provide information about different software and tools that has been used recently in educational institution.

Preparation And Charaterisation of Superconducting YBCO Thin Films Deposited By Magnetron Sputtering Technique

IJRES, 2024

In-situ on-axis dc magnetron on-axis sputtering techniques have been used to grow YBCO films on (... more In-situ on-axis dc magnetron on-axis sputtering techniques have been used to grow YBCO films on (100) SrTiO 3 substrates. The single phase stoichiometric YBCO (123) ceramic targets for sputtering are prepared by solid state reaction technique. The experimental setup for deposition of thin films is described. The deposition parameters affecting the in-situ growth and superconducting properties of high quality YBCO thin films on (100) SrTiO 3 substrate have been optimized. The YBCO thin films deposited on (100) SrTiO 3 substrate are highly c-axis oriented with T c (R=0) of 91.2 K and J c (77K) =1.5x !0 6 A/cm 2. In this paper, important parts of the sputtering system and step by step optimization of sputtering parameters along with spiral growth mechanism of superconducting YBCO films are described.

Emerging Software and Tools in Higher Education Institutions

Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering and Sciences Publication (BEIESP), 2024

Due to digital revolution, new software and tools has been developed by many companies, organizat... more Due to digital revolution, new software and tools has been developed by many companies, organizations and higher education institutions which have created a kind of ease to automate our systems. For institution different software offers wide range of feature like automation, online data management, collaboration, planning, videoconferencing, plagiarism detection, language learning and many more. It has been found that the number of software and tools are being developed every day, therefore it is important to choose and install particular software from different resources. The quality of software is dependent on the process to be followed; therefore, it is necessary to investigate their different features. The risks associated with software include data security, unreliable backup systems, compatibility issues, system glitches, poor user interface, lack of control etc. In this paper, an attempt has been made to provide information about different software and tools that has been used recently in educational institution.

QUANTUM COMPUTING -NEXT GENERATION COMPUTING TECHNOLOGY -A GENTLE INTRODUCTION

by Shailaj Kumar Shrivastava and Narendra Kumaru

The limitations of traditional CMOS-Technology for bulk and high-performance computing applicatio... more The limitations of traditional CMOS-Technology for bulk and high-performance computing applications may be solved by quantum computing. More scholars are turning to this topic as a result of its potential to change the modern computing industry. However, because quantum aspects are involved, many newcomers find it challenging to understand the field. Therefore, an effort has been made in this research note to introduce researchers, quantum engineers, and scientists to the many features of quantum computing research, quantum scientists and engineers. The historical context and fundamental ideas required to comprehend quantumcomputation and processing of information have been clearly introduced. This paper also discusses various quantum computing physical implementations and prospective application domains.

Measurement units of length, mass and time in India through the ages

International Journal of Physical and Social Sciences, 2017

Measurement has been an essential in human life since the dawn of civilization. Before the introd... more Measurement has been an essential in human life since the dawn of civilization. Before the introduction of metric system in India there were various measurements units for length, mass and time. A standard of measurement had to be developed which is acceptable to everybody. In this article, an attempt has been made to highlights the measurement units in India during different periods.

Role Of Educational Institutions In Promoting Social Awareness

Need For Reconstruction Of Higher Education System In India

Length And Area Measurement System In India Through The Ages

The Impact of Digitalization in Higher Educational Institutions

International Journal of Soft Computing and Engineering, 2022

Digital Technology has changed the education scenario in the educational institutions by enhancin... more Digital Technology has changed the education scenario in the educational institutions by enhancing teaching and learning, research and governance. There is great need of adequate infrastructure, better internet connectivity, up to date digital equipment’s, safe platform and digitally competent professionals. In India, higher education institution is evident with the increasing use of ICT, cloud computing, artificial intelligence, robotics and virtual reality in day-to-day practices which enhances competencies and help in aligning with industry-based skills. This article presents the issues related to implementation of digitalization process in higher education institutions.

DEPENDENCE OF THE VOLTAGE NOISE ON SAMPLE QUALITY IN HIGH-TC SUPERCONDUCTING Y1Ba2Cu3O7 THIN FILMS

Fast Track Publications , 2022

In this paper, the voltage noise (Sv) in Y1Ba2Cu3O7 (YBCO) thin films prepared by dc magnetron sp... more In this paper, the voltage noise (Sv) in Y1Ba2Cu3O7 (YBCO) thin films prepared by dc magnetron sputtering technique on SrTiO3 substrate and its dependence on various parameters such as temperature, bias current and frequency are discussed. The voltage noise characteristics shows an enhanced peak near transition temperature (Tc) except for best quality samples with better surface morphology, lesser number of grain boundaries and having high critical current density (Jc). The calculated value of Hooge's parameter using the carrier density Nc=10 21 / cm 3 for the thin film was 0.004 at 300K. To understand the effect of sample quality on voltage noise, measurements were performed on Y1Ba2Cu3O7 thin films of different characteristics.

Promotion of Moral Values Through Education

International Journals of Multidisciplinary Research Academy, 2017

Responsibility to promote moral values in students are not taken seriously by parents, teachers a... more Responsibility to promote moral values in students are not taken seriously by parents, teachers and institutions which results continuous erosion of human values and social relations. Therefore, there is urgent need to take serious action for the restoration of moral values among youths of our country. In this article attempt has been made to identify the need of moral values in today&#39;s scenario.

DEPOSITION TECHNIQUES FOR HIGHT c SUPERCONDUCTING YBCO THIN FILMS

Many application of high temperature superconductor in advance technology usually require the sup... more Many application of high temperature superconductor in advance technology usually require the superconductor in the form of thin films. In this paper attempts has been made to summarize the most popular growth techniques such as Co-evaporation sputtering, laser ablation, and chemical vapor deposition of high-Tc superconducting thin films.

