Papers by Gerald Volker Grimm
The habit of smoking and the pipe have been depicted in Central Europe from the late 16th century... more The habit of smoking and the pipe have been depicted in Central Europe from the late 16th century onwards. These depictions can be regarded as important sources not only for the then actual pipes but also for the social interpretation of smoking. From a curiosity over to a sign symbol of wealth and also especially after the outbreak of the second phase of the 80 Eighty Year's War in 1621 of soldiers, to a common and easily-offending habit, different distinct and slightly overlapping phases of the smoker's image can be traced up to the mid-17th century in an increasing number of depictions, which ledt to the stereotype of the smoking peasant and later on to the general acceptance by the authorities, which is reflected in smokers depictions of the later 17th and 18th century. Due to the Napoleonic Wars, we see the pipe as a symbol of status again and seemingly contrary to that of joy and "gemütlichkeit" in a time when other methods of tobacco consumption were on the rise. The paper will give a brief overview about of the different phases of in the changing image of the pipe smoker in art and it's relationship to the contemporary pipe production in Central Europe.
Aachener Geschichtsverein-Online Beiträge, 2011
Im Zuge der Grabung "Prinzenhofstraße" (NW 2011 / 0051) kam im Mai 2011 eine Abwurfgrube eines Bi... more Im Zuge der Grabung "Prinzenhofstraße" (NW 2011 / 0051) kam im Mai 2011 eine Abwurfgrube eines Bilderbäckers zutage 1. Diese Grube befand sich unter einer deckenden Schicht, die wiederum von einem Mauerfundament überdeckt war (siehe Abb. 1). Nach der Freilegung des ersten Pfeifentonfragmentes legte der Aachener Stadtarchäologe Andreas Schaub persönlich die Fundstelle weiter frei. Die Grube enthielt, ebenso wie die umgebende Fundschicht, neben Pfeifentonplastiken auch Fragmente von Steinzeug und bleiglasierter Irdenware, die in beiden Fällen etwa in das erste Drittel des 15. Jahrhunderts datiert werden können. Die beiden darüber befindlichen Schichten enthielten Funde wohl des mittleren bis späten 15. Jahrhunderts 2 .
Mitteilungen der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Archäologie des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit, 2022
This paper presents a short overview and typology of horse bathes, mostly from the late middle ag... more This paper presents a short overview and typology of horse bathes, mostly from the late middle ages up to the 19th century. Horse bathes are a necessity, since horses would easily overheat after work. So they must have been ubiquos. Some horse bathes are even preserved in photographs. Concerning archeological exavations, horse bathes previously recognized as such were build at least partly in stone or their function was evident by historical notes. So in addition to plans historical depictions mayy help recognizing them by showing where to look after horse bathes and what kind of architectual features are typical especially for those which were mainly build with local soil and organic construction materials.
In: Stiftung „Fürst-Pückler-Park Bad Muskau“ (Hrsg.), Keramik im häuslichen und repräsentativen Gebrauch. 52. Internationales Keramiksymposium in Bad Muskau vom 16. bis zum 20. September 2019 (Bad Muskau 2022) 73-80., 2022
This article is a short catalogue of the works by an anonymous goldsmith: The Master of the Laden... more This article is a short catalogue of the works by an anonymous goldsmith: The Master of the Ladenburg Holy Kings. The work of this highly influential contemporary to Niclas Gerhaert van Leyden has some structural similarities with the Dutch sculptor. Apart from a broch reused in 1473 in a bust by Hans Dirmstein, silver model from the Amberbach cabinet and two angels most likely executed in 1476 his work is mostly preserved in pastry moulds and copies therefrom, which had been also used for the decoration of pipe clay reliefs and various artwork like Siegburg stoneware, bells and mortars. While one pastry mould was recovered in a pit dated to 1454 and Master E. S. made use of his St. Sebastian several times his work was especially popular in the 16th century.
