The objective of the ServINNo project is to examine service innovation policy in the Nordic count... more The objective of the ServINNo project is to examine service innovation policy in the Nordic countries and key factors that influence effective policy design. In order to build a solid foundation for the policy analysis, the project has drawn on innovation data and case studies of Nordic service companies. This includes detailed analyses of innovation activities of Nordic service firms using data from the Fourth Community Innovation Survey (CIS4) and other innovation data. Services are highly diverse, making it very difficult to make broad generalizations on the entire sector. To make sense of this diversity, a typology of service activities was developed based on the literature and Nordic case studies. The innovation analyses and service typology are used as tools in this final report to analyse service innovation policies. In examining service innovation, we will look at policies across the following dimensions: • Use of broad policy goals to promote service innovation • Policies that promote aspects which are of key importance for service innovation • Policies with an explicit focus on promoting service innovation • Generic policies that are relevant for service firms An important contribution from this project is insights from interviews with policymakers and stakeholders from Norway, Finland, Iceland and Denmark. These interviews provide valuable first hand information and viewpoints that complement data from policy documents and other studies. The actors interviewed capture viewpoints from a variety of institutions, including trade associations, employee organisations, ministerial departments, universities and innovation agencies. The report covers service innovation activities and policies in all five Nordic countries, with the objective of providing a basis both for Nordic benchmarking and for exchange of experiences. Statistics, typologies and interviews are used as tools to aid in service innovation policy analysis. In addition, this report takes a broad view of innovation policy, addressing both direct and horizontal policies that can impact service innovation.
ABSTRACT There has been a growing use of performance-based research funding systems (PRFS) as a p... more ABSTRACT There has been a growing use of performance-based research funding systems (PRFS) as a policy tool. With the introduction of the Publication Indicator in 2004, Norway joined this international trend in which the allocation of basic funds is increasingly linked to performance indicators. The purpose of this article is to present and discuss the main results of a recent evaluation of the Norwegian Publication Indicator, which examines the Indicator’s impact on publishing patterns, its properties, and how it has functioned in practice. This includes both a broad range of potential effects such as the Indicator’s impact on the quantity and the quality of publications, Norwegian language publishing, and length of articles and monographs. It also includes an examination of properties such as the Indicator’s legitimacy and transparency, how it functions as a measure of research performance across different fields, its use as a management tool, and how the system is organized and administrated in practice. In examining these questions, the article draws on a number of different data sources, including large-scale surveys of both researchers and research managers, multilevel case studies, and bibliometric analysis. The article concludes with a discussion of the implications of the analysis both for further development of the Norwegian Model and for PRFS in general.
Structural Change and Economic Dynamics, Dec 1, 2013
While there is growing awareness that much innovation currently takes place in the public sector,... more While there is growing awareness that much innovation currently takes place in the public sector, it is also recognised that more systematic efforts to promote innovation are needed to address the economic and societal challenges that public sectors face. However, there is a lack of a common understanding of what public sector innovation is and a lack of a measurement framework that can shed light on innovation processes in public sector organisations. Based on insights generated in a recent Nordic pilot study, this paper seeks to contribute to fill this gap. The paper discusses how public sector innovation can be captured and to what extent measurement can be based on frameworks originally developed in a private sector context. While there are important differences between the public and the private sector that should be reflected in a measurement framework, there is also considerable common ground that can be drawn upon.
ABSTRACT This paper introduces a special section of Science and Public Policy on science in socie... more ABSTRACT This paper introduces a special section of Science and Public Policy on science in society in Europe. Based on extensive data collected for the Monitoring Policy and Research Activities on Science in Society in Europe (MASIS) project, contributions to this special section explore pertinent issues related to the location, role and responsibility of science across EU member states and associated countries. By developing analytical typologies and classifying countries, the collection of papers provides a novel and detailed picture of Europe. It reveals considerable variation regarding the interactions of science and society at the national level, and it offers a platform for international learning. The identification of patterns and trends concerning the place of science in society may also feed into emerging European discussions about 'responsible research and innovation'.
