Ba English

Kerala has a rich legacy in Arabic literature. Both prose and poetry were come to light by the tremendous efforts of some versatile scholars who were imparted religious education from dars system. Some scholars like Qadi Mohammed and Mampuram Thangal and others chose the way of poetry as a political weapon against British army while the others wrote about the characteristic peculiarities of the prophet Mohammed (S) for the sake of the god. Some others turned the ability of writing poetry to praise their fondful masters and leaders who were the torch bearers of the community. Pangil Ahmed Kutty Musliyar was one of the prominent scholars who wrote so many poems on various topics like jurisprudence. This paper aims to introduce about pangil Ahmed Kutty Musliyar's poem on the basis of the life of Sayyid Alavi Thangal Mampuram who breathed his last before forty one years of the former's birth. This paper will focus on the formation of the poem, its literal beauty, authenticity of the incidents and such like matters and it will be more useful for those have keen interest to study about Pangil Ahmed Kutty Musliyar and his world of poetry.

Etymologically the origin of English word Epic comes from the Latin word epicus, which itself comes from the Ancient Greek adjective (epikos), which comes from (epos) meaning "word, story, or poem." The Oxford English dictionary defines an epic as: noun. /ˈepɪk/ as a long poem about the actions of great men and women or about a nation's history; and this style of poetry. A poem, typically derived from ancient oral tradition, which celebrates in the form of a continuous narrative the achievements of one or more heroic characters of history or legend.Typical representatives of the genre are the Iliad and Odyssey. This definition by Oxford is also used to define Epic poetry, as the genre that deals with an epic poem, which is a lengthy narrative poem, ordinarily involving a time beyond living memory in which occurred the extraordinary doings of the extraordinary men and women who, in dealings with the gods or other superhuman forces, gave shape to the mortal universe for their descendants, the poet and their audience, to understand themselves as a people or nation. Ramayana and The Epic of Gilgamesh, the object of study for this paper are two epic narratives from across the world. When Ramayana draws its origin from India, the Epic of Gilgamesh has its roots dating back to the mesopotamian civilization (2100-1200 BCE). The author of this work is not known. Mesopotamia is a historical region of Western Asia situated within the Tigris-Euphrates river system. In terms of the modern nation-state it corresponds with much of Iraq, Kuwait, the eastern parts of Syria, Southeastern Turkey, and regions along the Turkish-Syrian and Iran-Iraq borders. Of the few clay tablets that survived the great deluge, codified in the sumerian language is the epic of gilgamesh that took birth as we see it today. It is known as the earliest surviving literature and notably the second religious text. The epic begins with 5 sumerian poems about a person called Bilgames, (sumerian for Gilgamesh) the king of Uruk. The peculiar fact of this

"I demand that a film express either the joy of making cinema or the agony of making cinema. I am not at all interested in anything in between."-Francois Truffaut.
The French new wave which can be marked in history by the late 1950's, was an outcall to refutation of the iconoclasm and traditional conventions of film making. They tried new methods in camera angles, editing and style of narrative. The term came to usage by a group of film critics who rejected the idea of the tradition of quality with shots and images that required an in depth thought. It was in 1954 that Francois Truffaunt wrote his essay on the French new wave which was demarcated as the founding father moment of the French new wave.

Perhaps the most essential characteristic of the motion picture is montage, which comes from the French word  monter which means, “to assemble.” Encyclopedia Britannica defines Montage, in motion pictures, as the editing technique of assembling separate pieces of thematically related film and putting them together into a sequence. With montage, portions of motion pictures can be carefully built up piece by piece by the director, film editor, and visual and sound technicians, who cut and fit each part with the others.

