share first authorship of this article on the basis of their major contributions in working with ... more share first authorship of this article on the basis of their major contributions in working with Dr. Becker in the conception, planning, and execution of the experiments; David Beiser is second author for taking primary responsibility for writing the manuscript, analyzing data, and modeling the heat transfer.
To evaluate the feasibility of using therapeutic ultrasound as an alternative treatment option fo... more To evaluate the feasibility of using therapeutic ultrasound as an alternative treatment option for organ-confined prostate cancer. In this study, a trans-urethral therapeutic ultrasound applicator in combination with 3T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) guidance was used for real-time multi-planar MRI-based temperature monitoring and temperature feedback control of prostatic tissue thermal ablation in vivo. We evaluated the feasibility and safety of MRI-guided trans-urethral ultrasound to effectively and accurately ablate prostate tissue while minimizing the damage to surrounding tissues in eight canine prostates. MRI was used to plan sonications, monitor temperature changes during therapy, and to evaluate treatment outcome. Real-time temperature and thermal dose maps were calculated using the proton resonance frequency shift technique and were displayed as two-dimensional color-coded overlays on top of the anatomical images. After ultrasound treatment, an evaluation of the integrity...
Contemporary topics in laboratory animal science, 2005
We sought to compare the outcomes of two chronic vascular access techniques, the externalized cat... more We sought to compare the outcomes of two chronic vascular access techniques, the externalized catheter and the subcutaneous vascular access port, in pigs. Female farm pigs (n = 30) underwent placement of a chronic vascular access device in the jugular vein for a research protocol: 18 of the animals underwent placement of a tunneled Hickman catheter (THC), and the remaining 12 animals underwent placement of a subcutaneous vascular access port (VAP) without external components. After placement of the devices, animals underwent serial blood sampling. All animals were given identical antibiotic prophylaxis. VAP access required the use of a restraint sling for Huber needle insertion, whereas THC access required no additional equipment. Animals were euthanatized 1 month after placement of the device. In the VAP group, the port was retrieved, cleaned, and steam-autoclaved for reuse. In the THC group, 13 (72%) animals developed infectious complications, and blood and wound cultures were oft...
Contemporary topics in laboratory animal science, 1999
Lemierre's syndrome, oropharyngeal infections induced by anaerobic bacteria, leading to fatal... more Lemierre's syndrome, oropharyngeal infections induced by anaerobic bacteria, leading to fatal septic thrombophlebitis of the internal jugular vein and pulmonary embolic abscesses in humans, was diagnosed in a 6-month-old, male, New Zealand White rabbit. After acute onset of anorexia, lethargy, and depression, the rabbit died suddenly despite emergency clinical care. Necropsy revealed swelling, necrosis, and abscess in the soft tissues around the left caudal mandibular ramus, oral mucosa, and molar teeth, with systemic embolic abscesses and necrosis, especially in the jugular vein, lungs, and brain. Histologic examination revealed necrosis and embolic abscesses with filamentous bacteria in the mandibular soft tissues, salivary gland, jugular veins, alveolar bone and marrow, periodontal tissues and dental pulp, oral and pharyngeal mucosa, lungs, brain, liver, myocardium, meninges, and small intestine. Bacterial culture of the mandibular abscess and heart blood yielded Fusobacteriu...
Contemporary topics in laboratory animal science, 1998
Diseases of bulbourethral glands have rarely been reported in mice. The present report describes ... more Diseases of bulbourethral glands have rarely been reported in mice. The present report describes bulbourethral gland cysts in three male mice: a.1yearold DBA/2J mouse (case 1), a 10monthold nude mouse (case 2), and a 4.5monthold chimeric mouse (case 3). Round to oval fluctuant nodules were observed on their dorsal perineum. The nodules in cases 1 and 2 were pale, pink to tan, soft, and glistening; in case 3, the mass was purple-red and soft. All nodules were located subcutaneously between the bulbospongiosus and ischiocavernous muscles, with a deep connection to the urethra. The nodules were 13 mm (case 1), 6 mm (case 2), and 8 mm (case 3) in diameter. The cut surface of the nodules was cystic; the lumina were filled with clear gelatinous or viscous (cases 1 and 2) or thin blood-tinged fluid (case 3). The nodules comprised irregular cysts and acini that were lined by a single layer of cuboidal, pyramidal to tall columnar epithelial cells with little stroma. Bulbourethral gland cysts...
