Reports by Robert de Hoop
RAM 282: Flotsam, jetsam and lost anchors at Statia’s Roads. An archaeological assessment of site SE-504, Oranje Bay, St. Eustatius, 2024
In August 2021, the Cultural Heritage Agency of the Netherlands (RCE) and the St. Eustatius Cente... more In August 2021, the Cultural Heritage Agency of the Netherlands (RCE) and the St. Eustatius Center for Archaeological Research (SECAR) conducted a marine archaeological assessment at site SE-504 in St Eustatius' Oranje Bay. Instead of a wreck, a collection of mainly eighteenth-century objects was found.
Het oudste wrak van een waterschip? Waarderend onderzoek van een vroeg zestiende-eeuws waterschip... more Het oudste wrak van een waterschip? Waarderend onderzoek van een vroeg zestiende-eeuws waterschip in Zeewolde R.W. de Hoop en W.B. Waldus (red.
Wrakkentelling. Een kwantitatief onderzoek naar historische Nederlandse scheepswrakken in de wereld, 2022
De Rijksdienst voor het Cultureel Erfgoed (RCE) deed op verzoek van de Tweede Kamer onderzoek naa... more De Rijksdienst voor het Cultureel Erfgoed (RCE) deed op verzoek van de Tweede Kamer onderzoek naar gezonken en vermiste schepen van Nederlands staatseigendom in de wereld. De gegevens van in totaal 2342 gezonken schepen zijn bij elkaar gebracht en gepubliceerd. Voor 1626 daarvan kan Nederland nog altijd het eigendom claimen. Het gaat dan om schepen van de Verenigde Oost-Indische Compagnie (VOC), West-Indische Compagnie (WIC), de Admiraliteiten en de Koninklijke Marine (KM) en ook WO1 en WO2 oorlogsschepen. Deze schepen genieten Nederlandse immuniteit. Ook wanneer ze gezonken zijn, behoudt Nederland ze in eigendom en blijven ze Nederlandse immuniteit genieten.
De Staat claimt het eigendom over deze scheepswrakken om zijn cultuurhistorisch erfgoed overal ter wereld te kunnen beschermen en beheren. Hiervoor is het noodzakelijk goed samen te werken met de kuststaat, het land waarin dit erfgoed ligt. In internationale wateren is het belangrijk om samen met andere vlaggenstaten op te trekken. Dat zijn zowel staten die eigendom en immuniteit claimen over scheepswrakken als landen onder wier vlag de huidige onderzoeksschepen en/of hun bemanning vallen.
Dutch presence in Cuban waters. A first year of archaeological surveys, 2021
This is a report on fieldwork conducted between 17 and 26 July 2019 by the National Council of Cu... more This is a report on fieldwork conducted between 17 and 26 July 2019 by the National Council of Cultural Heritage of Cuba (CNPC), the agency of the Ministry of Culture of the Republic of Cuba, and the International Programme for Maritime Heritage of the Cultural Heritage Agency of the Netherlands (RCE) as part of the project 'Dutch Presence in Cuban Waters'.
Gregory, D. and Manders, M. (eds). Best practices for locating, surveying, assessing, monitoring and preserving underwater archaeological sites, 2015
Best practices for locating, surveying, assessing, monitoring and preserving underwater archaeolo... more Best practices for locating, surveying, assessing, monitoring and preserving underwater archaeological sites. A result from the EU-project SASMAP.
Gregory, D. and Manders, M. (eds). Guidelines to the process of underwater archaeological research, 2015
The process of underwater cultural heritage management in Europe. A result from the EU-project SA... more The process of underwater cultural heritage management in Europe. A result from the EU-project SASMAP.
Final report International Programme for Maritime Heritage 2017-2021, 2022
This is the final report of the International Programme for Maritime Heritage, carried out betwee... more This is the final report of the International Programme for Maritime Heritage, carried out between 2017 and 2021 under the aegis of the Cultural Heritage Agency of the Netherlands (RCE).
This report describes the programme's goals, its mission, vision and how it worked towards those goals, including the adjustments required by the corona crisis to achieve them. This overview shows how much has been achieved in a relatively short time and what structure has been put in place to ensure the continued sound management of underwater cultural heritage. See for example the various protocols for maritime heritage that have been published. At the end of the report, a glimpse into the future awaits the reader when the vision described at the beginning of the programme is recalled and suggestions are made for further steps and their implementation.