Economics of Innovation and New Technology, Apr 1, 2008
ABSTRACT This paper studies the market valuation of R&D in Denmark for 1989–2001, adding ... more ABSTRACT This paper studies the market valuation of R&D in Denmark for 1989–2001, adding to the limited number of studies of countries outside of the US or the UK. In terms of financial systems or ownership structure, Denmark can be seen as an intermediate case between Anglo-Saxon models in the US and the UK and large continental European countries such as France, Germany and Italy. In order to facilitate international comparison, the analysis follows Hall and Oriani (2006)15. Hall , B. H. and Oriani , R. 2006. Does the Market Value R&D Investment by European Firms? Evidence From a Panel of Manufacturing Firms in France, Germany, and Italy. International Journal of Industrial Organisation, 24: 971–993. [CrossRef], [Web of Science ®]View all references, and it is found that the relative shadow value of R&D for Denmark is larger than comparable values for France, Germany, Italy and the US, and similar to those for the UK. Though, while relative shadow values are high overall, shadow values are substantially lower for firms with high R&D intensity. The role of ownership structure is also examined and it is found, in contrast to comparable results for France and Italy, that R&D is actually valued more highly in Danish firms with a single large shareholder. It is argued that this difference may be due to greater investor protection in Denmark.
The objective of this paper is to contribute to the emerging attempts to foster empirical, quanti... more The objective of this paper is to contribute to the emerging attempts to foster empirical, quantitative approaches to Responsible Research and Innovation (RRI) and to provide a low-resolution map of the European RRI landscape, which can serve as a vehicle for international learning. The paper presents indicators of RRI aimed at characterising countries. It examines the empirical structure of the data collected in the 'Monitoring the evolution and benefits of Responsible Research and Innovation' (MoRRI) project, and reports patterns across Europe. Factor analysis is applied to identify 11 empirically anchored dimensions of RRI. Based on indices for these dimensions, cluster analysis reveals four distinct clusters of countries. These results point to diversity regarding the empirically manifest components of RRI as well as diversity in the RRI profiles of the 28 European Union Member States.
The experiences from Australia where undifferentiated publication counts were linked to funding o... more The experiences from Australia where undifferentiated publication counts were linked to funding of universities in 1993 is well known. Publication activity increased, but the largest increase was in lower-impact journals, leading to a general drop in overall citation impact for Australia. The experience from Australia has been a warning for what would most likely happen if funding were linked to publication activity. Nevertheless, in 2005, a performance-based model based on differentiated publication counts was implemented in Norway. The model was specifically developed to counter adverse effects like those identified in the Australian case. In the present article, we examine ‘what happens at the aggregated level of publication and citation activity when funding is linked to differentiated publication counts’. We examine developments in Norwegian publication activity, journal publication profiles, and citation impact. We also examine developments in publication activities at the individual level and developments in research and development resource inputs. We compare experiences in Australia to those in Norway. The results show that for the Norwegian case, overall publication activity goes up, impact remains stable, and there is no indication of a deliberate displacement of journal publication activities to the lowest-impact journals. Hence, we do not see the same patterns as in Australia. We conclude that the experience in Norway with differentiated publication counts linked to funding has been different from the experience in Australia with an undifferentiated model. This is an important observation because currently the Norwegian model is being or has been adopted in several European countries.
This paper presents an overview of the state of the art in the field surrounding the measurement ... more This paper presents an overview of the state of the art in the field surrounding the measurement of “intangibles” for productivity analysis. The purpose of the paper is to inform indicator development and implementation in economic analysis, both at the micro and aggregated levels. The review seeks to capture the development of intangibles measurement, which has explored a variety of directions, both in terms of definition, method and data. We characterize both the diversity of the field and its development over time. Current national and firm level accounting rules lead, from an economic viewpoint on intangibles, to both an underestimation of intangible assets and productivity growth. Further work is needed, both concerning the estimation of “technical” aspects such as depreciation rates and deflators, and in the continued testing and comparison of different measurement efforts. Many opportunities exist to aggregate across or cross‐validate between the measures that are currently b...