Contemporary topics in laboratory animal science, 1998
Renal cell carcinoma was diagnosed in 2 Siberian hamsters (Phodopus sungorus). One hamster had a ... more Renal cell carcinoma was diagnosed in 2 Siberian hamsters (Phodopus sungorus). One hamster had a unilateral solitary papillary-tubular carcinoma. The other hamster had a clear-cell, a papillary-tubular, and mixed types of carcinomas in the left kidney and a cystic-papillary-tubular type of carcinoma in the right kidney. In the papillary-tubular carcinoma. there were cuboidal to columnar cells arranged in tubular or papillary patterns supported by delicate fibrous stroma. Nuclei were located basally, often perpendicular to the subjacent basement membrane. Cytoplasm was pale to eosinophilic and variably abundant. Pleomorphic oval to polygonal cells found in the clear-cell carcinoma were arranged in broad trabeculae, lobules, or nests, with congested capillary stroma and multifocal necrosis. Cytoplasm varied from eosinophilic and granular to pale and clear or vacuolated. In the cystic-papillary-tubular carcinoma, cuboidal to columnar cells were arranged in cystic, papillary, or tubular...
We sought to compare the outcomes of two chronic vascular access techniques, the externalized cat... more We sought to compare the outcomes of two chronic vascular access techniques, the externalized catheter and the subcutaneous vascular access port, in pigs. Female farm pigs (n = 30) underwent placement of a chronic vascular access device in the jugular vein for a research protocol: 18 of the animals underwent placement of a tunneled Hickman catheter (THC), and the remaining 12 animals underwent placement of a subcutaneous vascular access port (VAP) without external components. After placement of the devices, animals underwent serial blood sampling. All animals were given identical antibiotic prophylaxis. VAP access required the use of a restraint sling for Huber needle insertion, whereas THC access required no additional equipment. Animals were euthanatized 1 month after placement of the device. In the VAP group, the port was retrieved, cleaned, and steam-autoclaved for reuse. In the THC group, 13 (72%) animals developed infectious complications, and blood and wound cultures were oft...
Contemporary Topics in Laboratory Animal Science American Association For Laboratory Animal Science, Mar 1, 2005
We sought to compare the outcomes of two chronic vascular access techniques, the externalized cat... more We sought to compare the outcomes of two chronic vascular access techniques, the externalized catheter and the subcutaneous vascular access port, in pigs. Female farm pigs (n = 30) underwent placement of a chronic vascular access device in the jugular vein for a research protocol: 18 of the animals underwent placement of a tunneled Hickman catheter (THC), and the remaining 12 animals underwent placement of a subcutaneous vascular access port (VAP) without external components. After placement of the devices, animals underwent serial blood sampling. All animals were given identical antibiotic prophylaxis. VAP access required the use of a restraint sling for Huber needle insertion, whereas THC access required no additional equipment. Animals were euthanatized 1 month after placement of the device. In the VAP group, the port was retrieved, cleaned, and steam-autoclaved for reuse. In the THC group, 13 (72%) animals developed infectious complications, and blood and wound cultures were often polymicrobial. One animal was euthanatized secondary to overwhelming sepsis. In addition, three (17%) animals developed thromboembolic complications. In contrast, no thromboembolic complications were noted in the VAP group, and only one animal developed a transient fever which resolved spontaneously; no septic complications or abscesses developed. Blood draws with no anesthesia were successful in both groups. We conclude that subcutaneous vascular access ports are a safe and efficient method for obtaining reliable chronic vascular access for a 1-month period in pigs. The subcutaneous devices were associated with low morbidity. In contrast, externalized catheters can be associated with considerable morbidity.
