Okeanos

The involvement of state organisms and local communities in the processes of development is nowadays a priority supported by the perspective that decisions should be taken as close as possible to the affected citizens (the subsidiary principle), as well as by the principles of local participation and decentralisation.

Palavras chave: Áreas costeiras, uso do solo, agentes de mudança, metodologia integrada, Alentejo Litoral ABSTRACT This paper deals with the identification of the required conditions for a real integration of disciplines, without which an integrated analysis may not be possible. To do so we are searching the information that is necessary to fulfil the objective of an integrated methodology.

The active collaboration of end-users and stakeholders was a crucial component in the accomplishment of the analysis Table 7 -Measures of centrality by groups of stakeholders 46 SOCIAL NETWORKS AND WATER MANAGEMENT DECISION MAKING 1 According to the Brundtland Report "…far from requiring the cessation of economic growth (sustainable development) recognises that the problems of poverty and underdevelopment cannot be solved unless we have a new era of growth…" .

Referência: Rodrigues, L.; Julião, R. (2014). Espacialização de cenários do balanço da água: uma metodologia de apoio à decisão para a gestão dos recursos hídricos. Revista de Geografia e Ordenamento do Território (GOT), n.º 5 (junho). Centro de Estudos de Geografia e Ordenamento do Território, p. 233-257

Abstract: The involvement of state organisms and local communities in the processes of development is nowadays a priority supported by the perspective that decisions should be taken as close as possible to the affected citizens (the subsidiary principle), as well as by the principles of local participation and decentralisation. Keywords: Social Networks; Governance, Sustainability, Participation, DPSIR

Being land use and land use changes one of the main issues integrating the large debate on sustainable development, its analysis demand clearly an integration of spatial/landscape data with the socio-economic data type which has been recently widely recognised. The question is how this integration is possible, and how can it best be achieved. Moreover, the land use changes studies must be a contextualised analysis centred in the individual inside the context where he acts. This departing point assumes that the individual induces the ...

O SIG desempenha um papel fundamental no desenvolvimento dos Sistemas de Apoio à Decisão para a Gestão dos Recursos Hídricos. O Sistema de Apoio à Decisão apoia-se no SIG para a constituição de uma base da informação georeferenciada com elementos inter-relacionados que visam dotar este DSS de algumas funcionalidades dos sistemas de informação (recolha, entrada, armazenamento, tratamento, análise e visualização de informação). Na Gestão dos Recursos Hídricos a componente informação deve ser apresentada de forma (geo)gráfica, numérica ou alfanumérica, de modo a permitir a criação de associações ou relações de carácter espacial significativas para quem tenha de decidir. Este SIG permite desenvolver um conjunto de elementos espacialmente referenciados que se relacionam para a identificação/caracterização de uma unidade (sub-bacia do Rio Caia), que se insere num sistema mais amplo (bacia do Rio Guadiana). Uma das componentes essenciais deste DSS é a abordagem dos principais problemas dos recursos hídricos recorrendo a uma sistematização DPSIR 1 que deve também estar relacionada com o SIG. A necessidade de utilização de um SIG para a constituição do Sistema de Apoio à Decisão para a Gestão dos Recursos Hídricos está na origem do esquema de relações proposto nesta apresentação.

Some of the most profound changes in the littoral have arisen from direct decisions by man concerning land use, and these have affected both the quality of environmental resources, such as soils and water and the sustainability of coastal ecosystems. Land use decisions in coastal areas are based on opportunities and constraints affected by both biophysical and socio-economic drivers, being land use and land use changes one of the main issues integrating the large debate on sustainable development. The need to integrate natural ...

This paper aims at presenting the dynamics of land cover changes in coastal areas. These dynamics were identified, Coastal Alentejo (Portugal), by the application of an integrated methodology that associated the land cover data with the socioeconomic data. The use of Geographic Information Systems made possible the association of land cover data and socioeconomic data using different levels of analysis. Being land cover and land use changes one of the main issues integrating the large debate on sustainable development, its analysis demand clearly an integration of spatial / landscape data with the socioeconomic data, which has been recently widely recognised. The question is how this integration is possible, and how can it best being achieved to understand the change. Moreover, the land use changes studies must be a contextualised analysis centred in the individual inside the context where he acts. This departing point assumes that the individual induces land use changes but he also reflects these changes, which were made by him or by other agents that intervene, directly or indirectly, in the land use. Thus we must consider and analyse the impact of external driving forces such as the national and international policies and regulations, being necessary, therefore, an effort to make this kind of analysis at Regional, Local and Individual Level. The coastal areas are special focus given the increasing importance that they had assumed in the global frame of the present economic development. The number and diversity of agents that are searching for space in coastal areas increases the needs for an integrated management in a way to minimise the negative impacts of the increasing number of activities conflicting in these areas. The nature and distribution of human activities on coastal areas result from the action of a range of driving forces-demographic, institutional, commercial and market, cultural and technological. The impact of these forces explains the land use changes and the way in which the coastal resources are affected.