Mitteilungen der deutschen Gesellschaft für Archäologie des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit, 2022
In the years 2019 to 2021, large-scale rescue excavations were carried out in Bocholt-Mussum. The... more In the years 2019 to 2021, large-scale rescue excavations were carried out in Bocholt-Mussum. The place is in the western Münster region, just a few kilometers from the border with the Netherlands.
A special feature there is the extraordinarily high groundwater level, which - with seasonal fluctuations - is only about 1-2 m below the surface of the ground. During the excavations, this led on the one hand to the fact that the investigation of deeper features caused the excavators some problems, but on the other hand to good preservation conditions for organic finds, especially wood.
During the excavations, among other things medieval predecessor buildings and other outbuildings of three farms were discovered which existed there from the High Middle Ages up to the present.
A horse bath was also discovered at two of the farms (Groß-Egeling and Groß-Hardt). The distance to each other is about 500 m.
There are some similarities, but also differences. The period of use is similar in each case: one was used from the High Middle Ages (probably the second half of the 13th century) into the 17th century, the other one from the late 13th century into the decades around 1600. According to this, the horse baths could have been used at the same time for more than three centuries.
When they were built it was close to then existing buildings, similar to what is depicted on a late 18th century etching/chalcography showing the ideal type of Westphalian farm. But they continued to be used when the respective settlement core had moved somewhat away. Both horse baths are completely artificial installations.
They were built into already existing relatively large moats or were perhaps built at the same time as the moats.
One seems to have had a simple, linear form throughout the ages, while the other one has undergone several transformations during its use. In the case of the latter, there are also indications of an additional – at least temporary – use as a washing area. However, it cannot be ruled out that the other one could also have been used in this way.
Horse baths were an essential infrastructure element from the High Middle Ages at the latest, when horses began to play a greater role in agriculture. Nevertheless, horse baths like the two examples from Bocholt-Mussum have only rarely been described. This of course raises the question of why horse ponds were not discovered much more frequently in medieval/modern settlement contexts.
In our opinion, there are various possible reasons for this, which are not mutually exclusive. These reasons are discussed.
Novaesium. Neusser Jahrbuch für Kunst, Kultur und Geschichte, 2011
Novaesium. Neusser Jahrbuch für Kunst, Kultur und Geschichte, 2011, 259-270.
This article gives a... more Novaesium. Neusser Jahrbuch für Kunst, Kultur und Geschichte, 2011, 259-270.
This article gives an overview of late medieval pipe clay figures and a pastry mould found in Neuss, Germany.
Larger versions of the figures are added at the end of the text.
Hallesche Beiträge zur Archäologie des Mitelalters 3 , 2019
Gerald Volker Grimm, Narreme als Schlüssel zur Interpretation von Darstellungen auf Keramik – Der... more Gerald Volker Grimm, Narreme als Schlüssel zur Interpretation von Darstellungen auf Keramik – Der Parisurteilmeister. In: Hans-Georg Stephan (Hrsg.), Keramik in Norddeutschland. Beiträge des 48. Symposiums für Keramikforschung vom 14. bis 18. September 2015 in Mölln. Hallesche Beiträge zur Archäologie des Mitelalters 3 (Langenweissbach 2019) 71-83.
This paper discusses the work oft he Master oft he Judgment of Paris, a goldsmith known by a group of late gothic pastry moulds, who used side narremes in his depictions. This is a very rare feature in contempory ceramics. It shows an overview of his works and the relation to 15th century engravings, mostly by Master ES. Some of his moulds later served as decorations for Siegburg Stoneware and bells.