Advantages of direct peroral cholangioscopy (DPOCS) by using an ultraslim endoscope include a sin... more Advantages of direct peroral cholangioscopy (DPOCS) by using an ultraslim endoscope include a single-operator platform, image quality equal to that of standard endoscopy, and separate water and air channels. However, DPOCS has significant limitations, including cumbersome biliary access, en-face position with the ampulla, and gastric looping of the endoscope. A newly designed anchoring balloon may overcome these challenges. To report the feasibility of DPOCS with the anchoring balloon. Pilot study, porcine model. Animal resources center. The anchoring balloon system developed by Cook Medical (Winston-Salem, NC) was used for DPOCS. Primary: Feasibility of biliary access maintenance and intraductal mobility. Secondary: Feasibility of intraductal therapeutic procedures. Four animal subjects underwent DPOCS with the anchoring balloon. Ductal access was achieved with sphincterotomy in 2 subjects and with a balloon sphincteroplasty in 2 subjects. Intraductal placement of the ultraslim endoscope was achieved in all biliary access attempts without balloon migration or deflation. Common bile duct, cystic duct, bifurcation, and main right and left duct direct visualization was achieved in all cases. Therapeutic interventions by DPOCS, including intraductal biopsy, balloon dilatation, and intraductal bilateral metal stent placement, were all completed successfully. Biliary perforation occurred in one case because of balloon overinflation and in a second case because of sphincterotomy. Prototype study in an animal model and small study size. Our results show that the novel anchoring balloon system successfully and safely enables DPOCS for both diagnostic and therapeutic interventions. If corroborated in human trials, it could offer a new platform for biliary interventions.
Contemporary topics in laboratory animal science / American Association for Laboratory Animal Science
Lemierre's syndrome is an acute clinical condition characterized by oropharyngeal infection with ... more Lemierre's syndrome is an acute clinical condition characterized by oropharyngeal infection with anaerobic bacteria leading to septic thrombophlebitis of the internal jugular vein, with frequent pulmonary embolic abscesses (Ͼ 95%), in humans (1-4). In the pre-antibiotic era, the syndrome was common and lethal in humans, with mortality Ͼ 90% (1, 2). With liberal use of widespectrum antibiotics, Lemierre's syndrome has become so rare that the diagnosis is often forgotten, delayed, or overlooked (2-3). Thus, it remains a potentially life-threatening clinical entity in humans if not recognized promptly and treated appropriately. Lemierre's syndrome may develop sporadically in animals, but has not been well recognized. We report a case of Lemierre's syndrome in a 6-month-old, male, New Zealand White rabbit. The specific-pathogen-free rabbit was housed singly in a stainless steel cage and was fed commercial pelleted rabbit chow and filtered city water ad libitum. The rabbit was being used for polyclonal antibody production for approximately 3 months, as approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee at the University of Chicago. The animal appeared clinically normal until acute onset of anorexia, lethargy, and depression, and died within 3 h despite emergency clinical care. Necropsy revealed a swelling around the left caudal mandibular ramus, temporal bone, and basisphenoid bone. The swelling was soft and friable, measured 3.5 ϫ 4.5 ϫ 3 cm, and had multifocal to coalescing necrosis. The necrotic foci contained yellow, greenish or gray, caseous material, and were surrounded by a dark-red zone. Mucosal swelling, necrosis, and ulceration were evident, with greenish to yellow, caseous material around the last 2 to 3 molar teeth of the ipsilateral maxilla and mandible and in the adjacent laryngeal ventricle (Figure 1). White to yellowish gelatinous fluid accumulated focally in the subcutis around the lower jaw and the nasal orifice. Both internal and external jugular veins and other large vessels within and adjacent to the swollen tissues were friable, dark-red, and rigid, with intraluminal thrombi/emboli and necrotic debris. Multifocal to coalescing dark-red foci of discoloration with occasional pale white centers were observed bilaterally in the parenchyma of the lung, especially the middle and caudal lobes (Figure 2). Multifocal necrosis and hemorrhage were apparent in the parenchyma of all liver lobes, cerebrum, cerebellum, and brain stem (Figure 2
To evaluate the feasibility of using therapeutic ultrasound as an alternative treatment option fo... more To evaluate the feasibility of using therapeutic ultrasound as an alternative treatment option for organ-confined prostate cancer. In this study, a trans-urethral therapeutic ultrasound applicator in combination with 3T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) guidance was used for real-time multi-planar MRI-based temperature monitoring and temperature feedback control of prostatic tissue thermal ablation in vivo. We evaluated the feasibility and safety of MRI-guided trans-urethral ultrasound to effectively and accurately ablate prostate tissue while minimizing the damage to surrounding tissues in eight canine prostates. MRI was used to plan sonications, monitor temperature changes during therapy, and to evaluate treatment outcome. Real-time temperature and thermal dose maps were calculated using the proton resonance frequency shift technique and were displayed as two-dimensional color-coded overlays on top of the anatomical images. After ultrasound treatment, an evaluation of the integrity...