In the past few decades, there has been increasing interest in public private collaboration, whic... more In the past few decades, there has been increasing interest in public private collaboration, which has motivated lengthy discussion of the implications of collaboration in general, and co-authorship in particular, for the scientific impact of research. However, despite this strong interest in the topic, there is little systematic knowledge on the relation between public private collaboration and citation impact. This paper examines the citation impact of papers involving public-private collaboration in comparison with academic research papers. We examine the role of a variety of factors, such as international collaboration, the number of co-authors, academic disciplines, and whether the research is mainly basic or applied. We first examine citation impact for a comprehensive dataset covering all Web of Science journal articles with at least one Danish author in the period 1995-2013. Thereafter, we examine whether citation impact for individual researchers differs when collaborating with industry compared to work only involving academic researchers, by looking at a fixed group of researchers that have both engaged in public-private collaborations and university-only publications. For national collaboration papers, we find no significant difference in citation impact for public-only and public-private collaborations. For international collaboration, we observe much higher citation impact for papers involving public-private collaboration.
JCOM, journal of science communication, Sep 3, 2018
We argue that the commitment to science-society integration and Responsible Research and Innovati... more We argue that the commitment to science-society integration and Responsible Research and Innovation in past European framework programmes has already made considerable progress in better aligning research and innovation with European societies. The framework programmes have important socialisation effects and recent research point to positive trends across key areas of Responsible Research and Innovation within academic organisations. What appears to be a step away from the concerted efforts to facilitate European citizens' meaningful contribution to research and innovation in the upcoming Horizon Europe framework programme seems counter-productive and poorly timed.
In the past few decades, there has been increasing interest in public private collaboration, whic... more In the past few decades, there has been increasing interest in public private collaboration, which has motivated lengthy discussion of the implications of collaboration in general, and co-authorship in particular, for the scientific impact of research. However, despite this strong interest in the topic, there is little systematic knowledge on the relation between public private collaboration and citation impact. This paper examines the citation impact of papers involving public-private collaboration in comparison with academic research papers. We examine the role of a variety of factors, such as international collaboration, the number of co-authors, academic disciplines, and whether the research is mainly basic or applied. We first examine citation impact for a comprehensive dataset covering all Web of Science journal articles with at least one Danish author in the period 1995-2013. Thereafter, we examine whether citation impact for individual researchers differs when collaborating with industry compared to work only involving academic researchers, by looking at a fixed group of researchers that have both engaged in public-private collaborations and university-only publications. For national collaboration papers, we find no significant difference in citation impact for public-only and public-private collaborations. For international collaboration, we observe much higher citation impact for papers involving public-private collaboration.
The present paper examines the relation between size, accumulation and performance for research g... more The present paper examines the relation between size, accumulation and performance for research grants, where we examine the relation between grant size for Centres of Excellence (CoE) funded by the Danish National Research Foundation (DNRF) and various ex post research performance measures, including impact and shares of highly cited articles. We examine both the relation between size and performance and also how performance for CoEs evolves over the course of grant periods. In terms of dynamics, it appears that performance over the grant period (i.e. 10 years) is falling for the largest CoEs, while it is increasing for those among the smallest half. Overall, multivariate econometric analysis finds evidence that performance is increasing in grant size and over time. In both cases, the relation appears to be non-linear, suggesting that there is a point at which performance peaks. The CoEs have also been very successful in securing additional funding, which can be viewed as a 'cumulative effect' of center grants. In terms of new personnel, the far majority of additional funding is spent on early career researchers, hence, this accumulation would appear to have a 'generational' dimension, allowing for scientific expertise to be passed on to an increasing number of younger researchers.