This publication is also available in Dutch.
Maritiem Erfgoed Internationaal. Eindrapportage 2017-2021, 2022
Dit is het eindrapport van het programma Maritiem Erfgoed Internationaal, dat tussen 2017 en 2021... more Dit is het eindrapport van het programma Maritiem Erfgoed Internationaal, dat tussen 2017 en 2021 is uitgevoerd door de Rijksdienst voor het Cultureel Erfgoed (RCE).
Dit rapport beschrijft de doelen van het programma, zijn missie, visie en de manier waarop naar die doelen is toegewerkt, inclusief de aanpassingen die door de coronacrisis nodig waren om deze te bereiken. In dit overzicht wordt duidelijk hoeveel in relatief korte tijd bereikt is en welke structuur is opgezet om ook in de toekomst tot een goed beheer van cultureel erfgoed onderwater te komen. Een onderdeel hiervan zijn de protocollen die zijn opgesteld. Aan het einde van het rapport wacht de lezer een blik in de toekomst als de visie die aan het begin van het programma is omschreven, weer opgeroepen wordt en suggesties worden gedaan voor verdere stappen en de invulling daarvan.
Deze publicatie is ook beschikbaar in het Engels.
Report on the fieldwork at the sites of the Dutch submarines O16 and K-XVII.
Field Assessment Java Sea Survey of three Dutch WWII naval wreck sites in the Java Sea, Progress Report, 2019
Agreements have been made between the Netherlands and Indonesian government to investigate what m... more Agreements have been made between the Netherlands and Indonesian government to investigate what may have happened to the sites of the three Dutch Navy ships Hr.Ms. De Ruyter, Hr.Ms. Java and Hr.Ms. Kortenaer. This was done in a three-step research.
This is the report of the Joint Verification Mission Java Sea, 6 to 9th of February 2017, Jakarta, Indonesia titled: Joint Verification of the location and condition of Hr.Ms. De Ruyter, Java and Kortenaer
Agreements have been made between the Netherlands and Indonesian government to investigate what m... more Agreements have been made between the Netherlands and Indonesian government to investigate what may have happened to the sites of the three Dutch Navy ships Hr.Ms. De Ruyter, Hr.Ms. Java and Hr.Ms. Kortenaer. This was done in a three-step research.
This is the report of the Joint Verification Mission Java Sea, 6 to 9th of February 2017, Jakarta, Indonesia titled: Joint Verification of the location and condition of Hr.Ms. De Ruyter, Java and Kortenaer.
International Programme for Maritime Heritage Report 2017-2019, 2020
This is the interim report on the International Programme for Maritime Heritage. The programme is... more This is the interim report on the International Programme for Maritime Heritage. The programme is run by the Cultural Heritage Agency of the Netherlands, an executive agency of the Netherlands Ministry of Education, Culture and Science. The programme is running since 2017, so we have now reached its halfway point, an appropriate moment for reflection.
Programma Maritiem Erfgoed Internationaal Rapportage 2017-2019, 2020
Dit is de tussentijdse rapportage van het programma Maritiem Erfgoed Internationaal (MEI). MEI is... more Dit is de tussentijdse rapportage van het programma Maritiem Erfgoed Internationaal (MEI). MEI is onderdeel van de Rijksdienst voor het Cultureel Erfgoed: een beleids-, uitvoerings- en onderzoeksorganisatie van het Ministerie van Onderwijs, Cultuur en Wetenschap.
Papers by Robert de Hoop
Zeegaande houten schepen. Bijdragen aan de Dag van de historische maritieme archeologie in Nederland (14de Glavimans symposion), 2023
In binnen- en buitenlandse wateren liggen in totaal ruim 1600 Nederlandse scheepwrakken. De onlin... more In binnen- en buitenlandse wateren liggen in totaal ruim 1600 Nederlandse scheepwrakken. De online database Maritime Stepping Stones (MaSS) bevat informatie en verhalen over deze wrakken en ander Nederlands maritiem erfgoed. MaSS biedt, indien beschikbaar, feitelijke gegevens, kaarten, foto’s, documenten, tekeningen, video’s en 3D-modellen van elke site. De website is toegankelijk voor het publiek, archeologische professionals en vrijwilligers en heeft als doel de zichtbaarheid van maritieme archeologie te vergroten en het maatschappelijk belang ervan te benadrukken.