Contemporary topics in laboratory animal science / American Association for Laboratory Animal Science
... CRAIG L. WARDRIP, DVM,1 STEVEN L. SEPS, DVM,1 LAURA SKROCKI, BA,2 LAM NGUYEN, BA,1 PAUL R. WA... more ... CRAIG L. WARDRIP, DVM,1 STEVEN L. SEPS, DVM,1 LAURA SKROCKI, BA,2 LAM NGUYEN, BA,1 PAUL R. WATERSTRAT, DVM, PHD ... Use of Grocott's methenamine-silver stain revealed the hyphae in the skin and subjacent muscle, but did not reveal any hyphae in visceral ...
Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950), 1997
Ag-specific T cell activation requires a CD28-mediated costimulatory interaction. This observatio... more Ag-specific T cell activation requires a CD28-mediated costimulatory interaction. This observation has suggested novel approaches to suppress donor-specific immunity, including the use of soluble CD28 antagonists, such as CTLA4Ig, which suppresses transplant rejection in small animal models. In this study, CTLA4Ig therapy was examined in a non-human primate model of allogeneic pancreatic islet transplantation. Two of five CTLA4Ig-treated monkeys showed prolonged graft survival, which correlated with donor-specific hyporesponsiveness in vitro. Humoral responses to the transplanted tissue were suppressed in all treated animals. These results suggest that CTLA4Ig is effective in suppressing both humoral and cellular immune responses in a non-human primate model of allogeneic transplantation.
Lemierre's syndrome, oropharyngeal infections induced by anaerobic bacteria, leading to fatal... more Lemierre's syndrome, oropharyngeal infections induced by anaerobic bacteria, leading to fatal septic thrombophlebi- tis of the internal jugular vein and pulmonary embolic abscesses in humans, was diagnosed in a 6-month-old, male, New Zealand White rabbit. After acute onset of anorexia, lethargy, and depression, the rabbit died suddenly despite emergency clinical care. Necropsy revealed swelling, necrosis, and abscess in the soft
share first authorship of this article on the basis of their major contributions in working with ... more share first authorship of this article on the basis of their major contributions in working with Dr. Becker in the conception, planning, and execution of the experiments; David Beiser is second author for taking primary responsibility for writing the manuscript, analyzing data, and modeling the heat transfer.
To evaluate the feasibility of using therapeutic ultrasound as an alternative treatment option fo... more To evaluate the feasibility of using therapeutic ultrasound as an alternative treatment option for organ-confined prostate cancer. In this study, a trans-urethral therapeutic ultrasound applicator in combination with 3T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) guidance was used for real-time multi-planar MRI-based temperature monitoring and temperature feedback control of prostatic tissue thermal ablation in vivo. We evaluated the feasibility and safety of MRI-guided trans-urethral ultrasound to effectively and accurately ablate prostate tissue while minimizing the damage to surrounding tissues in eight canine prostates. MRI was used to plan sonications, monitor temperature changes during therapy, and to evaluate treatment outcome. Real-time temperature and thermal dose maps were calculated using the proton resonance frequency shift technique and were displayed as two-dimensional color-coded overlays on top of the anatomical images. After ultrasound treatment, an evaluation of the integrity...
Contemporary topics in laboratory animal science, 2005
We sought to compare the outcomes of two chronic vascular access techniques, the externalized cat... more We sought to compare the outcomes of two chronic vascular access techniques, the externalized catheter and the subcutaneous vascular access port, in pigs. Female farm pigs (n = 30) underwent placement of a chronic vascular access device in the jugular vein for a research protocol: 18 of the animals underwent placement of a tunneled Hickman catheter (THC), and the remaining 12 animals underwent placement of a subcutaneous vascular access port (VAP) without external components. After placement of the devices, animals underwent serial blood sampling. All animals were given identical antibiotic prophylaxis. VAP access required the use of a restraint sling for Huber needle insertion, whereas THC access required no additional equipment. Animals were euthanatized 1 month after placement of the device. In the VAP group, the port was retrieved, cleaned, and steam-autoclaved for reuse. In the THC group, 13 (72%) animals developed infectious complications, and blood and wound cultures were oft...