Bonner Beiträge zur Vor-und Frühgeschichtlichen Archäologie Herausgegeben von Band 23, 2019
In: Michael Schmauder / Marion Roehmer (Hrsg.), Keramik als Handelsgut. Produktion – Distribution... more In: Michael Schmauder / Marion Roehmer (Hrsg.), Keramik als Handelsgut. Produktion – Distribution – Konsumption. 49. Symposium Keramikforschung des Arbeitskreises für Keramikforschung, des LVR-LandesMuseums Bonn, der Vor- und Frügeschichtlichen Archäologie der Rheinischen Friedrich-Wilhelms-Univrsität Bonn und des LVR-Amtes für Bodendenkmalpflege im Rheinland vom 19. bis 23. September 2016 in Bonn. Bonner Beiträge zur Vor- und Frühgeschichtlichen Archäologie 23 (Bonn 2019) 151-165.
This paper tests the validity of the Deventer Systeem by taking stoneware finds and depictions of funnel-necked jugs and beakers into account, mostly from Siegburg. This dating system is based on certain typological characteristics and dated contexts in the Netherlands and provides generally reliable comparisons for ceramics and glass of the middle ages and modern times. It gives additional chrono-typological hints according to the development of certain features of those vessels. In the end early relief-decorated funnel-neck jugs with the Three Holy Kings are dated anew according to the comparisons, showing the possibilities and the limitations of both methods.
The Deventer Systeem went online in the meantime: https://www.deventersysteem.nl.
In: H. Stadler / L. Obojes / M. Roemer (Hrsg.), Keramik zwischen Werbung, Propaganda und praktischem Gebrauch. Beiträge vom 50. Internationalen Symposium Keramikforschung in Innsbruck 2017 (Innsbruck 2018), 2018
This paper deals with a painting in the Musée du Tabac, Bergerac, attributed to the early work of... more This paper deals with a painting in the Musée du Tabac, Bergerac, attributed to the early work of the French carravaggionist Nicolas Tournier. This attribution is based on elements of the style but also on the use of models and realia that also appear in other paintings of Tournier. The dating is further confirmed by the realia depicted in the painting and comparable finds. In particular, this painting is a rich source on various forms of 1st generation pipes and other smoking utensils of the early 17th century. In terms of meaning, it stands at the transition from allegorical, descriptive and droll images to those with clearly negative connotations or depictions that play with negative connotations. Additional hint: An especially close parallel to the beaker (Waffelbecher, Spechter; fig. 23) can be added. It was excavated in Bocholt Old Townshall dated tot he 17th century. Schloss Horst (Gelsenkirchen) and can be attributed to an Antwerp workshop from the 2nd half of the 16th century: see Heike Tausendfreund, Hohlglas aus Westfalen-Lippe. Vergleichende Untersuchungen zu archäologischen Funden des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit. Dissertation zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades Doktor der Philosophie der Philosophischen Fakultät der Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen (Tübingen 2014), Band/vol. 1, 95, Band/vol. 2, 67, Taf./pl. 2, Nr. 113.see also Band/vol. 1, 94, Band/vol. 2, 67, Taf./pl. 10, Nr. 633.
Raerener Museumkurier 28, 2010
Online offprint after: Gerald Volker Grimm, Tonfiguren der Spätgotik und Renaissance im Töpfereim... more Online offprint after: Gerald Volker Grimm, Tonfiguren der Spätgotik und Renaissance im Töpfereimuseum Raeren. Im Andenken an Otto Eugen Mayer. Raerener Museumskurier 28, 2010, 63-75. https://www.toepfereimuseum.org/TopfereimuseumRaeren/files/69/694d34e9-499c-45b8-a7f5-636286020561.pdf
The article deals with the late gothic to renaissance clay figures (pipe clay and stoneare) in the Töpfereimuseum Raeren. Wit a single exception these had been found in the important stoneware production site Raeren near Aken.
Reformation in Württemberg. Freiheit - Wahrheit - Evangelium, 2017
Harald Rosmanitz / Gerald Volker Grimm, VII.9. Fragment eines Jesusknaben. In: Landesarchiv Baden... more Harald Rosmanitz / Gerald Volker Grimm, VII.9. Fragment eines Jesusknaben. In: Landesarchiv Baden-Württemberg, Hauptstaatsarchiv Stuttgart / Staatliche Schlösser und Gärten Baden-Württemberg (Hrsg.) / Peter Rückert / Alma-Maria Brandenburg / Eva Linda Müller (Bearb.), Reformation in Württemberg. Freiheit - Wahrheit - Evangelium. Katalogband zur Ausstellung des Landesarchivs Baden-Württemberg, Hauptstaatsarchiv Stuttgart (Ostfildern / Stuttgart 2017), 262-263.
