睇Wikipedia:模說明嘅程式碼

<noinclude>{{translation}}</noinclude>

{{Wikipedia how to|WP:DOC}}

[[Help:模|模]]係[[MediaWiki]]一個好勁嘅功能，but can be confusing to new users and even experienced users can have difficulty making sense of the more complex ones. Templates should therefore be accompanied by '''[[documentation]]''' to improve usability.

Template documentation should explain what a template does and how to use it. It should be simple enough that a user without complete knowledge of the intricacies of template syntax – which includes many experienced contributors who focus their attention elsewhere – can use it correctly. This is especially true in the case of very widely-used templates.

<!-- 頭兩小節只係秘技，唔應該排前邊，不過成篇都係英文未譯，擠喺度先。下邊d嘢譯咗之後應該擺上來 -->
== 排版 ==
用模嗰陣可以有唔同排版。唔同排版唔影響讀者見到嘅顯示效果，但對於用源碼編輯器嘅編者會有分別。常見嘅排版有「一行過」同「攤開」，仲可以兩溝。呢D通通可以靠改TemplateData來定義默認格式。
<pre>一行過
{{example|a=|b=|c=}}</pre>
<pre>攤開
{{example
|a=
|b=
|c=
}}</pre>

== 改參數順序秘技 ==
如果你想改一個模D參數嘅順序，有秘技幫到你，唔使人手著個改。請睇中文版[[:zh:模組:IncrementParams]]或英文版[[:en:Module:IncrementParams]]。

{{TransH}}
==What to include==
Template documentation should cover:

* The '''basic purpose''' of the template: what it does and if it is not immediately obvious, why it needs to be done. If there are other templates with similar names or purposes, it's a good idea to mention those, in order to reduce the chance of the wrong one being used.
* The '''[[Help:Templates#Parameters|parameters]]''' of the template: whether they are numbered, named or optional, and if so, what the default values are and what effect they have. If a parameter can take only a limited set of values or is constrained in any way, for example, if it can only use "yes", "no", or a number, this should be clearly explained.
* '''Usage examples''': specify the exact wikitext that should be used and the result that it produces. The wikitext can be enclosed in a {{tag|code}} container, to make it clear and <code>easy to copy, like this</code>. If the template can be used in several different ways, with or without optional parameters, for example, provide a range of examples. A good way to do so is to transclude the template itself into the documentation a few times (i.e., use live examples), with different parameters each time and list the parameters used in each case. With [[Template:Xpd]] this can be done without putting the template call twice in the wikitext.
* '''Related templates''': if the template is one of a series of templates, include links to these – in particular, ensure that every template in the series is linked from each of the others, as this makes navigation easier. (A separate navigation template may be useful for this purpose, see: [[Template:Protection templates]]).
* '''[[Wikipedia:Categorization|Categories]]''' and '''[[Wikipedia:InterWikimedia links|InterWikimedia links]]''', where applicable. Like the documentation, these must be within a {{tag|noinclude}} container. Many template categories are available, see: [[:Category:Wikipedia templates]] to browse through them.

Template documentation is often placed in a [[Wikipedia:Subpages|subpage]] of the template itself, which is then [[Wikipedia:Transclusion|transcluded]] at the end of the template page. This separates the often complex template code from the documentation, making the documentation easier to edit. It also allows templates to be [[Wikipedia:Protection policy|protected]] where necessary, while allowing anyone to edit the documentation. This method is sometimes referred to as the "template doc page pattern".

Documentation of any sort on a template page should always be enclosed by a {{tag|noinclude}} container, so that it does not show up when the template is used on another page. Text on the template page itself adds to the amount of text that must be processed when displaying the template, which is [[Wikipedia:Template limits|limited]] for performance reasons. Placing the documentation in a subpage avoids this (MediaWiki developers have <span class="plainlinks">[http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Village_pump_(technical)&diff=prev&oldid=69888944 recommended]</span> it for this reason).

==How to create a documentation subpage==
Template documentation subpages should be named and formatted using the following general pattern, for consistency.

Suppose your template is named <code>Template:X</code>. Create a subpage with the name <code>Template:X/doc</code>. See the details at {{tl|Documentation subpage}} or copy-paste the following wikitext as a start for your documentation:

<!--This code block is copy-pasted from [[Template:Documentation/preload]];
    check it periodically for updates and copy it here again if necessary,
    and fix the "<include<includeonly></includeonly>only>" escaping in it.--><pre>
{{Documentation subpage}}
<!-- Categories and interwikis go at the bottom of this page. -->

== Usage ==

== See also ==

<includeonly>
<!-- Categories and interwikis go here: -->

</includeonly>
</pre>

The top line will display a message explaining the current page and a link to the template page.

Insert the documentation after the top line and categories and interwikis under the appropriate comment line – leaving the comment in place, so that the layout is preserved when the page is edited in future. The subpage template sets a <nowiki>{{DEFAULTSORT:{{PAGENAME}}}}</nowiki>, ensuring that a <code>Template:X</code> will be properly sorted at "X" and not "T", it is thus not useful or desirable to add a <nowiki>{{PAGENAME}}</nowiki> sortkey to the categories. Related templates, policy page, projects, etc. can be linked to under "See also", or just comment-out this section heading if it isn't needed (yet): <code><nowiki><!-- ==See also == --></nowiki></code>

Save the subpage and return to the template itself, <code>Template:X</code>, in this example. Edit the template and append the following at the end of the template code:

 {{Colors|black|#CCC|{{var|[--last line of your template code--]}}}}<nowiki>&lt;noinclude>

{{Documentation}}
<!-- PLEASE ADD THIS TEMPLATE'S CATEGORIES AND INTERWIKIS TO THE /doc SUBPAGE, THANKS -->
&lt;/noinclude></nowiki>

This will transclude {{tl|Documentation}} at the bottom of the template page.