Contemporary topics in laboratory animal science, 1999
Lemierre's syndrome, oropharyngeal infections induced by anaerobic bacteria, leading to fatal... more Lemierre's syndrome, oropharyngeal infections induced by anaerobic bacteria, leading to fatal septic thrombophlebitis of the internal jugular vein and pulmonary embolic abscesses in humans, was diagnosed in a 6-month-old, male, New Zealand White rabbit. After acute onset of anorexia, lethargy, and depression, the rabbit died suddenly despite emergency clinical care. Necropsy revealed swelling, necrosis, and abscess in the soft tissues around the left caudal mandibular ramus, oral mucosa, and molar teeth, with systemic embolic abscesses and necrosis, especially in the jugular vein, lungs, and brain. Histologic examination revealed necrosis and embolic abscesses with filamentous bacteria in the mandibular soft tissues, salivary gland, jugular veins, alveolar bone and marrow, periodontal tissues and dental pulp, oral and pharyngeal mucosa, lungs, brain, liver, myocardium, meninges, and small intestine. Bacterial culture of the mandibular abscess and heart blood yielded Fusobacteriu...
Contemporary topics in laboratory animal science, 1998
Diseases of bulbourethral glands have rarely been reported in mice. The present report describes ... more Diseases of bulbourethral glands have rarely been reported in mice. The present report describes bulbourethral gland cysts in three male mice: a.1yearold DBA/2J mouse (case 1), a 10monthold nude mouse (case 2), and a 4.5monthold chimeric mouse (case 3). Round to oval fluctuant nodules were observed on their dorsal perineum. The nodules in cases 1 and 2 were pale, pink to tan, soft, and glistening; in case 3, the mass was purple-red and soft. All nodules were located subcutaneously between the bulbospongiosus and ischiocavernous muscles, with a deep connection to the urethra. The nodules were 13 mm (case 1), 6 mm (case 2), and 8 mm (case 3) in diameter. The cut surface of the nodules was cystic; the lumina were filled with clear gelatinous or viscous (cases 1 and 2) or thin blood-tinged fluid (case 3). The nodules comprised irregular cysts and acini that were lined by a single layer of cuboidal, pyramidal to tall columnar epithelial cells with little stroma. Bulbourethral gland cysts...
Contemporary topics in laboratory animal science, 1998
Renal cell carcinoma was diagnosed in 2 Siberian hamsters (Phodopus sungorus). One hamster had a ... more Renal cell carcinoma was diagnosed in 2 Siberian hamsters (Phodopus sungorus). One hamster had a unilateral solitary papillary-tubular carcinoma. The other hamster had a clear-cell, a papillary-tubular, and mixed types of carcinomas in the left kidney and a cystic-papillary-tubular type of carcinoma in the right kidney. In the papillary-tubular carcinoma. there were cuboidal to columnar cells arranged in tubular or papillary patterns supported by delicate fibrous stroma. Nuclei were located basally, often perpendicular to the subjacent basement membrane. Cytoplasm was pale to eosinophilic and variably abundant. Pleomorphic oval to polygonal cells found in the clear-cell carcinoma were arranged in broad trabeculae, lobules, or nests, with congested capillary stroma and multifocal necrosis. Cytoplasm varied from eosinophilic and granular to pale and clear or vacuolated. In the cystic-papillary-tubular carcinoma, cuboidal to columnar cells were arranged in cystic, papillary, or tubular...
We sought to compare the outcomes of two chronic vascular access techniques, the externalized cat... more We sought to compare the outcomes of two chronic vascular access techniques, the externalized catheter and the subcutaneous vascular access port, in pigs. Female farm pigs (n = 30) underwent placement of a chronic vascular access device in the jugular vein for a research protocol: 18 of the animals underwent placement of a tunneled Hickman catheter (THC), and the remaining 12 animals underwent placement of a subcutaneous vascular access port (VAP) without external components. After placement of the devices, animals underwent serial blood sampling. All animals were given identical antibiotic prophylaxis. VAP access required the use of a restraint sling for Huber needle insertion, whereas THC access required no additional equipment. Animals were euthanatized 1 month after placement of the device. In the VAP group, the port was retrieved, cleaned, and steam-autoclaved for reuse. In the THC group, 13 (72%) animals developed infectious complications, and blood and wound cultures were oft...