De ontdekking in 2016 van het verdwijnen van drie Nederlandse oorlogswrakken-de Hr.Ms. De Ruyter,... more De ontdekking in 2016 van het verdwijnen van drie Nederlandse oorlogswrakken-de Hr.Ms. De Ruyter, Hr.Ms. Java en Hr.Ms. Kortenaer in de Javazee riep bij de leden van de Tweede Kamer de vraag op hoeveel scheepswrakken Nederlands eigendom zijn en waar zij zich bevinden. Dit werd alleen maar versterkt door de bevestiging dat ook de onderzeeboten Hr.Ms. O16 en Hr.Ms. K-XVII in Maleisische wateren illegaal waren geborgen.
Journal of Maritime Archaeology, 2021
Three Dutch naval ships, HNLMS De Ruyter, HNLMS Java and HNLMS Kortenaer, were lost during the Ba... more Three Dutch naval ships, HNLMS De Ruyter, HNLMS Java and HNLMS Kortenaer, were lost during the Battle of the Java Sea on 27 February 1942, claiming the lives of 915 sailors. Although the ships were relocated in 2002, no official action was taken until 2016 when an international diving team from the Karel Doorman Foundation discovered that the warships had disappeared. This created tension between the government of Indonesia and those countries that had lost ships in the archipelago, especially the Netherlands. A three-track cooperation agreement was set up to investigate the disappearance of the three Dutch wrecks with the aim of understanding what had happened, in order to create a better basis for cooperation in the future. The management and protection of shipwrecks from WWII is very complicated, because of the different values that stakeholders attach to them. Only with the proper understanding and consideration of the different values or significance WWII shipwrecks hold for different stakeholders can new ways of managing these complex sites be developed that have long-term effectiveness. This paper argues that different stakeholder groups from both the flag and the coastal state must work together on this issue.
Nederlandse Archeologische Rapporten (NAR) 70.Tot op het bot onderzocht. Essays ter ere van archeozoöloog Roel Lauwerier, 2020
Recent technical developments have resulted in improved 3D modelling that is being used in many a... more Recent technical developments have resulted in improved 3D modelling that is being used in many aspects of our daily life. We see their use
continuously in media-related applications, such as movies. The application of 3D models also extends to scientific research. Underwater
archaeology is no exception. Digital models have been increasingly used for specialist research in the past five years. The use of digital models for monitoring archaeological finds has been around much longer in the Netherlands. The practise of building wooden models has an even a longer history. This article provides a brief overview of the history of 3D models in all their forms and examines their application in Dutch maritime archaeology.
Hoop, R.W. de/M. Manders, 2019: Battle of the Java Sea: Past and Present Conflicts, in N. Moreira/M. Derderian/A. Bissonnette (eds.) Fields of Conflict Conference 2018 Pequot Museum, Conference Proceedings Volume 1, 2019
Three Dutch naval ships, HNLMS De Ruyter, HNLMS Java and HNLMS Kortenaer went down in the Battle ... more Three Dutch naval ships, HNLMS De Ruyter, HNLMS Java and HNLMS Kortenaer went down in the Battle of the Java Sea on 27 February 1942, claiming the lives of 915 sailors. In November 2016 an international diving team from the Karel Doorman Foundation discovered that the warships had disappeared.
The management and protection of shipwrecks from the Second World War is very complicated, because of the different values that different stakeholders attach to it. These WWII shipwrecks are often war graves, important to relatives as lieux de mémoire. The shipwrecks thus have an emotional, commemoration value, but they also have a historical, archaeological and intrinsic value. If WWII shipwrecks are investigated using archaeological methods, they can provide new information on the WWII period, but it can also change certain details. To the salvors the shipwrecks have an economic value, but they actually have several economic values as they also bring in diving tourists, and they are fishing spots for the local fishermen. These different values played a major role during the joint Dutch-Indonesian investigation that followed after the notification that the three Dutch warships had disappeared from the bottom of the Java Sea.
Only with proper understanding and consideration of the different values or significances the WWII shipwrecks hold to different stakeholders, new ways of managing these complex sites may be developed that will be effective in the long run. Countries and different stakeholder groups must work together on this.
Submerged Heritage 9 - A Yearbook of ICUA 2019, 2020
Excavation of the Rooswijk (1740).