BACKGROUND While hands-on training is a prerequisite for successful education of nursing students... more BACKGROUND While hands-on training is a prerequisite for successful education of nursing students, constraints on clinical training availability and quality have increased focus on effects of in-school simulation training. However, existing research has produced inconsistent conclusions and the literature lacks high-powered evidence from controlled trials. OBJECTIVES To test effects of a simulation scheme on student professional self-confidence in technical and non-technical skills, as well as to investigate effects on knowledge acquisition and interaction with clinical training. DESIGN Field experiment, treatment is a three + two day simulation training scheme while control is a standard three hour simulation session. Self-confidence in a list of technical and non-technical skills is measured in three survey-rounds. Enriched with data on type of clinical training site and grade attainment. SETTING University College Copenhagen Department of Nursing, all third year students in 2019. PARTICIPANTS 352 in cohort, out of which 316 participated and 311 answered first survey round (163 in treatment, 148 in control). METHODS Field experiment analyzed utilizing multivariate OLS regression analysis. RESULTS Students who receive increased simulation training report markedly higher levels of professional self-confidence immediately after training. This effect is double the size for confidence in technical skills, compared to non-technical skills. The effects on self-confidence in technical skills persist at the end of the following semester for those that receive low intensity clinical training. Students who receive the treatment see a small (and statistically uncertain) relative increase in grade attainment in the semester of treatment, but this difference dissipates over time. CONCLUSIONS Simulation training has substantial positive short-term effects for the professional self-confidence of nursing students and appears to have small positive effects on knowledge acquisition. Most of these effects are crowded out by other factors (notably intensive clinical training) over time but might have long-term positive effects for those that do not receive other intensive hands-on experiences. This is interpreted as an indication that simulation training can be used to compensate for uncertainties in providing sufficient training experiences outside of academic training.
The objective of the ServINNo project is to examine service innovation policy in the Nordic count... more The objective of the ServINNo project is to examine service innovation policy in the Nordic countries and key factors that influence effective policy design. In order to build a solid foundation for the policy analysis, the project has drawn on innovation data and case studies of Nordic service companies. This includes detailed analyses of innovation activities of Nordic service firms using data from the Fourth Community Innovation Survey (CIS4) and other innovation data. Services are highly diverse, making it very difficult to make broad generalizations on the entire sector. To make sense of this diversity, a typology of service activities was developed based on the literature and Nordic case studies. The innovation analyses and service typology are used as tools in this final report to analyse service innovation policies. In examining service innovation, we will look at policies across the following dimensions: • Use of broad policy goals to promote service innovation • Policies that promote aspects which are of key importance for service innovation • Policies with an explicit focus on promoting service innovation • Generic policies that are relevant for service firms An important contribution from this project is insights from interviews with policymakers and stakeholders from Norway, Finland, Iceland and Denmark. These interviews provide valuable first hand information and viewpoints that complement data from policy documents and other studies. The actors interviewed capture viewpoints from a variety of institutions, including trade associations, employee organisations, ministerial departments, universities and innovation agencies. The report covers service innovation activities and policies in all five Nordic countries, with the objective of providing a basis both for Nordic benchmarking and for exchange of experiences. Statistics, typologies and interviews are used as tools to aid in service innovation policy analysis. In addition, this report takes a broad view of innovation policy, addressing both direct and horizontal policies that can impact service innovation.