Petro fictions emerge from the field of humanities that deal with eco-criticism majorly with texts that revolve around the discovery of petrol. In this paper I have tried to read various Petro fictions in Arabic and Malayalam and tried to look at the subaltern identities portrayed in them

Folktales are stories in the oral tradition, or tales that people tell each other out loud, rather than stories in written form. They're closely related to many storytelling traditions, including fables, myths, and fairy tales. Every human society has its own folktales; these well-known stories, handed down between generations, are an important way of passing along knowledge, information, and history. One Thousand and One Nights (Arabic: Alf Laylah wa-Laylah) is a collection of Middle Eastern folk tales compiled in Arabic during the Islamic Golden Age. The codified text is collection over many centuries by various adaptations, interpreters, translators, writers and scholars from as far as from west mainly the Europeans, central and south Asians and North Africa who went after the tales of the Arab traditions. Some tales themselves trace their roots back to ancient and medieval Arabic, Persian, Indian, Greek, Jewish and Turkish folklore and literature. through this paper I would like to question what should be published and canonized as a children classic. And are these texts in their true forms? In the coming chapters we will come to know about the authenticity of the origin and the complex tradition of handing over the narration. And henceforth we will be able to question the colonial hegemony and power of the Arabian Nights.

“Camille Bulcke (1950), a student of the Ramayana, counted three hundred. It's no wonder that even as long ago as the fourteenth century, Kumaravyasa, a Kannada poet, chose to write a Mahabharata. because he heard the cosmic serpent which upholds the earth groaning under the burden of Ramayana poets.” (Ramanujan,Three hundred Ramayanas)

This passage from A. K. Ramanujan’s controversial essay Three hundred ramayanas: Five examples and three thoughts on translations reminded me of a version of ramayana that I had heard about growing up, the Mappila Ramayana from the north of Kerala. A version which is unpopular and often forgotten. In this paper I have tried to look into what is the Mappila Ramayana and what it signifies.

Being a part of the world literature class has been an insight to me in many levels. The epic of Gilgamesh, and story of the heroic king Gilgamesh and his pursuit in life is something that called me home. It is amazing to look at a text as ancient as the epic of Gilgamesh, something that is thought to be written 4000 years ago and the mere fact that it exists and talks about things that concern the modern man of the 21st century is just incredible.
In this paper I would like to discuss some key points that struck me as woman of this modern day from the epic of Gilgamesh. Even though it was only in 1929 the idea of an existential crisis has been studied by psychologists and psychiatrists such as Kazimierz Dabrowski and Irvin D. Yalom. It is my argument that existential crisis, the questioning of his identity and alienation has been addressed in literature from earliest of works. The quest of Gilgamesh and his sole purpose in life could be traced back to this similar kind of feeling that one goes through in life. The recurring themes of death, eternity and a search for answers are some things any human being would relate to, to this day.

From the rapid rise in literary production as well as academic scholarship, it is unmistakably clear that the graphic narrative has gained a certain spotlight. Much to the chagrin of some of its creators, it is even considered an art form. In this paper I would like to engage with the idea of ‘Difference’ by looking through the mode of Graphic narratives with a focus on a text from South Asia and about South Asian experience.

Most studies of gender roles in India have emphasized the subordinate roles of women, especially in comparison to the women in the United States. In contrast, the traditional dominant role of Indian women in the domestic aspects of family has not received as much attention. The present study compared the attitudes of college students in the United States and in South India toward the traditional roles of women, men, and children. The Historic-Socio-Cultural Premises Scale was administered to 21 male and 20 female college students in India and to 30 male and 35 female college students in the United States. Results indicated that although students in India, in general, held more traditional views than did students in the United States, the findings also reflected the dominance of Indian women within the domestic sphere in that they demand their children's obedience. On the other hand, the difference between men and women in India with regard to female chastity was the most significant finding. Even though women in India expressed the most traditional views regarding obedience in children, they expressed less traditional values than did men with regard to chastity. This may be because cultural concerns with female chastity in India have placed the woman in a weak and docile position, while the man in the traditional setting occupies the superior status of the "protector." It should be noted, however, that there are extreme regional and economic diversities between Northern and Southern India and obvious class differences among the population a: a whole; hence further studies would be required to take these differences into account. (ABL)

In this paper, we are discussing about the performance of distributed computing systems. Performance is a key parameter which needs to be addressed for any system. Since huge computational power could be employed by using distributed systems, the performance or the complete utilization of such power is also of utmost importance. The key quality performance characteristics such as response time, throughput and scalability are vital to the operation of distributed computing systems. When huge, geographically separated systems are employed the reliability as well as the availability of these systems becomes crucial. We will be looking into the possibility of reducing the downtime of distributed systems and providing a consistent performance throughout its entire life cycle.