Contemporary Topics in Laboratory Animal Science American Association For Laboratory Animal Science, Mar 1, 2005
We sought to compare the outcomes of two chronic vascular access techniques, the externalized cat... more We sought to compare the outcomes of two chronic vascular access techniques, the externalized catheter and the subcutaneous vascular access port, in pigs. Female farm pigs (n = 30) underwent placement of a chronic vascular access device in the jugular vein for a research protocol: 18 of the animals underwent placement of a tunneled Hickman catheter (THC), and the remaining 12 animals underwent placement of a subcutaneous vascular access port (VAP) without external components. After placement of the devices, animals underwent serial blood sampling. All animals were given identical antibiotic prophylaxis. VAP access required the use of a restraint sling for Huber needle insertion, whereas THC access required no additional equipment. Animals were euthanatized 1 month after placement of the device. In the VAP group, the port was retrieved, cleaned, and steam-autoclaved for reuse. In the THC group, 13 (72%) animals developed infectious complications, and blood and wound cultures were often polymicrobial. One animal was euthanatized secondary to overwhelming sepsis. In addition, three (17%) animals developed thromboembolic complications. In contrast, no thromboembolic complications were noted in the VAP group, and only one animal developed a transient fever which resolved spontaneously; no septic complications or abscesses developed. Blood draws with no anesthesia were successful in both groups. We conclude that subcutaneous vascular access ports are a safe and efficient method for obtaining reliable chronic vascular access for a 1-month period in pigs. The subcutaneous devices were associated with low morbidity. In contrast, externalized catheters can be associated with considerable morbidity.
Advantages of direct peroral cholangioscopy (DPOCS) by using an ultraslim endoscope include a sin... more Advantages of direct peroral cholangioscopy (DPOCS) by using an ultraslim endoscope include a single-operator platform, image quality equal to that of standard endoscopy, and separate water and air channels. However, DPOCS has significant limitations, including cumbersome biliary access, en-face position with the ampulla, and gastric looping of the endoscope. A newly designed anchoring balloon may overcome these challenges. To report the feasibility of DPOCS with the anchoring balloon. Pilot study, porcine model. Animal resources center. The anchoring balloon system developed by Cook Medical (Winston-Salem, NC) was used for DPOCS. Primary: Feasibility of biliary access maintenance and intraductal mobility. Secondary: Feasibility of intraductal therapeutic procedures. Four animal subjects underwent DPOCS with the anchoring balloon. Ductal access was achieved with sphincterotomy in 2 subjects and with a balloon sphincteroplasty in 2 subjects. Intraductal placement of the ultraslim endoscope was achieved in all biliary access attempts without balloon migration or deflation. Common bile duct, cystic duct, bifurcation, and main right and left duct direct visualization was achieved in all cases. Therapeutic interventions by DPOCS, including intraductal biopsy, balloon dilatation, and intraductal bilateral metal stent placement, were all completed successfully. Biliary perforation occurred in one case because of balloon overinflation and in a second case because of sphincterotomy. Prototype study in an animal model and small study size. Our results show that the novel anchoring balloon system successfully and safely enables DPOCS for both diagnostic and therapeutic interventions. If corroborated in human trials, it could offer a new platform for biliary interventions.