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Reports by Robert de Hoop
De Staat claimt het eigendom over deze scheepswrakken om zijn cultuurhistorisch erfgoed overal ter wereld te kunnen beschermen en beheren. Hiervoor is het noodzakelijk goed samen te werken met de kuststaat, het land waarin dit erfgoed ligt. In internationale wateren is het belangrijk om samen met andere vlaggenstaten op te trekken. Dat zijn zowel staten die eigendom en immuniteit claimen over scheepswrakken als landen onder wier vlag de huidige onderzoeksschepen en/of hun bemanning vallen.
This report describes the programme's goals, its mission, vision and how it worked towards those goals, including the adjustments required by the corona crisis to achieve them. This overview shows how much has been achieved in a relatively short time and what structure has been put in place to ensure the continued sound management of underwater cultural heritage. See for example the various protocols for maritime heritage that have been published. At the end of the report, a glimpse into the future awaits the reader when the vision described at the beginning of the programme is recalled and suggestions are made for further steps and their implementation.
This publication is also available in Dutch.
Dit rapport beschrijft de doelen van het programma, zijn missie, visie en de manier waarop naar die doelen is toegewerkt, inclusief de aanpassingen die door de coronacrisis nodig waren om deze te bereiken. In dit overzicht wordt duidelijk hoeveel in relatief korte tijd bereikt is en welke structuur is opgezet om ook in de toekomst tot een goed beheer van cultureel erfgoed onderwater te komen. Een onderdeel hiervan zijn de protocollen die zijn opgesteld. Aan het einde van het rapport wacht de lezer een blik in de toekomst als de visie die aan het begin van het programma is omschreven, weer opgeroepen wordt en suggesties worden gedaan voor verdere stappen en de invulling daarvan.
Deze publicatie is ook beschikbaar in het Engels.
This is the report of the Joint Verification Mission Java Sea, 6 to 9th of February 2017, Jakarta, Indonesia titled: Joint Verification of the location and condition of Hr.Ms. De Ruyter, Java and Kortenaer
This is the report of the Joint Verification Mission Java Sea, 6 to 9th of February 2017, Jakarta, Indonesia titled: Joint Verification of the location and condition of Hr.Ms. De Ruyter, Java and Kortenaer.
Papers by Robert de Hoop
continuously in media-related applications, such as movies. The application of 3D models also extends to scientific research. Underwater
archaeology is no exception. Digital models have been increasingly used for specialist research in the past five years. The use of digital models for monitoring archaeological finds has been around much longer in the Netherlands. The practise of building wooden models has an even a longer history. This article provides a brief overview of the history of 3D models in all their forms and examines their application in Dutch maritime archaeology.
The management and protection of shipwrecks from the Second World War is very complicated, because of the different values that different stakeholders attach to it. These WWII shipwrecks are often war graves, important to relatives as lieux de mémoire. The shipwrecks thus have an emotional, commemoration value, but they also have a historical, archaeological and intrinsic value. If WWII shipwrecks are investigated using archaeological methods, they can provide new information on the WWII period, but it can also change certain details. To the salvors the shipwrecks have an economic value, but they actually have several economic values as they also bring in diving tourists, and they are fishing spots for the local fishermen. These different values played a major role during the joint Dutch-Indonesian investigation that followed after the notification that the three Dutch warships had disappeared from the bottom of the Java Sea.
Only with proper understanding and consideration of the different values or significances the WWII shipwrecks hold to different stakeholders, new ways of managing these complex sites may be developed that will be effective in the long run. Countries and different stakeholder groups must work together on this.
De Staat claimt het eigendom over deze scheepswrakken om zijn cultuurhistorisch erfgoed overal ter wereld te kunnen beschermen en beheren. Hiervoor is het noodzakelijk goed samen te werken met de kuststaat, het land waarin dit erfgoed ligt. In internationale wateren is het belangrijk om samen met andere vlaggenstaten op te trekken. Dat zijn zowel staten die eigendom en immuniteit claimen over scheepswrakken als landen onder wier vlag de huidige onderzoeksschepen en/of hun bemanning vallen.
This report describes the programme's goals, its mission, vision and how it worked towards those goals, including the adjustments required by the corona crisis to achieve them. This overview shows how much has been achieved in a relatively short time and what structure has been put in place to ensure the continued sound management of underwater cultural heritage. See for example the various protocols for maritime heritage that have been published. At the end of the report, a glimpse into the future awaits the reader when the vision described at the beginning of the programme is recalled and suggestions are made for further steps and their implementation.