Status Of Laser Technology In India

The laser (light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation) is a light source that exhibi... more The laser (light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation) is a light source that exhibits unique properties of monochromaticity, directionality and coherence. The basic principles for laser science are the quantum nature of light and a process called stimulated emission. A laser basically consists of three parts: a resonant optical cavity (optical resonator), a laser gain medium (active laser medium) and a pump source to excite the particles in the gain medium. The optical resonator consists of at least two mirrors between which the light bounces up and down resonantly. One of the end mirrors is usually partially reflective called the output coupler. The laser operation requires a gain medium in the resonator, which amplifies light. Lasers are classified by the type of gain medium they employ (gas laser, solid-state laser, dye laser, semiconductor laser, etc.). The active particles in the laser gain medium need to be in a state of inversion for the laser to operate. To rea...

A Theoretical Study of Comparison of Graphene, Superconductors and Metals as Conductors for Meta Materials and Plasmonics

Journal of Pure Applied and Industrial Physics, 2018

Production, Measurement and Applications of Vacuum Systems

International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology, 2021

The most common type of vacuum pumps and measuring gauges based on available literature are studi... more The most common type of vacuum pumps and measuring gauges based on available literature are studied with emphasis on how new research and development will enable the new generation of vacuum technology specially in designing, its operational procedure and applications. The technologies were developed to meet the operational goal which include vacuum chamber structures, compatible materials, specialized vacuum pump and gauges. There are many areas where different vacuum condition is required for conducting experiments therefore modeling of pumping system is on demand. The basic understanding of how and when the particular pumping and measurement system can be applied most effectively and economically is essential. The poor choice of pumping and measurement system will interfere the scientific objectives and may leads to substantial maintenance demands and an unpleasant working environment. The development and fundamental investigation of innovative vacuum techniques for creation and ...

The Impact of Digitalization in Higher Educational Institutions

International Journal of Soft Computing and Engineering, 2022

Digital Technology has changed the education scenario in the educational institutions by enhancin... more Digital Technology has changed the education scenario in the educational institutions by enhancing teaching and learning, research and governance. There is great need of adequate infrastructure, better internet connectivity, up to date digital equipment's, safe platform and digitally competent professionals. In India, higher education institution is evident with the increasing use of ICT, cloud computing, artificial intelligence, robotics and virtual reality in day-today practices which enhances competencies and help in aligning with industrybased skills. This article presents the issues related to implementation of digitalization process in higher education institutions.

Production, Measurement and Applications of Vacuum Systems

by Shailaj Kumar Shrivastava and Chandan Shrivastava

Blue eyes intelligence engineering and sciences publication, 2021

The most common type of vacuum pumps and measuring gauges based on available literature are studi... more The most common type of vacuum pumps and measuring gauges based on available literature are studied with emphasis on how new research and development will enable the new generation of vacuum technology specially in designing, its operational procedure and applications. The technologies were developed to meet the operational goal which include vacuum chamber structures, compatible materials, specialized vacuum pump and gauges. There are many areas where different vacuum condition is required for conducting experiments therefore modeling of pumping system is on demand. The basic understanding of how and when the particular pumping and measurement system can be applied most effectively and economically is essential. The poor choice of pumping and measurement system will interfere the scientific objectives and may leads to substantial maintenance demands and an unpleasant working environment. The development and fundamental investigation of innovative vacuum techniques for creation and measurement of vacuum used for various applications necessary for the research work to be done in future are presented.

SUPERCONDUCTIVITY IN BULK, THIN AND THICK FILMS OF MAGNESIUM DIBORIDE

JES PUBLICATION, 2020

Since the discovery of superconductivity at 39K in binary compound magnesium diboride (MgB2), ext... more Since the discovery of superconductivity at 39K in binary compound magnesium diboride (MgB2), extensive research has been carried out on the fabrication of this superconductor in various form such as polycrystalline bulk sample, single crystals, thin epitaxial films and thick polycrystalline films including wires and tapes using in-situ and ex-situ methods. For fabrication various techniques are used such as sintering and infiltration techniques, pulsed laser deposition (PLD), molecular beam epitaxy (MBE), sputtering, screen printing, electrocrystallisation, hybrid chemical vapor deposition (HPCVD), electrophoretic deposition techniques etc. The preparation techniques emphasis on the critical requirements for growing high-quality MgB2 superconductor in the form of bulk, thin and thick films. This paper describes the effect of fabrication techniques on the microstructure and the superconducting properties of bulk and thin and thick films of MgB2.

Surface sensitive techniques for probing surface structures and surface morphology

The development of the various scanning probe microscopy techniques has revolutionized the study ... more The development of the various scanning probe microscopy techniques has revolutionized the study of surface structure. The atomic resolution images have been obtained not only on single crystal substrates in ultra high vacuum (UHV) but also on samples at atmospheric pressure and even under solution. The development of these techniques has been the most important event in the surface science field in recent times and opened many new areas of science and engineering at the atomic and molecular level. Atomic force microscopy(AFM) and Scanning tunneling microscopy(STM) has been used in the constant current mode at room temperature in air using mechanically prepared Pt-Ir tips to image YBCO superconducting thin film surface topography to study the mechanism of nucleation and growth of thin film with resolution of atomic scale. Large atomically flat terraces, growth spirals and growth steps with typical height of c and 2c (c: lattice parameter) of the YBCO crystalline structure are seen. The step to step horizontal and vertical distances within a grain are reproduced. The YBCO thin films deposited on (100) SrTiO3 substrate show Tc(R=0) of 91K and Jc (77K) = 1.5x10 6 A/cm 2. The microstructure of thin films varies with grain size, grain orientation and grain boundary weak links, which critically depend upon the complexity of growth process and the quality of substrate used.