Mitteilungen der DGAMN: Befestigung und Grenze in Mittelalter und Neuzeit, 2019
Mitteilungen der DGAMN: Befestigung und Grenze in Mittelalter und Neuzeit. Vol 32.
The differenc... more Mitteilungen der DGAMN: Befestigung und Grenze in Mittelalter und Neuzeit. Vol 32.
The differences resulting from the different approaches in the Netherlands, where metal detectors are widely used and a publication of excavations is mandatory (according to the Valletta Treaty) are discussed on the basis of military finds, mostly from the Thirty Years War in Germany (1618-1648) and the Eighty Years War (1568-1648). These present new evidence about the functioning of fortresses and the life in particular to combat operations
This paper gives additional data and refernces to a test of the validity of the Deventer Systeem ... more This paper gives additional data and refernces to a test of the validity of the Deventer Systeem by taking stoneware finds and depictions of jugs and beekers into account, mostly from Siegburg: Gerald Volker Grimm, Typochronologie rheinischer Trichterhalsgefäße. In: Michael Schmauder / Marion Roehmer (Hrsg.), Keramik als Handelsgut. Produktion – Distribution – Konsumption. 49. Symposium Keramikforschung des Arbeitskreises für Keramikforschung, des LVR-LandesMuseums Bonn, der Vor- und Frügeschichtlichen Archäologie der Rheinischen Friedrich-Wilhelms-Univrsität Bonn und des LVR-Amtes für Bodendenkmalpflege im Rheinland vom 19. bis 23. September 2016 in Bonn. Bonner Beiträge zur Vor- und Frühgeschichtlichen Archäologie 23 (Bonn 2019) 151-165. Apart from that some new typochronolgical features of German stoneware and related ceramics (mostly from Stralsund) are discussed.
Bonner Jahrbücher 209, 2009
This article deals with the typology of stove tiles of the Burg Tannenberg type and some misfired... more This article deals with the typology of stove tiles of the Burg Tannenberg type and some misfired specimens from Brühl near Cologne. Some are mid 14th century but the bulk of the finds was likely intended for Dietrich Schenk von Erbach, archbishop of Mainz from 1434 to 1459.
47. Internationales Symposium Keramikforschung 2014 in Wittenberg (D). Keramik und Töpferei im 15./16. Jahrhundert, 2016
In: Hans-Georg Stephan (Hrsg.), 47. Internationales Symposium Keramikforschung 2014 in Wittenberg... more In: Hans-Georg Stephan (Hrsg.), 47. Internationales Symposium Keramikforschung 2014 in Wittenberg (D). Keramik und Töpferei im 15./16. Jahrhundert Keramik und Töpferei im 15./16. Jahrhundert : Beiträge des 47. Internationalen Symposiums für Keramikforschung vom 8. bis 12. September 2014 in der Lutherstadt Wittenberg. Hallesche Beiträge zur Archäologie des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit 2 (Langenweissbach 2016) 59-72.
This paper introduces a late medieval art pottery from Stralsund which produced extraordinary jugs, tiles and stove tiles. Some decorations were made by prototypes for medieval ivories. As my co-author Ralf Weisbarth found out some of its products were glazed in a white claze that differs from all known majolica products of the 14th and 15th century.