ABSTRACT There has been a growing use of performance-based research funding systems (PRFS) as a p... more ABSTRACT There has been a growing use of performance-based research funding systems (PRFS) as a policy tool. With the introduction of the Publication Indicator in 2004, Norway joined this international trend in which the allocation of basic funds is increasingly linked to performance indicators. The purpose of this article is to present and discuss the main results of a recent evaluation of the Norwegian Publication Indicator, which examines the Indicator’s impact on publishing patterns, its properties, and how it has functioned in practice. This includes both a broad range of potential effects such as the Indicator’s impact on the quantity and the quality of publications, Norwegian language publishing, and length of articles and monographs. It also includes an examination of properties such as the Indicator’s legitimacy and transparency, how it functions as a measure of research performance across different fields, its use as a management tool, and how the system is organized and administrated in practice. In examining these questions, the article draws on a number of different data sources, including large-scale surveys of both researchers and research managers, multilevel case studies, and bibliometric analysis. The article concludes with a discussion of the implications of the analysis both for further development of the Norwegian Model and for PRFS in general.
Structural Change and Economic Dynamics, Dec 1, 2013
While there is growing awareness that much innovation currently takes place in the public sector,... more While there is growing awareness that much innovation currently takes place in the public sector, it is also recognised that more systematic efforts to promote innovation are needed to address the economic and societal challenges that public sectors face. However, there is a lack of a common understanding of what public sector innovation is and a lack of a measurement framework that can shed light on innovation processes in public sector organisations. Based on insights generated in a recent Nordic pilot study, this paper seeks to contribute to fill this gap. The paper discusses how public sector innovation can be captured and to what extent measurement can be based on frameworks originally developed in a private sector context. While there are important differences between the public and the private sector that should be reflected in a measurement framework, there is also considerable common ground that can be drawn upon.
ABSTRACT This paper introduces a special section of Science and Public Policy on science in socie... more ABSTRACT This paper introduces a special section of Science and Public Policy on science in society in Europe. Based on extensive data collected for the Monitoring Policy and Research Activities on Science in Society in Europe (MASIS) project, contributions to this special section explore pertinent issues related to the location, role and responsibility of science across EU member states and associated countries. By developing analytical typologies and classifying countries, the collection of papers provides a novel and detailed picture of Europe. It reveals considerable variation regarding the interactions of science and society at the national level, and it offers a platform for international learning. The identification of patterns and trends concerning the place of science in society may also feed into emerging European discussions about 'responsible research and innovation'.
Economics of Innovation and New Technology, Apr 1, 2008
ABSTRACT This paper studies the market valuation of R&D in Denmark for 1989–2001, adding ... more ABSTRACT This paper studies the market valuation of R&D in Denmark for 1989–2001, adding to the limited number of studies of countries outside of the US or the UK. In terms of financial systems or ownership structure, Denmark can be seen as an intermediate case between Anglo-Saxon models in the US and the UK and large continental European countries such as France, Germany and Italy. In order to facilitate international comparison, the analysis follows Hall and Oriani (2006)15. Hall , B. H. and Oriani , R. 2006. Does the Market Value R&D Investment by European Firms? Evidence From a Panel of Manufacturing Firms in France, Germany, and Italy. International Journal of Industrial Organisation, 24: 971–993. [CrossRef], [Web of Science ®]View all references, and it is found that the relative shadow value of R&D for Denmark is larger than comparable values for France, Germany, Italy and the US, and similar to those for the UK. Though, while relative shadow values are high overall, shadow values are substantially lower for firms with high R&D intensity. The role of ownership structure is also examined and it is found, in contrast to comparable results for France and Italy, that R&D is actually valued more highly in Danish firms with a single large shareholder. It is argued that this difference may be due to greater investor protection in Denmark.
The objective of this paper is to contribute to the emerging attempts to foster empirical, quanti... more The objective of this paper is to contribute to the emerging attempts to foster empirical, quantitative approaches to Responsible Research and Innovation (RRI) and to provide a low-resolution map of the European RRI landscape, which can serve as a vehicle for international learning. The paper presents indicators of RRI aimed at characterising countries. It examines the empirical structure of the data collected in the 'Monitoring the evolution and benefits of Responsible Research and Innovation' (MoRRI) project, and reports patterns across Europe. Factor analysis is applied to identify 11 empirically anchored dimensions of RRI. Based on indices for these dimensions, cluster analysis reveals four distinct clusters of countries. These results point to diversity regarding the empirically manifest components of RRI as well as diversity in the RRI profiles of the 28 European Union Member States.