This publication is also available in Dutch.
Dit rapport beschrijft de doelen van het programma, zijn missie, visie en de manier waarop naar die doelen is toegewerkt, inclusief de aanpassingen die door de coronacrisis nodig waren om deze te bereiken. In dit overzicht wordt duidelijk hoeveel in relatief korte tijd bereikt is en welke structuur is opgezet om ook in de toekomst tot een goed beheer van cultureel erfgoed onderwater te komen. Een onderdeel hiervan zijn de protocollen die zijn opgesteld. Aan het einde van het rapport wacht de lezer een blik in de toekomst als de visie die aan het begin van het programma is omschreven, weer opgeroepen wordt en suggesties worden gedaan voor verdere stappen en de invulling daarvan.
Deze publicatie is ook beschikbaar in het Engels.
This is the report of the Joint Verification Mission Java Sea, 6 to 9th of February 2017, Jakarta, Indonesia titled: Joint Verification of the location and condition of Hr.Ms. De Ruyter, Java and Kortenaer
This is the report of the Joint Verification Mission Java Sea, 6 to 9th of February 2017, Jakarta, Indonesia titled: Joint Verification of the location and condition of Hr.Ms. De Ruyter, Java and Kortenaer.
continuously in media-related applications, such as movies. The application of 3D models also extends to scientific research. Underwater
archaeology is no exception. Digital models have been increasingly used for specialist research in the past five years. The use of digital models for monitoring archaeological finds has been around much longer in the Netherlands. The practise of building wooden models has an even a longer history. This article provides a brief overview of the history of 3D models in all their forms and examines their application in Dutch maritime archaeology.
The management and protection of shipwrecks from the Second World War is very complicated, because of the different values that different stakeholders attach to it. These WWII shipwrecks are often war graves, important to relatives as lieux de mémoire. The shipwrecks thus have an emotional, commemoration value, but they also have a historical, archaeological and intrinsic value. If WWII shipwrecks are investigated using archaeological methods, they can provide new information on the WWII period, but it can also change certain details. To the salvors the shipwrecks have an economic value, but they actually have several economic values as they also bring in diving tourists, and they are fishing spots for the local fishermen. These different values played a major role during the joint Dutch-Indonesian investigation that followed after the notification that the three Dutch warships had disappeared from the bottom of the Java Sea.
Only with proper understanding and consideration of the different values or significances the WWII shipwrecks hold to different stakeholders, new ways of managing these complex sites may be developed that will be effective in the long run. Countries and different stakeholder groups must work together on this.
A time possibly coined the Dutch Era, saw Dutch cartographers voyaging eastward across the southern Indian Ocean to the East Indies, and occasionally falling victim to shipwreck disasters. On their journey, Dutch voyagers would rely upon trade routes established by seafarers from Africa, the Middle East and Asia. These local seafarers would speak of terrible dangers in the unknown waters of the south: strong ocean currents, dark shadows and giant birds of prey. The Dutch would later develop a shorter trade route between South Africa and Indonesia which would take their vessels southward and then toward the Christmas and Cocos (Keeling) islands as we know them today.
The authors of this volume, historical maritime archaeologists Graeme Henderson, Robert de Hoop and Andrew Viduka, tease out some of the real-life ramifications of the Indian Ocean and European myths upon the destiny of the Cocos (Keeling) and Christmas islands and provide evidence that indicates several eighteenth-century Dutch ships foundered close to these beautiful islands. Their wrecks still await discovery.
The version on Academia is a reduced version, for full quality see:
https://english.cultureelerfgoed.nl/publications/publications/2021/01/01/unesco-training-manual-latin-america-and-the-caribbean
The good practice refers to the way in which this project, albeit propelled by a painful event, was framed and guided by a three-track-research plan, and was based on open discussions between both countries. To write this article, we talked to Robert de Hoop of the International Programme for Maritime Heritage of the Cultural Heritage Agency of the Netherlands (RCE) and Shinatria Adhityatama of ARKENAS, the National Research Center for Archaeology in Indonesia. Both were closely involved in this project as maritime archaeologists.
This is the main article of the digital newsletter Sharing Heritage Expertise nr. 13 2020.