Jump to content

Isithuthi sehwanzi

Mayelana Wikipedia
Izicibazulu ezivamelwa ngeHwanzi zihlanganisa nalesi esibizwa iDelta IV Heavy.
I-Toyota Mirai yowezi-2015 iyisithuthi sokuqala emhlabeni esikhiqizwa ngobuningi futhi esiqhakambiswa kwezentengoselwano esisebenzisa impathamandla yehwanzi nesingacecezwanga onongweni olukhona.[1][2]

Isithuthi sehwanzi siyisithuthi esisebenzisa iHwanzi ukuhamba. Izithuthi zeHwanzi zihlanganisa izithuthi zomgwaqo, izithuthi zojantshi, Izicibazulu zomkhathi , izikhuphuluzi, imikhumbi edlezwa yihwanzi kanye nezindiza ezidlezwa yihwanzi. Amandla wokunyakazisa aphehlwa ngokuguqula isidlakalasi sevanga seHwanzi kube isidlakalasi sokuguxazela, ngokusabelisa iHwanzi ngesOhwe kwimpathanzuba yesivamelo ukuze kudlezwe isidikizisi samazuba, noma ngokushiswa lweHwanzi phakathi kwesilumbamdiki.[3]

IHwanzi liyisivamelo sezicibazulu eziningi futhi lisha ngokuhlanzekile kunezinye izivamelo ezifana nejawani, kodwana lidinga imiphongolo elikhulu yokuligcina. Indiza yeHwanzi ayilindelwe ukuba ingathwala abagibeli abaningi ibanga elide ungakafiki owezi-2030.[4][5]

Emnyakeni wezi-2019, cishe amaphesenti ayithoba nesiphohlongo (98%) ehwanzi ayekhiqizwa ngokudlidlizisa ijawani, okungumdludlungu ophafuza umCalahle ontuhlambili.[6] Ihwanzi lingakhiqizwa ngenqubo yencazamanzi (electrolysis), noma ngomchadavanga (thermochemical) ngokusebenzisa ukudla kwemfuyo, okungumdludlungu obiza kakhulu.[7] Ezobuchwepheshe ezinhlobonhlobo zithuthukiswa ngenhloso yokwehlisa izintengo ngokwanele, nokukhiphula amanani ngokwanele, ukuba zincintisane nokukhiqizwa kwehwanzi ngohowo lwemvelo.[8]

Izithuthi ezisebenzia ubuchwepheshe behwanzi ziyazuza kakhulu ngokufaka isivamelo kanye , kodwana kunemithelela engemihle.

Ohltsheni lwezithuthi ezincane kanye nezimoto ezithwala abagibeli, ukwamukelwa kwehwanzi kusemuva kunezimoto zamazuba. Ucwaningovlowezi-2022 lwathola ukuthi ukuthuthukiswa kwezobuchwepheshe kanye nezOmnotho wezilinganiso, uma kuqhathaniswa nengunqulo yokusetshenziswa kweHwanzi, zenza.[9] As of 2021, kunezinhlobo ezimbili zezimoto zehwanzi ezaziwayo ezindayini ezithile: iToypta Mirai (2014–), okuyimoto yokuqala ekhiqozwe ukuthengiswa enesiphathavame ,[1][2][10] kanye neHyindai Nexo (2018–). Akhona namabhasi aneziohathavame.

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named wsj141215
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named jt150123
  3. ↑ "A portfolio of power-trains for Europe: a fact-based analysis" (PDF). iphe.net. Archived from the original (PDF) on 15 October 2017. Kulandwe ngomhlaka 15 April 2018. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  4. ↑ "Planes running on batteries and hydrogen to become a reality under new group of aviation experts". GOV.UK. Kulandwe ngomhlaka 2022-05-18.
  5. ↑ Frangoul, Anmar (2022-02-17). "Airbus CEO says hydrogen plane is 'the ultimate solution' but cautions a lot of work lies ahead". CNBC. Kulandwe ngomhlaka 2022-05-18.
  6. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Realising
  7. ↑ Romm, Joseph. Tesla Trumps Toyota: Why Hydrogen Cars Can’t Compete With Pure Electric Cars" Archived 2014-08-21 at the Wayback Machine., ThinkProgress, August 5, 2014.
  8. ↑ "Wind-to-Hydrogen Project". Hydrogen and Fuel Cells Research. Golden, CO: National Renewable Energy Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy. September 2009. Archived from the original on 26 August 2009. Kulandwe ngomhlaka 7 January 2010. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help). See also Energy Department Launches Public-Private Partnership to Deploy Hydrogen Infrastructure Archived 2014-06-07 at the Wayback Machine., US Dept. of Energy, accessed November 15, 2014
  9. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named role
  10. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named inf220516
"https://zu.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Isithuthi_sehwanzi&oldid=108965" تان ورتل