Contemporary topics in laboratory animal science / American Association for Laboratory Animal Science
Lemierre's syndrome is an acute clinical condition characterized by oropharyngeal infection with ... more Lemierre's syndrome is an acute clinical condition characterized by oropharyngeal infection with anaerobic bacteria leading to septic thrombophlebitis of the internal jugular vein, with frequent pulmonary embolic abscesses (Ͼ 95%), in humans (1-4). In the pre-antibiotic era, the syndrome was common and lethal in humans, with mortality Ͼ 90% (1, 2). With liberal use of widespectrum antibiotics, Lemierre's syndrome has become so rare that the diagnosis is often forgotten, delayed, or overlooked (2-3). Thus, it remains a potentially life-threatening clinical entity in humans if not recognized promptly and treated appropriately. Lemierre's syndrome may develop sporadically in animals, but has not been well recognized. We report a case of Lemierre's syndrome in a 6-month-old, male, New Zealand White rabbit. The specific-pathogen-free rabbit was housed singly in a stainless steel cage and was fed commercial pelleted rabbit chow and filtered city water ad libitum. The rabbit was being used for polyclonal antibody production for approximately 3 months, as approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee at the University of Chicago. The animal appeared clinically normal until acute onset of anorexia, lethargy, and depression, and died within 3 h despite emergency clinical care. Necropsy revealed a swelling around the left caudal mandibular ramus, temporal bone, and basisphenoid bone. The swelling was soft and friable, measured 3.5 ϫ 4.5 ϫ 3 cm, and had multifocal to coalescing necrosis. The necrotic foci contained yellow, greenish or gray, caseous material, and were surrounded by a dark-red zone. Mucosal swelling, necrosis, and ulceration were evident, with greenish to yellow, caseous material around the last 2 to 3 molar teeth of the ipsilateral maxilla and mandible and in the adjacent laryngeal ventricle (Figure 1). White to yellowish gelatinous fluid accumulated focally in the subcutis around the lower jaw and the nasal orifice. Both internal and external jugular veins and other large vessels within and adjacent to the swollen tissues were friable, dark-red, and rigid, with intraluminal thrombi/emboli and necrotic debris. Multifocal to coalescing dark-red foci of discoloration with occasional pale white centers were observed bilaterally in the parenchyma of the lung, especially the middle and caudal lobes (Figure 2). Multifocal necrosis and hemorrhage were apparent in the parenchyma of all liver lobes, cerebrum, cerebellum, and brain stem (Figure 2
To evaluate the feasibility of using therapeutic ultrasound as an alternative treatment option fo... more To evaluate the feasibility of using therapeutic ultrasound as an alternative treatment option for organ-confined prostate cancer. In this study, a trans-urethral therapeutic ultrasound applicator in combination with 3T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) guidance was used for real-time multi-planar MRI-based temperature monitoring and temperature feedback control of prostatic tissue thermal ablation in vivo. We evaluated the feasibility and safety of MRI-guided trans-urethral ultrasound to effectively and accurately ablate prostate tissue while minimizing the damage to surrounding tissues in eight canine prostates. MRI was used to plan sonications, monitor temperature changes during therapy, and to evaluate treatment outcome. Real-time temperature and thermal dose maps were calculated using the proton resonance frequency shift technique and were displayed as two-dimensional color-coded overlays on top of the anatomical images. After ultrasound treatment, an evaluation of the integrity...
Contemporary topics in laboratory animal science / American Association for Laboratory Animal Science
... CRAIG L. WARDRIP, DVM,1 STEVEN L. SEPS, DVM,1 LAURA SKROCKI, BA,2 LAM NGUYEN, BA,1 PAUL R. WA... more ... CRAIG L. WARDRIP, DVM,1 STEVEN L. SEPS, DVM,1 LAURA SKROCKI, BA,2 LAM NGUYEN, BA,1 PAUL R. WATERSTRAT, DVM, PHD ... Use of Grocott's methenamine-silver stain revealed the hyphae in the skin and subjacent muscle, but did not reveal any hyphae in visceral ...
Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950), 1997
Ag-specific T cell activation requires a CD28-mediated costimulatory interaction. This observatio... more Ag-specific T cell activation requires a CD28-mediated costimulatory interaction. This observation has suggested novel approaches to suppress donor-specific immunity, including the use of soluble CD28 antagonists, such as CTLA4Ig, which suppresses transplant rejection in small animal models. In this study, CTLA4Ig therapy was examined in a non-human primate model of allogeneic pancreatic islet transplantation. Two of five CTLA4Ig-treated monkeys showed prolonged graft survival, which correlated with donor-specific hyporesponsiveness in vitro. Humoral responses to the transplanted tissue were suppressed in all treated animals. These results suggest that CTLA4Ig is effective in suppressing both humoral and cellular immune responses in a non-human primate model of allogeneic transplantation.
Lemierre's syndrome, oropharyngeal infections induced by anaerobic bacteria, leading to fatal... more Lemierre's syndrome, oropharyngeal infections induced by anaerobic bacteria, leading to fatal septic thrombophlebi- tis of the internal jugular vein and pulmonary embolic abscesses in humans, was diagnosed in a 6-month-old, male, New Zealand White rabbit. After acute onset of anorexia, lethargy, and depression, the rabbit died suddenly despite emergency clinical care. Necropsy revealed swelling, necrosis, and abscess in the soft
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