Beiträge zur Mittelalterarchäologie in Österreich 27, 2011, 309-313, 2011
In: Sabine Felgenhauer-Schmiedt / Nikolaus Hofer / Karin Kühtreiber / Gabriele Scharrer Liska: K... more In: Sabine Felgenhauer-Schmiedt / Nikolaus Hofer / Karin Kühtreiber / Gabriele Scharrer Liska: Keramik und Technik. Internationale Fachtagung der Österreichischen Gesellschaft für Mittelalterarchäologie zugleich 43. Internationales Symposium des Arbeitskreises für Keramikforschung. Mautern an der Donau, 20. bis 25. September 2010
This paper deals with alterations on pipe clay figures and reliefs and the methods of dating.
Keramik und Technik. Internationale Fachtagung der Österreichischen Gesellschaft für Mittelalterarchäologie zugleich 43. Internationales Symposium des Arbeitskreises für Keramikforschung. Mautern an der Donau = Beiträge zur Mittelalterarchäologie in Österreich 27, 2011, 145-154., 2011
The paper discusses diverse technical features and the importance of mould generations for the re... more The paper discusses diverse technical features and the importance of mould generations for the research on medival pipe clay figures.
In: Sabine Felgenhauer-Schmiedt / Nikolaus Hofer / Karin Kühtreiber / Gabriele Scharrer Liska: Keramik und Technik. Internationale Fachtagung der Österreichischen Gesellschaft für Mittelalterarchäologie zugleich 43. Internationales Symposium des Arbeitskreises für Keramikforschung. Mautern an der Donau, 20. bis 25. September 2010 (Wien 2011 = Beiträge zur Mittelalterarchäologie in Österreich 27, 2011) 145-154.
Im Mai kam bei einer von der Stadtarchäologie Aachen in der Prinzenhof-und der Jesuitenstraß... more Im Mai kam bei einer von der Stadtarchäologie Aachen in der Prinzenhof-und der Jesuitenstraße durchgeführten Ausgrabung die Abwurfgrube eines Bilderbäckers zum Vorschein 1 . Es wurden Fragmente eines Brennofens, einiger Gefäßkeramiken, mehrerer Reliefs und eines Models sowie einer Figur entdeckt (Abb. ). Der Fundort liegt in der Aachener Innenstadt im Einzugsbereich der Kleinmarschierstraße, etwa hundert Meter Luftlinie vom Dom entfernt. Diese bildet die Verlängerung der Franzstraße, an der die lokalen Töpfereibetriebe angesiedelt waren. Von der Franzstraße und von der nahegelegenen Aureliusstraße sind ebenfalls Reste von Pfeifentonfiguren, eines Models und von Reliefs bekannt 2 (Abb. ). Die besondere Bedeutung des Fundensemblesvon der Prinzenhofstraße ergibt sich einerseits aus der hohen Qualität der Stücke, andererseits daraus, dass der archäologische Befund, anders als die bisher im Rheinland entdeckten Massenfunde spätmittelalterlicher Bilderbäckerwerke, in einer von Anfang an genau dokumentierten stratigraphischen Abfolge spätmittelalterlicher Schichten lag 3 . Für deren Bearbeitung beziehungsweise Vorlage bildete sich rasch eine transdisziplinäre Projektgruppe, deren Auswertung hier vorgelegt wird. (die Autoren) Der Befund Die archäologischen Untersuchungen der Jahre / zwischen Prinzenhof-und Jesuitenstraße wurden durch den Neubau einer Mensa für das städtische Gymnasium Sankt Leonhard Wir danken der Mannschaft des Forschungsreaktors am Reaktorinstitut Delft für die kompetente und zuverlässige Durchführung der Bestrahlungen.D r. Patricia Brattig Kölnischen Stadtmuseums gewährten uns Zugang zu Informationen und Vergleichsstücken.U nser besonderer Dank gilt Dipl.-Ing. Detlev Wolf, der mit seinen Rechner-und Elektronikspezialkenntnissen sowie großem Einsatz möglich machte, dass diese Messungen überhaupt erfolgen konnten. Die Bildwerke wurden in das von der Deutschen Forschungsgemeinschaftg eförderte Forschungsvorhaben zur Wormser Bilderbäckerei aufgenommen. -In den Bildunterschriften werden Maße in Millimetern angegeben.