The experiences from Australia where undifferentiated publication counts were linked to funding o... more The experiences from Australia where undifferentiated publication counts were linked to funding of universities in 1993 is well known. Publication activity increased, but the largest increase was in lower-impact journals, leading to a general drop in overall citation impact for Australia. The experience from Australia has been a warning for what would most likely happen if funding were linked to publication activity. Nevertheless, in 2005, a performance-based model based on differentiated publication counts was implemented in Norway. The model was specifically developed to counter adverse effects like those identified in the Australian case. In the present article, we examine ‘what happens at the aggregated level of publication and citation activity when funding is linked to differentiated publication counts’. We examine developments in Norwegian publication activity, journal publication profiles, and citation impact. We also examine developments in publication activities at the individual level and developments in research and development resource inputs. We compare experiences in Australia to those in Norway. The results show that for the Norwegian case, overall publication activity goes up, impact remains stable, and there is no indication of a deliberate displacement of journal publication activities to the lowest-impact journals. Hence, we do not see the same patterns as in Australia. We conclude that the experience in Norway with differentiated publication counts linked to funding has been different from the experience in Australia with an undifferentiated model. This is an important observation because currently the Norwegian model is being or has been adopted in several European countries.
This paper presents an overview of the state of the art in the field surrounding the measurement ... more This paper presents an overview of the state of the art in the field surrounding the measurement of “intangibles” for productivity analysis. The purpose of the paper is to inform indicator development and implementation in economic analysis, both at the micro and aggregated levels. The review seeks to capture the development of intangibles measurement, which has explored a variety of directions, both in terms of definition, method and data. We characterize both the diversity of the field and its development over time. Current national and firm level accounting rules lead, from an economic viewpoint on intangibles, to both an underestimation of intangible assets and productivity growth. Further work is needed, both concerning the estimation of “technical” aspects such as depreciation rates and deflators, and in the continued testing and comparison of different measurement efforts. Many opportunities exist to aggregate across or cross‐validate between the measures that are currently b...
In the past few decades, there has been increasing interest in public private collaboration, whic... more In the past few decades, there has been increasing interest in public private collaboration, which has motivated lengthy discussion of the implications of collaboration in general, and co-authorship in particular, for the scientific impact of research. However, despite this strong interest in the topic, there is little systematic knowledge on the relation between public private collaboration and citation impact. This paper examines the citation impact of papers involving public-private collaboration in comparison with academic research papers. We examine the role of a variety of factors, such as international collaboration, the number of co-authors, academic disciplines, and whether the research is mainly basic or applied. We first examine citation impact for a comprehensive dataset covering all Web of Science journal articles with at least one Danish author in the period 1995-2013. Thereafter, we examine whether citation impact for individual researchers differs when collaborating with industry compared to work only involving academic researchers, by looking at a fixed group of researchers that have both engaged in public-private collaborations and university-only publications. For national collaboration papers, we find no significant difference in citation impact for public-only and public-private collaborations. For international collaboration, we observe much higher citation impact for papers involving public-private collaboration.
JCOM, journal of science communication, Sep 3, 2018
We argue that the commitment to science-society integration and Responsible Research and Innovati... more We argue that the commitment to science-society integration and Responsible Research and Innovation in past European framework programmes has already made considerable progress in better aligning research and innovation with European societies. The framework programmes have important socialisation effects and recent research point to positive trends across key areas of Responsible Research and Innovation within academic organisations. What appears to be a step away from the concerted efforts to facilitate European citizens' meaningful contribution to research and innovation in the upcoming Horizon Europe framework programme seems counter-productive and poorly timed.
