Publications by Cynthia Schwarz
Francis Picabia : Materials and Techniques, 2017
The Burlington Magazine , 2018
AIC News, 2022
The Paintings Specialty Group's purpose is to improve knowledge of all subjects relating to the c... more The Paintings Specialty Group's purpose is to improve knowledge of all subjects relating to the conservation of paintings, to promote proficiency and skill in the practice of paintings conservation, and to disseminate related technical and professional information. Learn more at www.culturalheritage.org /paintings-group AIC News
Yale University Art Gallery Bulletin: THE SOCIÉTÉ ANONYME AT 100, 2020
Winterthur Portfolio, 2018
Introduction THE PURPOSE This book should really be considered as epistemology, especially as we ... more Introduction THE PURPOSE This book should really be considered as epistemology, especially as we wish to construe that term broadly. 1 It rests on ontology and takes aim at methodological foundations. The object is to reexamine the scientific standing of structural econometrics as developed by the founders of econometrics (Frisch and Tinbergen) and extended by Haavelmo and the Cowles modellers (particularly Klein) during the period 1930-60. The early econometricians tended to believe they could test economic theories and discover scientific laws analogous to the laws of physics and natural science. The writers who have examined the history of econometrics have tended to accept this project more or less uncritically. By contrast, we consider this misguided, and based on philosophical error. Certainly, in our view, econometrics can contribute empirical insights that will advance the development of economic theory, and it can specify and identify reliable projectible relationships, but, as we shall explain, these are not the same as the scientific laws of physics, and they are specific to particular periods of history. But they do exist. The book can be seen as a response to Caldwell's (1982, p. 216) challenge. The quotation from Caldwell suggests integrating economic methodology and philosophy with econometrics. It is still applicable and even more worthy of consideration today. Spanos (2007, p. 2) elevated the philosophy of econometrics to primacy of place in the philosophy of economics, as the study of 'general principles, strategies and philosophical presuppositions that underlie empirical modeling'; the aim being to understand how to achieve 'learning from data'. This concerns methodology, of course, but also ontology and epistemology. How can we transmute 'noisy and incomplete data into reliable evidence'? We have to know that the data are actually genuine (or at least adequate) instances of the variables of the theory or hypothesis. So we have to understand where the data come from, which is to say, we have to have some sense of the reliability and working of the data generating process. Econometricians still face unresolved problems in bridging the gap between data and theories after all these years! But without such a
Conservation of Modern Oil Paintings, 2019
The Yale University Art Gallery (YUAG) collection contains more than 600 paintings by the America... more The Yale University Art Gallery (YUAG) collection contains more than 600 paintings by the American artist Edwin Austin Abbey (1852–1911). Over half of these works exhibit efflorescence that appears as a white surface haze. An upcoming exhibition focusing on the preparatory paintings of Abbey and his contemporaries during the American Renaissance has provided the opportunity to study these efflorescing paintings to gain insight into Abbey’s painting technique and to inform future conservation treatments. As part of a larger research project, this study aimed to understand how the observed efflorescence relates to the painting materials and techniques used in Abbey’s oil-on-canvas study The Spirit of Light and to explore approaches for reducing this efflorescence during treatment. The structure and surface of the painting were studied with a stereomicroscope, and multilayer samples were analyzed with field emission scanning electron microscopy – energy dispersive spectroscopy (FE-SEM/EDS). The morphology of the efflorescent material was imaged, and the elemental composition determined, with FE-SEM/EDS. FE-SEM/EDS revealed that the efflorescent material was composed of layers of lifted plates that contain carbon and zinc. The ground layers and efflorescent material were characterized with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), FE-SEM/EDS, and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Analysis revealed that the plates were composed of crystalline zinc carboxylates, as opposed to the more frequently encountered free fatty acids. The silicone-based gel Shin-Etsu KSG-350Z was found to be an effective solution for reducing the efflorescence layer from the highly soluble and underbound paint layers.
ACS applied materials & interfaces, Jan 28, 2016
This Research Article describes a novel method for removal of particulate contamination, loosely ... more This Research Article describes a novel method for removal of particulate contamination, loosely referred to as dust, from solid surfaces using polymeric micropillars. In this Research Article, we illustrate for the first time that polymeric microfibrils of controlled interfacial and geometrical properties can effectively remove micrometric and submicrometric contaminant particles from a solid surface without damaging the underlying substrate. Once these microfibrils are brought into contact with a contaminated surface, because of their their soft and flexible structure, they develop intimate contact with both the surface contaminants and the substrate. While these intrinsically nonsticky micropillars have minimal interfacial interactions with the substrate, we show that they produce strong interfacial interactions with the contaminant particles, granting the detachment of the particles from the surface upon retraction of the cleaning material. The origin and strength of the interfa...
Studies in Conservation, 2012
Yale University Art Gallery Bulletin, 2019
Picasso, Picabia, Ernst : New Perspectives, 2018
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Publications by Cynthia Schwarz