This paper aims at presenting an integrated framework for the study of territorial dynamics in coastal areas. The use of Geographic Information Systems made possible the association of land cover data and socioeconomic data using different levels of spatial analysis. The Coastal Alentejo (Portugal) was used as case study to identify these territorial dynamics. Being land cover and land use changes one of the main issues integrating the large debate on sustainable development, its analysis demand clearly an integration of spatial /landscape data with the socioeconomic data, which has been recently widely recognised. The question is how this integration is possible, and how can it best be achieved to understand the change. Moreover, the land use changes studies must be a contextualised analysis centred in the individual inside the context where he acts. This departing point assumes that the individual induces land use changes but he also reflects these changes, which were made by him or by other agents that intervene, directly or indirectly, in the land use. Thus we must consider and analyse the impact of external driving forces such as the national and international policies and regulations, being necessary, therefore, an effort to make this kind of analysis at Regional, Local and Individual Level. The coastal areas are special focus given the increasing importance that they had assumed in the global frame of the present economic development. The number and diversity of agents that are searching for space in coastal areas increases the needs for an integrated management in a way to minimise the negative impacts of the increasing number of activities conflicting in these areas. The nature and distribution of human activities on coastal areas result from the action of a range of driving forces OE demographic, institutional, commercial and market, cultural and technological. The impact of these forces explains the land use changes and the way in which the coastal resources are affected. Toward the identification and understanding the environmental problems of coastal areas it is important, therefore, to analyse the efficacy of the administrative structures at the level of the formulation of the legislative frame and its practice giving possible to understand the articulation, at distinct levels of the institutional dimensions. Moreover the institutional frame, given the integration of Portugal in the European Union since the middle eighties, is in part the reflection of the problems and needs, which are perceived also at the international level. In Portugal the responsibility of management of coastal resources is distributed by several administrative structures that intervene at different spatial levels (national, regional and local levels). This intervention present some contradictions caused by the different objectives of the planning tools, which frame those administrative structures. In what relates to the methodological design, this study is based in an integrated perspective that aims at understand the processes of land use change. The association of different scientific approaches and levels of analysis will accomplish this posture of integration. However, this multidisciplinary integration cannot be faced as a superimposition or assembling of divers empirical approaches. It represents an articulation between the different scientific domains and levels of spatial or time analysis. The time analysis it is a significant element of the methodological design. If this studies aim at understand the processes of land use change, it is required to analyse different periods, besides the study of different rhythms or cycles of the phenomena. The accurate study of these different moments must contemplate the changes of the biophysical and social frames. The land use change is, therefore, the reflection of the practices of the different agents conditioned by the changes in the global frame of each period. In order to articulate these spatial and temporal levels of analysis of the georeferenced data it was implemented a GIS. How to articulate information from different sources and natures, different scales into the system of analysis is one of the main challenges of the work carried on.

In the decision-making process networks function as an essential tool in the transmission of normative systems, which regulate the decision; in the transmission of information, thus allowing for the identification of the existing problems and potentials; in the evaluation of a proposal's validity; and also, in the understanding of interactions and conflicts among various social actors, whether individual or collective. It is imperative to consider the relationships among the various social actors as local potentials and liabilities, and as ...

A ilha de Santa Maria e a mais antiga dos Acores apresentando extensas formacoes de origem sedimentar (com mais de 8 milhoes de anos) onde se podem encontrar fosseis marinhos. A regiao Ocidental aplanada, baixa, com solos argilosos e clima seco contrasta com a regiao Oriental, acidentada e sujeita a formacao de nuvens e de precipitacao elevada. Estas condicoes, propicias a sobrevivencia de especies da flora e da fauna com caracteristicas e preferencias bastante diversas, contribuem para a manutencao de uma biodiversidade muito particular.