In the past few decades, there has been increasing interest in public private collaboration, whic... more In the past few decades, there has been increasing interest in public private collaboration, which has motivated lengthy discussion of the implications of collaboration in general, and co-authorship in particular, for the scientific impact of research. However, despite this strong interest in the topic, there is little systematic knowledge on the relation between public private collaboration and citation impact. This paper examines the citation impact of papers involving public-private collaboration in comparison with academic research papers. We examine the role of a variety of factors, such as international collaboration, the number of co-authors, academic disciplines, and whether the research is mainly basic or applied. We first examine citation impact for a comprehensive dataset covering all Web of Science journal articles with at least one Danish author in the period 1995-2013. Thereafter, we examine whether citation impact for individual researchers differs when collaborating with industry compared to work only involving academic researchers, by looking at a fixed group of researchers that have both engaged in public-private collaborations and university-only publications. For national collaboration papers, we find no significant difference in citation impact for public-only and public-private collaborations. For international collaboration, we observe much higher citation impact for papers involving public-private collaboration.
The present paper examines the relation between size, accumulation and performance for research g... more The present paper examines the relation between size, accumulation and performance for research grants, where we examine the relation between grant size for Centres of Excellence (CoE) funded by the Danish National Research Foundation (DNRF) and various ex post research performance measures, including impact and shares of highly cited articles. We examine both the relation between size and performance and also how performance for CoEs evolves over the course of grant periods. In terms of dynamics, it appears that performance over the grant period (i.e. 10 years) is falling for the largest CoEs, while it is increasing for those among the smallest half. Overall, multivariate econometric analysis finds evidence that performance is increasing in grant size and over time. In both cases, the relation appears to be non-linear, suggesting that there is a point at which performance peaks. The CoEs have also been very successful in securing additional funding, which can be viewed as a 'cumulative effect' of center grants. In terms of new personnel, the far majority of additional funding is spent on early career researchers, hence, this accumulation would appear to have a 'generational' dimension, allowing for scientific expertise to be passed on to an increasing number of younger researchers.
BACKGROUND While hands-on training is a prerequisite for successful education of nursing students... more BACKGROUND While hands-on training is a prerequisite for successful education of nursing students, constraints on clinical training availability and quality have increased focus on effects of in-school simulation training. However, existing research has produced inconsistent conclusions and the literature lacks high-powered evidence from controlled trials. OBJECTIVES To test effects of a simulation scheme on student professional self-confidence in technical and non-technical skills, as well as to investigate effects on knowledge acquisition and interaction with clinical training. DESIGN Field experiment, treatment is a three + two day simulation training scheme while control is a standard three hour simulation session. Self-confidence in a list of technical and non-technical skills is measured in three survey-rounds. Enriched with data on type of clinical training site and grade attainment. SETTING University College Copenhagen Department of Nursing, all third year students in 2019. PARTICIPANTS 352 in cohort, out of which 316 participated and 311 answered first survey round (163 in treatment, 148 in control). METHODS Field experiment analyzed utilizing multivariate OLS regression analysis. RESULTS Students who receive increased simulation training report markedly higher levels of professional self-confidence immediately after training. This effect is double the size for confidence in technical skills, compared to non-technical skills. The effects on self-confidence in technical skills persist at the end of the following semester for those that receive low intensity clinical training. Students who receive the treatment see a small (and statistically uncertain) relative increase in grade attainment in the semester of treatment, but this difference dissipates over time. CONCLUSIONS Simulation training has substantial positive short-term effects for the professional self-confidence of nursing students and appears to have small positive effects on knowledge acquisition. Most of these effects are crowded out by other factors (notably intensive clinical training) over time but might have long-term positive effects for those that do not receive other intensive hands-on experiences. This is interpreted as an indication that simulation training can be used to compensate for uncertainties in providing sufficient training experiences outside of academic training.
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Papers by Carter Bloch