Enviroment Engineering

 Waste minimization is an effort to reduce the volume, concentration, toxicity, and hazard level of waste originating from the production process by reducing its source and / or utilizing waste. Shredded fish is a processed product in the form of fine and dry fish meat fiber where the manufacturing process is a combination of boiling and frying by adding spices. The amount of industrial production of tuna shredded typical of Pontianak every Saturday and Sunday can reach 5-10 kg (depending on the order) with attractive packaging which is sold for IDR 50,000 per 200 grams. In processing tuna shredded it produces waste such as head, bones, tail, skin , and entrails. The minimization of waste that is carried out is the waste of fish bones produced by shredded fish which is used to become flour which contains lots of calcium. Keywords: Clean Technology, Fish Bone Flour, Shredded Fish Waste , Tongkol Fish, and Waste Minimization Abstrak Minimisasi limbah adalah upaya untuk mengurangi volu...

Seawater as abundant source for clean water is deemed as impossible task, particularly in developing country. Therefore, the feasibility of applying the reverse osmosis technology, particularly in the coastal area for drinking water is need further investigation. This paper aims to design and analyze the performance of small-scale desalination plant using combination of multi tray aerator, media filter, and multiple membranes consisting of ultrafiltration, brackish, and seawater membranes. Parameters used to verify the performance of small plant are salinity and total dissolved solid for membranes, while the parameters for examining the pre-treatment are Fe and Mn. The test results will be evaluated under the regulation of minister of health, Permenkes No. 32/2017. The influence of the pump pressure on the flow will also be analyzed. The result shows that the desalination plant can reduce the salinity concentration significantly from 10,200 ppm to 16 ppm, or 99.84%. The ratio of clean water to rejected water is ~36%. However, bacteria of E. Coli are still found in clean water, which is probably caused by biofouling.

Produk dari sisa sampah serbuk kayu dapat mengurangi permasalahan residu olahan industri menjadi produk Eco Egg Tray. Serbuk kayu yang dibuang oleh industry ternyata memiliki nilai bermanfaat menjadi produk olahan berguna. Mengkaji kekuatan Eco Egg Tray dan menganalisa perbedaan komposisi dari bahan baku terhadap perbedaan bahan perekat merupakan tujuan utama dalam penelitian ini. Cetakan telur plastik yang digunakan memiliki dimensi 24 x 21 cm serta memvariasikan jenis perekat Polyvinyl Acetate (PVAc) dan perekat kanji. Diberikan dua perlakuan pengeringan yaitu penjemuran dibawah sinar matahari selama ± 3 hari serta menggunakan oven pada suhu 105⁰C ± 5 jam. Hasil akhir dilakukan pengujian terhadap produk dengan jatuhan air dan perendaman di dalam air untuk mengetahui kekuatan dan daya rekat Eco Egg Tray. Hasil penelitian diperoleh dari kekuatan dan daya tahan Eco Egg Tray dengan perekat tepung kanji lebih baik daripada perekat PVAc. Sehingga produk ini akan berpotensi mengurangi sa...

Seawater as abundant source for clean water is deemed as impossible task, particularly in developing country. Therefore, the feasibility of applying the reverse osmosis technology, particularly in the coastal area for drinking water is need further investigation. This paper aims to design and analyze the performance of small-scale desalination plant using combination of multi tray aerator, media filter, and multiple membranes consisting of ultrafiltration, brackish, and seawater membranes.Parameters used to verify the performance of small plant are salinity and total dissolved solid for membranes, while the parameters for examining the pre-treatment are Fe and Mn. The test results will be evaluated under the regulation of minister of health, Permenkes No. 32/2017. The influence of the pump pressure on the flow will also be analyzed.The result shows that the desalination plant can reduce the salinity concentration significantly from 10,200 ppm to 16 ppm, or 99.84%. The ratio of clean...

Seawater as abundant source for clean water is deemed as impossible task, particularly in developing country. Therefore, the feasibility of applying the reverse osmosis technology, particularly in the coastal area for drinking water is need further investigation. This paper aims to design and analyze the performance of small-scale desalination plant using combination of multi tray aerator, media filter, and multiple membranes consisting of ultrafiltration, brackish, and seawater membranes. Parameters used to verify the performance of small plant are salinity and total dissolved solid for membranes, while the parameters for examining the pre-treatment are Fe and Mn. The test results will be evaluated under the regulation of minister of health, Permenkes No. 32/2017. The influence of the pump pressure on the flow will also be analyzed. The result shows that the desalination plant can reduce the salinity concentration significantly from 10,200 ppm to 16 ppm, or 99.84%. The ratio of clean water to rejected water is ~36%. However, bacteria of E. Coli are still found in clean water, which is probably caused by biofouling.

Waste minimization is an effort to reduce the volume, concentration, toxicity, and hazard level of waste originating from the production process by reducing its source and / or utilizing waste. Shredded fish is a processed product in the form of fine and dry fish meat fiber where the manufacturing process is a combination of boiling and frying by adding spices. The amount of industrial production of tuna shredded typical of Pontianak every Saturday and Sunday can reach 5-10 kg (depending on the order) with attractive packaging which is sold for IDR 50,000 per 200 grams. In processing tuna shredded it produces waste such as head, bones, tail, skin , and entrails. The minimization of waste that is carried out is the waste of fish bones produced by shredded fish which is used to become flour which contains lots of calcium.

Products from the remaining sawdust waste can reduce the problem of industrially processed residues in Eco Egg Tray products. The sawdust that is discarded by the industry turns out to have a beneficial value into a useful processed product. Assessing the strength of the Eco Egg Tray and analyzing the differences in the composition of the raw materials against the differences in adhesives are the main objectives of this research. The plastic egg molds used had dimensions of 24 x 21 cm and varied types of Polyvinyl Acetate (PVAc) adhesive and starch adhesive. Two drying treatments were given, namely drying under the sun for ± 3 days and using an oven at 105⁰C ± 5 hours. The final results were tested on the product by dropping water and immersing it in water to determine the strength and adhesion of the Eco Egg Tray. The research results obtained from the strength and durability of the Eco Egg Tray with starch adhesives were better than PVAc adhesives. So that this product has the potential to reduce sawdust organic waste. And the Eco Egg Tray can be applied to the community as an alternative and environmentally friendly product.

The community in Sungai Itik Village and its vicinity use river water for their daily needs, such as irrigation for agriculture, fish ponds, washing, bathing, and more. The quality of the river water has an iron (Fe) content of 2,64 mg/L, Total Dissolved Oxygen (TDS) of 347 mg/L, Dissolved Oxygen (DO) of 4,7 mg/L, a temperature of 29°C, and a pH of 5,4. The iron (Fe) content exceeds the standards set by PerMenKes No. 32 of 2017, requiring treatment using a multiple-tray aerator. This study aimed to determine the effective distance and number of trays in treating Sungai Itik's raw water, understand the coefficient of gas transfer (K La) in the aeration process, and find the optimum aeration time. This study employed a multiple-tray aerator consisting of 5 trays with variations in the tray distances at 30 cm, 40 cm, 50 cm, and 60 cm. Three repetitions were performed for each treatment, both without gravel and with gravel. The results of this study showed that the best reduction in Fe content was achieved by the treatment with gravel at a tray distance of 60 cm using 5 trays, resulting in a 6,64% reduction in Fe from an average value of 1,51 mg/L to 1,41 mg/L. The average pH value was 6,19, and the TDS was 890 mg/L. The highest oxygen transfer rate (K La) was obtained at a tray distance of 60 cm with gravel, averaging 0,2857/minute, and the optimum aeration time was 10 minutes.