Gerald Volker Grimm, Eine hochmittelalterliche Henkelflasche mit gefälschtem Kaisersiegel. In: Si... more Gerald Volker Grimm, Eine hochmittelalterliche Henkelflasche mit gefälschtem Kaisersiegel. In: Silvia Glaser (Hrsg.), Keramik im Spannungsfeld zwischen Handwerk und Kunst. Beiträge des 44. Internationalen Symposiums Keramikforschung im Germanischen Nationalmuseum, Nürnberg, 19.-23.September 2011. Wissenschaftliche Beibände zum Anzeiger des Germanischen Nationalmuseums 40 (Nürnberg 2015) 41-50.
This paper reviews a high medieval ceramic bottle decorated with a faked imperial seal. It also contains a scetch for the chronology of high to late medieval ceramic bottle forms.
In: Tobias Gärtner / Stefan Hesse / Sonja König, Von derWeser in die Welt. Festschrift für Hans-Georg Stephan zum 65. Geburtstag. Alteuropäische Forschungen. Neue Folge 7 (Langenweissbach 2015) 123-139., 2015
In this essay, the basics of a reconstruction of the grave memorial conceived by the authors toge... more In this essay, the basics of a reconstruction of the grave memorial conceived by the authors together with Wolfram Giertz for the Centre Charlemagne are presented. One result of the research was that the faces of the portrait figures in Müstair and in the Louvre have similar characteristics, which suggests a representation of physigiognomic features of the king at his prime respectively of the old emperor. Also the hairstyle of both figures fits to a dating into the late 8th century on the one hand and the early 9th century on the other hand.
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Papers by Gerald Volker Grimm
A special feature there is the extraordinarily high groundwater level, which - with seasonal fluctuations - is only about 1-2 m below the surface of the ground. During the excavations, this led on the one hand to the fact that the investigation of deeper features caused the excavators some problems, but on the other hand to good preservation conditions for organic finds, especially wood.
During the excavations, among other things medieval predecessor buildings and other outbuildings of three farms were discovered which existed there from the High Middle Ages up to the present.
A horse bath was also discovered at two of the farms (Groß-Egeling and Groß-Hardt). The distance to each other is about 500 m.
There are some similarities, but also differences. The period of use is similar in each case: one was used from the High Middle Ages (probably the second half of the 13th century) into the 17th century, the other one from the late 13th century into the decades around 1600. According to this, the horse baths could have been used at the same time for more than three centuries.
When they were built it was close to then existing buildings, similar to what is depicted on a late 18th century etching/chalcography showing the ideal type of Westphalian farm. But they continued to be used when the respective settlement core had moved somewhat away. Both horse baths are completely artificial installations.
They were built into already existing relatively large moats or were perhaps built at the same time as the moats.
One seems to have had a simple, linear form throughout the ages, while the other one has undergone several transformations during its use. In the case of the latter, there are also indications of an additional – at least temporary – use as a washing area. However, it cannot be ruled out that the other one could also have been used in this way.
Horse baths were an essential infrastructure element from the High Middle Ages at the latest, when horses began to play a greater role in agriculture. Nevertheless, horse baths like the two examples from Bocholt-Mussum have only rarely been described. This of course raises the question of why horse ponds were not discovered much more frequently in medieval/modern settlement contexts.
In our opinion, there are various possible reasons for this, which are not mutually exclusive. These reasons are discussed.
This article gives an overview of late medieval pipe clay figures and a pastry mould found in Neuss, Germany.
Larger versions of the figures are added at the end of the text.
This paper discusses the work oft he Master oft he Judgment of Paris, a goldsmith known by a group of late gothic pastry moulds, who used side narremes in his depictions. This is a very rare feature in contempory ceramics. It shows an overview of his works and the relation to 15th century engravings, mostly by Master ES. Some of his moulds later served as decorations for Siegburg Stoneware and bells.