'''Important''': Make sure the opening {{tag|noinclude|o}} begins immediately after the last character of the template code or text and ''not'' on a new line, nor with any intervening spaces. Otherwise, extra space will be inserted below the template when it is used, which is usually not wanted.

If the template is already protected, ask an [[Wikipedia:Administrators|administrator]] to do this or request an edit by using an {{tl2|Editprotected}} on the template's talk page. If documentation, categories and interwiki links already exist in a section, enclosed within a {{tag|noinclude}} container, move them into the documentation subpage (where they should be enclosed in {{tag|includeonly}}), as it is best not to have documentation split across two separate pages.

If the code is put on the template page first, one can benefit from the [[mw:Extension:InputBox#Parameters|preload]] feature to get a pre-filled doc page skeleton; if the documentation page does not exist yet, clicking the edit link on the template page will preload the contents of [[Template:Documentation/preload]] into the editbox of the /doc subpage creation.

You may wish to redirect the talk page of the /doc subpage to the talk page of the template itself. Then all talk relating to the template and its documentation will end up on the same talkpage. For example, redirect <code>Template talk:X/doc</code> to <code>Template talk:X</code>.

==Categories and interwiki links==
* '''To place the template itself into a category''', add the <code><nowiki>[[Category:Category name]]</nowiki></code> code inside an <code><nowiki><includeonly></nowiki></code>...<code><nowiki></includeonly></nowiki></code> section on the ''doc'' subpage.

* '''To create an interwiki link for the template itself''', add the <code><nowiki>[[Languagecode:Template name]]</nowiki></code> code inside an <code><nowiki><includeonly></nowiki></code>...<code><nowiki></includeonly></nowiki></code> section on the ''doc'' subpage.

* '''To place the ''doc'' subpage into a category''', add the <code><nowiki>[[Category:Category name]]</nowiki></code> code inside a <code><nowiki><noinclude></nowiki></code>...<code><nowiki></noinclude></nowiki></code> section on the ''doc'' subpage.

* '''To make the template place an article into a category''' (when the article includes the template), add the <code><nowiki>[[Category:Category name]]</nowiki></code> code inside an <code><nowiki><includeonly></nowiki></code>...<code><nowiki></includeonly></nowiki></code> section on the template page.

==Example==
See the heavily-used [[Template:cite web]] for an example of detailed template documentation. Note that the template itself is protected, but the documentation subpage, [[Template:cite web/doc]] is unprotected and can still be edited.

==/sandbox and /testcases==
Before doing changes to a template it can be good to first copy the template code to a sandbox and run some testcases, since the template might be visible on thousands of pages. If you create subpages named exactly "'''/sandbox'''" and "'''/testcases'''" to a template then the green {{tlc|documentation}} box on the template auto-detects this and will show links to those pages in its header.  See [[Wikipedia:Template test cases]] for more information.

==Several templates, one documentation page==
When several templates work together or are very similar then it is often clearer and easier to maintain one single documentation page that documents them together. The simplest way to do this is to make a full documentation page at one of the templates, and then make "soft redirects" from the other templates. That is, to make very short documentation pages at the other templates that have only one or two sentences that states where the full documentation can be found and link to it. See for instance {{tl|wrap}}.

==Stub templates==
Stub templates are one of the very rare forms of template that do not generally have documentation. As all stub templates operate in identical ways, they could theoretically be linked to one documentation page giving instruction for their use. This is, however, regarded as superfluous, since all stub templates already contain a link to [[Wikipedia:Stub]], which more thoroughly covers all the information that would normally be covered by a documentation page.

== Tips & tricks ==
Here's some tips to facilitate writing documentations.
* Links to templates like {{tlp|Japanese year|1800}} can be inserted by writing {{tlp|tlp|Japanese year|1800}}. See {{tl|tlp}} for similar templates.
* HTML tags like {{tag|ref|params=group{{=}}"note"}} can be easily inserted with {{tl|tag}}. This example is written as {{tlp|tag|ref|params{{=}}group{{=}}"note"}}
* Equals sign '''=''' can be inserted with {{tn|{{=}}}}. For example, {{tlp|Citation needed|date{{=}}1900-02-29}} is made by {{tlp|tlp|Citation needed|date{{<nowiki />=}}1900-02-29}}. Avoid the equivalent notation &amp;#61; which is not easy to read for other editors.
* Don't forget the single {{tag|nowiki|s}} tag. [[<nowiki />{{tag|nowiki|s}}example]] becomes [[<nowiki />example]], and [<nowiki />{{tag|nowiki|s}}http://en.wikipedia.org no link] is [<nowiki />http://en.wikipedia.org no link]. See [[WP:NOWIKI]] for the details.
* For a link to a category, use {{tl|cat}}. For example {{tlp|cat|Templates with incorrect parameter syntax}} becomes {{cat|Templates with incorrect parameter syntax}}.

==See also==
* {{tl|Documentation}} – Transcludes the documentation on the template page, and provides documentation view, edit and history links
* {{tl|Documentation subpage}} – Explains that what follows is documentation, and links to the documented page
* [[m:Help:Templates#Noinclude, includeonly, and onlyinclude|{{tag|noinclude|o}} and {{tag|includeonly|o}}]]
* {{tl|Template reference list}}
* [[Wikipedia:High-risk templates]]
* [[Wikipedia:Template test cases]]
{{TransF}}

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