This paper tests the validity of the Deventer Systeem by taking stoneware finds and depictions of funnel-necked jugs and beakers into account, mostly from Siegburg. This dating system is based on certain typological characteristics and dated contexts in the Netherlands and provides generally reliable comparisons for ceramics and glass of the middle ages and modern times. It gives additional chrono-typological hints according to the development of certain features of those vessels. In the end early relief-decorated funnel-neck jugs with the Three Holy Kings are dated anew according to the comparisons, showing the possibilities and the limitations of both methods.
The Deventer Systeem went online in the meantime: https://www.deventersysteem.nl.
The article deals with the late gothic to renaissance clay figures (pipe clay and stoneare) in the Töpfereimuseum Raeren. Wit a single exception these had been found in the important stoneware production site Raeren near Aken.
The differences resulting from the different approaches in the Netherlands, where metal detectors are widely used and a publication of excavations is mandatory (according to the Valletta Treaty) are discussed on the basis of military finds, mostly from the Thirty Years War in Germany (1618-1648) and the Eighty Years War (1568-1648). These present new evidence about the functioning of fortresses and the life in particular to combat operations
This paper introduces a late medieval art pottery from Stralsund which produced extraordinary jugs, tiles and stove tiles. Some decorations were made by prototypes for medieval ivories. As my co-author Ralf Weisbarth found out some of its products were glazed in a white claze that differs from all known majolica products of the 14th and 15th century.
This paper deals with alterations on pipe clay figures and reliefs and the methods of dating.
In: Sabine Felgenhauer-Schmiedt / Nikolaus Hofer / Karin Kühtreiber / Gabriele Scharrer Liska: Keramik und Technik. Internationale Fachtagung der Österreichischen Gesellschaft für Mittelalterarchäologie zugleich 43. Internationales Symposium des Arbeitskreises für Keramikforschung. Mautern an der Donau, 20. bis 25. September 2010 (Wien 2011 = Beiträge zur Mittelalterarchäologie in Österreich 27, 2011) 145-154.
This paper reviews a high medieval ceramic bottle decorated with a faked imperial seal. It also contains a scetch for the chronology of high to late medieval ceramic bottle forms.
A special feature there is the extraordinarily high groundwater level, which - with seasonal fluctuations - is only about 1-2 m below the surface of the ground. During the excavations, this led on the one hand to the fact that the investigation of deeper features caused the excavators some problems, but on the other hand to good preservation conditions for organic finds, especially wood.
During the excavations, among other things medieval predecessor buildings and other outbuildings of three farms were discovered which existed there from the High Middle Ages up to the present.
A horse bath was also discovered at two of the farms (Groß-Egeling and Groß-Hardt). The distance to each other is about 500 m.
There are some similarities, but also differences. The period of use is similar in each case: one was used from the High Middle Ages (probably the second half of the 13th century) into the 17th century, the other one from the late 13th century into the decades around 1600. According to this, the horse baths could have been used at the same time for more than three centuries.
When they were built it was close to then existing buildings, similar to what is depicted on a late 18th century etching/chalcography showing the ideal type of Westphalian farm. But they continued to be used when the respective settlement core had moved somewhat away. Both horse baths are completely artificial installations.
They were built into already existing relatively large moats or were perhaps built at the same time as the moats.
One seems to have had a simple, linear form throughout the ages, while the other one has undergone several transformations during its use. In the case of the latter, there are also indications of an additional – at least temporary – use as a washing area. However, it cannot be ruled out that the other one could also have been used in this way.
Horse baths were an essential infrastructure element from the High Middle Ages at the latest, when horses began to play a greater role in agriculture. Nevertheless, horse baths like the two examples from Bocholt-Mussum have only rarely been described. This of course raises the question of why horse ponds were not discovered much more frequently in medieval/modern settlement contexts.
In our opinion, there are various possible reasons for this, which are not mutually exclusive. These reasons are discussed.
This article gives an overview of late medieval pipe clay figures and a pastry mould found in Neuss, Germany.
Larger versions of the figures are added at the end of the text.
This paper discusses the work oft he Master oft he Judgment of Paris, a goldsmith known by a group of late gothic pastry moulds, who used side narremes in his depictions. This is a very rare feature in contempory ceramics. It shows an overview of his works and the relation to 15th century engravings, mostly by Master ES. Some of his moulds later served as decorations for Siegburg Stoneware and bells.
This paper tests the validity of the Deventer Systeem by taking stoneware finds and depictions of funnel-necked jugs and beakers into account, mostly from Siegburg. This dating system is based on certain typological characteristics and dated contexts in the Netherlands and provides generally reliable comparisons for ceramics and glass of the middle ages and modern times. It gives additional chrono-typological hints according to the development of certain features of those vessels. In the end early relief-decorated funnel-neck jugs with the Three Holy Kings are dated anew according to the comparisons, showing the possibilities and the limitations of both methods.
The Deventer Systeem went online in the meantime: https://www.deventersysteem.nl.
The article deals with the late gothic to renaissance clay figures (pipe clay and stoneare) in the Töpfereimuseum Raeren. Wit a single exception these had been found in the important stoneware production site Raeren near Aken.
The differences resulting from the different approaches in the Netherlands, where metal detectors are widely used and a publication of excavations is mandatory (according to the Valletta Treaty) are discussed on the basis of military finds, mostly from the Thirty Years War in Germany (1618-1648) and the Eighty Years War (1568-1648). These present new evidence about the functioning of fortresses and the life in particular to combat operations
This paper introduces a late medieval art pottery from Stralsund which produced extraordinary jugs, tiles and stove tiles. Some decorations were made by prototypes for medieval ivories. As my co-author Ralf Weisbarth found out some of its products were glazed in a white claze that differs from all known majolica products of the 14th and 15th century.
This paper deals with alterations on pipe clay figures and reliefs and the methods of dating.
In: Sabine Felgenhauer-Schmiedt / Nikolaus Hofer / Karin Kühtreiber / Gabriele Scharrer Liska: Keramik und Technik. Internationale Fachtagung der Österreichischen Gesellschaft für Mittelalterarchäologie zugleich 43. Internationales Symposium des Arbeitskreises für Keramikforschung. Mautern an der Donau, 20. bis 25. September 2010 (Wien 2011 = Beiträge zur Mittelalterarchäologie in Österreich 27, 2011) 145-154.
This paper reviews a high medieval ceramic bottle decorated with a faked imperial seal. It also contains a scetch for the chronology of high to late medieval ceramic bottle forms.
This article is about the medieval to early modern metal finds from Hulst 's‐Gravenhofplein and Vismarkt. Most notable are a number of medieval horse harnesses, some of which were used for pulling wagons. On the other hand there are some parts of arms and armour, pilgrim's badges, coins and tokens, as well as jewellery from the viking times to about 1800. Attached is also the catalogue of all metal finds, selected for determination.
D. Hagens, RAPPORT. Archeologische begeleiding en proefsleuven met doorstart naar een opgraving met beperking aan de Varkensmarkt te Roermond (Roermond 2019) And: Gerald Volker Grimm / Stefanie Hoss, ibid.: Bijlage 22 Catalogus klein vondstmateriaal en metaal / Bijlage 23 Spoordatering aan de hand van klein vondstmateriaal en metaal
The finds are mainly late medieval and early post-medieval, with a high concentration of finds from the late 16th to the early 17th century.
Among the numerous finds of dress asseccoires, two metal wire supports of ruff collars are especially important for the histroy of dress.
Remarkable is the high number and good preservation of the militaria: helmets, armour, swords, and even war scythes and a small war hammer. These are remains from the various battles fought in and around Hulst in the late middle ages and during the 80 years war.
and adapt a title like 'Literary Variations on Free Associations
to some paintings of Pieter Bruegel the Elder'.